Common Athletic Injuries

Contusions, Strains & Sprains

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Today’s TopicsToday’s Topics

Introduction to soft tissue injuriesIntroduction to soft tissue injuries Anatomical properties of soft tissuesAnatomical properties of soft tissues Mechanism of bruisesMechanism of bruises

& contusions& contusions Muscle strainsMuscle strains Ligament sprainsLigament sprains

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Introduction to Soft Tissue Introduction to Soft Tissue InjuriesInjuries

Soft tissues in the bodySoft tissues in the body Injuries common in athleticsInjuries common in athletics Evaluate ASAPEvaluate ASAP Open vs. closed soft tissue Open vs. closed soft tissue

injuriesinjuries

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Anatomical Properties of Soft Anatomical Properties of Soft TissueTissue

Collagenous tissuesCollagenous tissues Collagen: protein strong in resisting Collagen: protein strong in resisting

tensiontension

1. Configuration1. Configuration

2. Effect on fibers2. Effect on fibers

3. Strength & flexibility to tissues3. Strength & flexibility to tissues

4. Relatively inelastic 4. Relatively inelastic Elastin: protein which supplies elasticity Elastin: protein which supplies elasticity

to connective tissueto connective tissue

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Anatomical Properties of Soft Anatomical Properties of Soft TissueTissue

Skin: composed of 2 major Skin: composed of 2 major layerslayers

1. Epidermis1. Epidermis

2. Dermis2. Dermis

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Anatomical Properties of Soft Anatomical Properties of Soft TissueTissue

Tendons & ligaments compositionTendons & ligaments composition

1. Tendons: fiber arrangement 1. Tendons: fiber arrangement & & functional applicationfunctional application

2. Ligaments: fiber 2. Ligaments: fiber arrangement & arrangement & functional functional applicationapplication

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Aponeuroses1. Structure2.

Definition/function

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Anatomical Properties of Soft Anatomical Properties of Soft TissueTissue

MuscleMuscle

1. Organization/structure1. Organization/structure

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Anatomical Properties of Soft Anatomical Properties of Soft TissueTissue

MuscleMuscle

2. Characteristic properties2. Characteristic properties

a. extensibilitya. extensibility

b. elasticityb. elasticity

c. irritabilityc. irritability

d. contractility- concentric & d. contractility- concentric & eccentriceccentric

e. viscoelastice. viscoelastic

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Tissue StressTissue Stress TensionTension

CompressionCompression

ShearShear

BendingBending TorsionTorsion

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Skin Injury ClassificationsSkin Injury Classifications

AbrasionsAbrasions: caused by SHEAR when : caused by SHEAR when skin scraped by sufficient forceskin scraped by sufficient force

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Skin Injury ClassificationsSkin Injury Classifications

BlistersBlisters: repeated application of : repeated application of SHEAR SHEAR

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Skin Injury Classifications - Skin Injury Classifications - ContusionsContusions

Caused by which type of force? Caused by which type of force? Mechanism: blunt object strikes body & Mechanism: blunt object strikes body &

crushes tissue beneath the skincrushes tissue beneath the skin

1. Blood vessels tear1. Blood vessels tear

2. Blood & plasma leak into wound 2. Blood & plasma leak into wound areaarea

3. Results in localized pain3. Results in localized pain

4. Forms hematoma4. Forms hematoma

Most common location:Most common location:

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IncisionIncision LacerationLaceration AvulsionAvulsion PuncturePuncture

Broken Skin Injury Broken Skin Injury ClassificationsClassifications

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StrainsStrains

DefinitionDefinition Tissues involvedTissues involved MechanismsMechanisms

1. Overstretch1. Overstretch

2. Dynamic 2. Dynamic overloadoverload

3. Fatigue?3. Fatigue?

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StrainsStrains Degrees of severityDegrees of severity

1. 1st degree (mild): stretching 1. 1st degree (mild): stretching of of some fiberssome fibers

2. 2nd degree (moderate): 2. 2nd degree (moderate): stretching stretching & tearing of some & tearing of some fibersfibers

3. 3rd degree (severe): 3. 3rd degree (severe): complete tear complete tear or ruptureor rupture

Most common locationsMost common locations

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SprainsSprains

DefinitionsDefinitions Tissues involvedTissues involved MechanismMechanism

1. Joint is forced beyond 1. Joint is forced beyond normal normal anatomical limitsanatomical limits

2. Involves external force2. Involves external force

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SprainsSprains

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SprainsSprains

Degrees of severity Degrees of severity

1. 1st degree (mild): stretching 1. 1st degree (mild): stretching only - only - no loss of continuityno loss of continuity

2. 2nd degree (moderate): 2. 2nd degree (moderate): partial tearpartial tear

3. 3rd degree (severe): complete 3. 3rd degree (severe): complete rupture rupture of ligamentof ligament

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SummarySummary

Knowledge of tissue properties & Knowledge of tissue properties & forcesforces

Recognize mechanism of injury (MOI)Recognize mechanism of injury (MOI) Familiarize with normal joint Familiarize with normal joint

movements & limitsmovements & limits Recognize possible tissue involved by Recognize possible tissue involved by

knowledge of anatomyknowledge of anatomy