Common Mistakes in To Be and Auxiliaries

We Are 8th Group:

1. Ayu Oktaviana S. (117800)2. Ani Masrukhah (117907)3. Luluk Aminatur R. (117964)4. Zahrotul Mufidah (1171001)5. Ratna Wijayanti S. (1171014)6. Anah (1371373)7. Kurnia Fitriati (1371401)

AUXILIARY

Auxiliary Modal

Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary VerbsFunction: 'helping' words that give specific

meaning to and indicate the tense of the verb.

1. To Be (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)e.g. I am a student.

I was confused at that time. Please be realistic!

2. To Do (do, does, did)e.g. Do you need any help?

She does not want to know anythingDid we see it important?

3. Have (have, has, had)e.g. We have done our mission successfully.

She has watched all the programs needed.

They had reviewed all the problems.

Auxiliary Modals

Helping verb that gives specific meaning that used through specific expression to declare some case, such as:

1. Ability (can, could, be able to)e.g. We can run as fast as possible.

When I was young, I could run ten kilometres.

We are able to finish our work in a short time.

2. Permission (may, might, can, could) e.g. May I go out now?

Might she go down town? Can I speak again?

Could I walk away?3. Advisability (should, had better, ought to) e.g. If you feel exhausted, you should take a

rest. We had better go to Puncak for our

vacation.Sometimes we ought to have free time.

4. Possibility (may, might)e.g. She is absent now. She may be sick. The lady might go somewhere.5. Necessity (must, have to, have got to, had)e.g. We must study hard in order to pass the

final exam.The man has to finish his work before noon.

She had to visit her husband yesterday.

6. Prohibition (mustn’t)e.g. You mustn’t smoke here.

7. Lack of necessity (don’t have to)e.g. We don’t have to work until late at night, we

can finish it tomorrow.

8. Inferences (must, must have)e.g. You have been driving all day. You must be

very tired.I came to her house last night, but she wasn’t there. She must have gone somewhere.

9. Preference (would rather)e.g. I would rather stay at home than go to

shopping centre.

Present ModalsS + Modal (will, shall, must, may, ought to, can) + V1

Past ModalsS + MODAL PAST (would, should, must/had to, might, could) + V1

Perfect ModalsS + MODAL (must, might, should, could) + have + V3

Choose the right answer below!1. a) After you show me the way, I can to go by myself.

b) After you show me the way, I can go by myself. ₰2. a) Our friends might stop to see us on their way to California.

₰ b) Our friends might stopping to see us on their way to

California.3. a) I would, if there is time, like to make a phone call. ₰ b) I would, if there is time, liking to make a phone call.4. a) Beth may, with effort, to pass this course. b) Beth may, with effort, pass this course. ₰5. a) The flight should to be on time. b) The flight should be on time. ₰

6. a) The streets are wet; it must have rained last night. ₰b) the streets are wet; it should have rained last night.

7. a) This pen won’t write; it can have run out of ink.b) This pen won’t write; it must have run out of ink. ₰

8. a) The ring that I was looking at is gone; someone else must buy it. b) The ring that I was looking at is gone; someone else must have bought it. ₰

9. a) He doesn’t have his keys; he must locked them in his car.b) He doesn’t have his keys; he must have locked them in his car. ₰

10. a) I don’t see Martha anywhere; she must have left early. ₰b) I don’t see Martha anywhere; she must be left early.