Communal Award and Poona Pact-1932....

•CDM Suspended•Gandhiji gaye 2nd RTC in London•Irvin Pact Sign hochuka hai•Bhagat sign shaheed hochuke hain•Dec-1931:RTC ;British kuch discuss nahi karte ,Na dominion ki baat karte hai aur complete freedom to bahot door ki baat hai.Gandhi ji:angry:Returned back 28 Dec-1931•Again launched CDM-29 Dec 1931•Viceroy now Willington:Chaalu banda pehle he plan karke rkha tha teen points pr:1)Gandhi ji ko firse tezi me nahi ane dena hai2)Congress se ab aram se bat krne aur value dene ki zroorat nahi hai3)Logo ko Movement me involve nahi hoke dena hai

British Preplanned Action•Gandhi arrested 4 Jan 1932•Congress banned•Press banned•1934:CDM withdrawn again

Communal Or McDonald Award(PM of British):Announce in Aug’1932

Hindus ki unity break karne ke liye usne ek policy apnayi aur announce krdia ki separate electorate dia jayega depressed classes ko bhi...Scheduled classes should be provided with a separate political entity.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

The existing seats of the provincial legislatures were to be doubled.The system of separate electorates for the minorities was to be retained.The Muslims, wherever they were in minority, were to be granted a weightage.Except NWFP, 3 % seats for women were to be reserved in all provinces.The depressed , dalits or the untouchables were to be declared as minorities.Allocation was to be made to labor, landlords, traders and industrialists.

Thus, this award accorded separate electorates for Muslims, Europeans, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, Depressed Classes, and even Marathas. (Some seats in Bombay were given to Marathas)

Gandhiji said it is An Attack on Indian Unity to bole ab to mai markar he dikhaunga aur Jail me baith gaye bhook hadtaal par..(Yervada Jail:Pune)

Hindu leaders jaise madan mohan malviya gaye Dr Ambedkar ke pas aur ye sb btaya ki yar wo mar jayege kuch sulah karo..To aya Poona Pact-19321)Cancel separate electorate for Depressed classes2)Provide reservation to those classes by increasing,Increase the seats from 71 to 147 in provincial Legislatures 3)Accept Poona Pact as amendment to Communal Award

Concept & Analysis :McDonald award was to debilitate national unity by creating different spheres of interests. It was dangerous and Gandhi knew it. The new challenge was to combat with the feeling of

separatism. This award started a policy of appeasement and quota, which is still killing India, slowly.

Next Steps:Congress now had two types of people:1)New Swarajists: Election-1934 ladkar policy making body me jakr changes krna chahte the like M.A Ansari,Asif Ali,B.C Roy etc2)Against these elections

Gandhiji was against fighting for elections but later he agreed that for trial we can participate in elections 1936 Lucknow session and 1937 @ Faiza pur,Congress accepted that they will fight all elections

3Rd Round table conference-1932 (Congress not participated): B.R ambedkar was the only person who participated in all the three RTC..46 delegated attended this conference and finally the result of this conference was GOI-1935 ...All RTC are discussion the final report of Simon Commission

Also in this time GOI-1935 was passed which created Provincial Autonomy ..There were debates weather to participate in 1937 Provinces elections or not..GOI-1935 was provided as a carrot to stop any Movement coming our from IndiaCongress clearly rejected this act and demanded for the formation of constituent assembly with elected members on voting.

GOI-1935

Government of India Act 1935 was passed by British Parliament in August 1935.

With 321 sections and 10 schedules, this was the longest act passed by British Parliament so far and was later split into two parts viz. Government of India Act 1935 and Government of Burma Act 1935.

•Biggest act till date by British,Cane in 1935,Enforced on 1937 and was Discontinued in 1939

1)It is the biggest source of Indian Constitution

2)All India Federation was formed:Division of powers between centre and Units(Provinces+Princely States) ..For this three lists were created Federal,Provincial and concurrent

3)Any subject not mentioned in the list the residual power to make law rest with viceroy

4)This AIF dint came into picture as Princely states said no to join this.

5)Darcy was abolished in provinces (It was applied by GOI-1919),Also provinces were given autonomy i.e Responsible government..Means now in any states if law has to made then Governor has to consult the ministers which are responsible to legislature which have elected members

6)Darcy was shifted to centre means now centre will have transferred and reserved subjects(Viceroy without consultation of legislature) : “This point also not came into picture”

7)Extended the franchiese(Right to vote to around 10% population)•Estb of Public services commissions:1)Federal public service commission2)Provincial PSC3)Joint PSC(For two provinces together)

8)Estb of federal court @ Delhi Later was estb in 1937..It is known as current SC of India

9)Council of state was present earlier with Sec of state but it is abolished and 3 Advisors were added to advice Sec of state

abolished and 3 Advisors were added to advice Sec of state

10)Estb of RBI to control the currency of Country.

11)The GOI act 1935 vested the control of Railway in a new authority called Federal Railway Authority, which had seven members and was free from control of ministers and councillors

12)The partial reorganization of the provinces included separation of Sind from Bombay, Splitting Bihar and Orissa into separate provinces, Complete separation of Burma from India, detachment of Aden from India and establishing as a separate colony.

13) Range of separate electorate was extended to Women,Depressed classes

What happened to Dominion status?The Simon commission had promised ‘Dominion Status’ for India in 1929 , but the Government of India Act did not confer it. This act by providing separate electorates for Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Europeans, Anglo Indians, Indian Christians etc. proved to be further an instrument of disintegrating India. It was over obstructing and Nehru called it “all breaks, no engine”.