Common Safety Method (CSM) for risk assessment for risk... · inland transport of dangerous goods -...
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Slide n° 1 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9 th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment Common Safety Method (CSM) for risk assessment (Regulations 352/2009 & 402/2013) Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9 th October 2013 E-mail: [email protected]
Transcript of Common Safety Method (CSM) for risk assessment for risk... · inland transport of dangerous goods -...
Slide n° 1 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Common Safety Method (CSM) for risk assessment (Regulations 352/2009 & 402/2013)
Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th October 2013
E-mail: [email protected]
Slide n° 2 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Introduction Common safety instruments for opening railway market
When opening the railway market, in order to:
1) Maintain at least the existing level of safety in the EU railways, and increase it when reasonably practicable
2) Create a basis for mutual trust
with many new railway actors and interfaces
It is necessary to set up a common approach for:
Safety regulation (WHO does WHAT?) Safety management (Common Safety Methods) Safety supervision (check of compliance with the
applicable legislation)
Slide n° 3 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Introduction Impact of Directive 2004/49/EC on the EU railway system
Historical railway situation: “react and fix” approach
Existing national railway systems usually based on compliance with national rules and a retrospective review of «bad experiences» from the past.
Directive 2004/49/EC introduces the obligation for RUs, IMs and ECMs to control and manage their risks through a Safety Management System and a Maintenance Management System. The concept of Risk Management requires to look both FORWARD and RETROSPECTIVE.
New and proactive approach: “Predict and Prevent”
«What are the likely risks and the risk control measures I should put in place to manage safely my business?»
In a “risk based approach” the key question is:
Slide n° 4 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Risk Management Origins
Mathematical instruments for the decision making process have been used already in the XVIII century by shipping insurance companies to assess risks. Since then the decision making process based on a “probabilistic approach” has become a modern tool for “forecasting” unwanted events, preventing them and ensuring financial benefits to the business.
History
Domains of application
Due to continuous refinement and improvement, the Risk Management has become a reliable instrument to perform business and to grant safety in the following domains:
Finance, banking, capital investment
Medicine Nuclear power
Telecommunication Energy Aviation Railways Etc.
Slide n° 5 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
In many domains a gradual improvement of safety resulted from costly experiences and lessons learnt from accidents
Prevention of similar events was regulated reactively (after the occurrence of such events) with the establishment of new national “laws, codes of practice, rules or standards”
Reactive approach for risk management
Changes in the legislation, rules, standards or codes of practice were done to avoid the repetition of a new occurrence of the same type of accident.
This way of doing does not protect the system from other hazards than those that caused the accident
Event Reaction
Accidents are used to prevent same accidents
Slide n° 6 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Modern and proactive approach for risk management
Hazards are identified & Causes and Consequences (risks) are analysed Acceptable Risk Control Measures are defined and implemented to prevent
the hazard and/or to protect from consequences
A proactive safety management based on risks ensures, before the event actually occurs, that:
Analysis Safety measures Event
Competence and analysis are used to prevent accidents
Slide n° 7 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Comparison of Proactive vs Reactive approaches
Accidents are used to prevent same accidents
Competence and knowledge are used to control risks and then to prevent accidents
Costly with high impact on the system and the society Unable to control unknown risks
No impact on the system and the society Can effectively prevent the occurrence of events
Reactive approach
Proactive approach
Slide n° 8 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
A definition of "Risk Management"
Risk Management is a logical and systematic method of identifying the hazards and analysing, treating and monitoring the associated risks involved in any activity or process of a company
Risks can be managed by:
building your knowledge looking at the past (Reactive)
using your competence and analyses techniques for foreseeing consequences of changes, actions, etc. (Proactive)
A decision making process based on Risk Management allows the company to improve its efficiency, facilitating the allocation of resources, protecting the business from unexpected financial outcomes, due to sudden and unwanted/unplanned events
Risk Management is based on the analysis of past
events and probable events i.e. PAST & FUTURE
Slide n° 9 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Different between a “hazard” and a “risk”
What is a RISK?
Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event and the severity of injury, damage to environment or damage to property that may be caused by the event
Risk is the likelihood of harm resulting from a hazard
What is a HAZARD?
It is a source or situation or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or damage to environment or both (e.g. Toxic or flammable substances, electric energy, working at heights etc.)
Hazard is something that has a potential to cause harm or injury
Slide n° 10 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Relation between Hazard – Risk Importance of the system
The system has a relevant importance on the identification of the hazards. Something that could be hazardous in one context, could be totally innocuous in a different one.
System
Slide n° 11 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Risk Parameters
As shown, risk is typically described in two dimensions
Risk= Frequency x Severity
Freq
uen
cy
Severity of Consequence
Increasing Risk
How often will an event occur?
If the event does occur what could be the consequences?
E.g. one person injured, €10000 damage, multiple fatalities
E.g. once per year, once every 10 years, every day…
Slide n° 12 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Basic principles for assessing the risk
Independently on whether complex or simple, Risk Assessment follows a common 4 step process
You 1st identify hazards
Identify Hazards
Estimate Frequency
Estimate Severity
Estimate Risks
Reduce Risks where
required
1 2 3 4
… for each hazard you estimate risk by
estimating frequency and severity
… you then evaluate acceptability of risk
and prioritise …
… If necessary you then take action to
mitigate/control risk
Slide n° 13 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
A general overview on Risk Management - ISO 31000
Regardless of type of business, activity or function of company, Risk Management is 7 step based process
Defining context (System Definition)
Risk Assessment
Hazard/Risk Identification Risk Analysis Risk Evaluation
Risk Control
Risk Monitoring and Review
Communication with and consult staff on company and their activity risks
System Definition
Ris
k A
sse
ssm
ent
Communicate and Consult on risks
Hazard/Risk Identification
Risk Analysis
Risk Evaluation
Risk Control
Risk Monitoring and Review
Bas
ic 5
Ste
p P
roce
ss
‘Risk’ is dynamic and subject to constant change,
so Risk Management process includes continuous
Par
t o
f SM
S
Slide n° 14 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Overview of the Common Safety Method (CSM) for Risk Assessment
(Regulations 352/2009 & 402/2013)
Slide n° 15 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Overview of existing Regulation N°352/2009 WHO shall apply the CSM? The proposer Art. 3(11)
(a) a railway undertaking or an infrastructure manager which implements risk control measures vs. Art. 4 of Directive 2004/49;
(b) an entity in charge of maintenance which implements measures in accordance with Article 14a(3) of Directive 2004/49;
(c) a contracting entity or a manufacturer which invites a NOBO to apply the “EC” verification procedure in accordance with Article 18(1) of Directive 2008/57 or a designated body according to Article 17(3) of that Directive;
(d) an applicant for an authorisation for the placing in service of structural sub-systems [Manufacturer, RU or Keeper];
Directive 2004/49 - Through RU/IM SMS & ECM Maintenance System
Directive 2008/57 - Authorisation for placing in service (APIS)
Co
ntr
acti
ng
Enti
ty
RU
ECM
IM
Ap
plic
ant
for
an A
PIS
Au
th. f
or
pla
cin
g in
se
rvic
e
SMS
– Sy
st o
f M
ain
t.
Slide n° 16 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Overview of existing Regulation N°352/2009 WHEN shall the CSM be applied?
WHEN? when making a significant change to railway system which can impose new risks on infrastructure or on operations:
applied since 2010 for technical systems,
applied since 2012 for operational or organisational
Slide n° 17 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
A common risk assessment process
(a) System definition
(b) Identification of hazards/risks & associated safety measures
(c) Risk analysis based on exiting risk acceptance principles
(d) Risk evaluation for checking acceptance of risk(s)
(e) Definition of safety requirements from identified safety measures
Demonstration of system compliance with identified safety requirements
Requirements for mutual recognition:
(a) Hazard Management (b) Independent Assessment (Body)
Iterative Risk Management Process “triggered” by a Significant Change
Overview of existing Regulation N°352/2009 Risk Management Process and Independent Assessment
CSM for RA is an iterative process defining:
Demonstration of Compliance with Safety Requirements
Preliminary System
Definition
IND
EP
EN
DE
NT
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
HA
ZA
RD
M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T
RISK ANALYSIS
RISK EVALUATION (vs. Risk Acceptance Criteria)
Safety Requirements (i.e. safety measures to be implemented)
SYSTEM DEFINITION
RISK ASSESSMENT
Significant
Change?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Codes of Practice
Similar Reference Systems
Explicit Risk
Estimation
Slide n° 18 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Do not forget that risk management includes control but also monitoring of risks, as well as communicating these risks
Most important concepts to remember about hazards & risks
What can go wrong?
How likely is it to happen?
What are the impacts or consequences?
What is the level of risk?
Manage the risk
Frequency Severity
Risk = Hazard Frequency x Hazard Severity
Hazard
Slide n° 19 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Why giving importance to Risk Management and Risk Assessment? (1/2)
All domains of industry and social life consider "risk" as "source of danger" and a possibility to face damage or accident for their company with financial consequences
Risk is understood as potential for damage linked to company activities that can result from current company organisation, current processes and mode of operation of the company, technical systems or from any future events
Risk Management is a formal tool to identify and prevent the cause of damage or accident to occur or to reduce the consequences if the occurrence cannot be avoided
Slide n° 20 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Why giving importance to Risk Management and Risk Assessment? (2/2)
Risk assessment is a means to an end, not an end in itself. The aim is to keep people safe, not have good paperwork
The risk analysis process depends on the experience, knowledge, imagination, creativity and integrity of the individuals doing the analysis. The only application of these techniques without appropriately talented/competent staff does not ensure a proper and thorough risk analysis result.
The most important step in any risk assessment is that hazards can only be controlled if they are identified
You must not say ‘never.’ Risk assessment predicts probabilities. Although a particular event may be infinitesimally improbable, the probability is always greater than zero.
IMPORTANT
Slide n° 21 Workshop on “risk evaluation and assessment” in the context of
inland transport of dangerous goods - Lille, 8-9th September 2013 CSM for risk assessment
Many thanks for your attention!
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