Commercial Satellite Navigation For Autonomy
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NASA Ames Research Center 2021-05-05 Tyler Reid, CTO Commercial Satellite Navigation For Autonomy
Transcript of Commercial Satellite Navigation For Autonomy
N A S A A m e s R e s e a r c h C e n t e r
2 0 2 1 - 0 5 - 0 5
Ty l e r R e i d , C TO
Commercial Satellite Navigation
For Autonomy
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Outline
Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy
Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems
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Outline
Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy
Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems
Strength through diversity4
Strength through diversity5
Strength through diversity
GEOLEO
MEO
506780
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Total Operational SatellitesNov 2016: 1419
HEO37
Strength through diversity6
Strength through diversity
GEOLEO
MEO
506562 780
2612
96139
Total Operational SatellitesNov 2016: 1419
Jan 2021:3372
HEO3759
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LEO Mega Constellations
On Orbit182
IOC648
IOC4425
On Orbit1
IOC298
IOC3236
Future 40k+
Future 6000+
Future 500+
On Orbit1382
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A Brief History of Navigation
GPS1996-Present
3 m
Transit1964-1996
25 m
Celestial/Chrono1770-1920
3000 m
Loran1940s-2010
460 m
?2025+
<0.30 m
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‘Moore’s Law’ of Navigation
Trend: 10x better accuracy every 30 years
2020s:Decade of the Decimeter
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Outline
Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy
Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems
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New Nav Drivers 14
Photo Credit: Jerami Martin
Autonomous Driving needs 10 cm, 95%30 cm, 10-9 / mile
Localization Perception Prediction Planning Control
Where am I?What’s
Around Me?
Where are they going?
Where should I go?
How do I get there?
Error
Autonomous Vehicles15
Localization Perception Prediction Planning Control
Localization is the foundation and has the strictest requirements
Where am I?What’s
Around Me?
Where are they going?
Where should I go?
How do I get there?
Error
Autonomous Vehicles16
Expectation for self-driving: Match the safety of other modes of mass
transportation
1 fatality per 10 billion miles
Safety in the Age of Autonomy19
T. G. R. Reid, S. E. Houts, R. Cammarata, G. Mills, S. Agarwal, A. Vora, and G. Pandey, “Localization Requirements for Autonomous Vehicles,” SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 173-190, 2019.
1 fatality / 108 miles
0.02 fatalities / 108 miles
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Target Level of Safety
Year
Lateral
Lo
ng
itu
din
al
Position can only be more
than 30 cm from truth onceevery billion miles of driving
Vehicle: 1 fatality / 10B mi = Localization: 1 failure / 1B mi
Physical Interpretation21
T. G. R. Reid, S. E. Houts, R. Cammarata, G. Mills, S. Agarwal, A. Vora, and G. Pandey, “Localization Requirements for Autonomous Vehicles,” SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 173-190, 2019.
250x Entire U.S. Road Network
A billion miles…29
Other modes of transportation
require the same level of safety, but
tolerate much larger position
errors
Why is this hard?32
Cameras
Radar & Ultrasonic
LiDAR
IMU
Wheel Speed
GNSS
Exclusively prepared for 1517, 27 February 2020.
Relative Localization
Absolute Localization
Vision
GNSS
LiDAR
Radar
Wheel Speed
IMU 1
IMU 2
10-8 / h
(ASIL D)
10-7 / h
10-7 / h
(ASIL B)
(ASIL B)
2x “independent” systems
How AVs know where they are37
Atmospheric Effects
Satellite Faults
Availability
GNSS Integrity =
Multipath Spoofing
Combine Faults From…
How to get the absolute branch to 10-741
Advanced Receivers and Augmentation Services
Atmospheric Effects
Satellite Faults
Availability Multipath Spoofing
GNSS Integrity =
Combine Faults From…
How to get the absolute branch to 10-742
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Outline
Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy
Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems
LEO PNT44
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Outline
Evolution in Aerospace & Navigation New Navigation Drivers: Autonomy
Commercial LEO PNT Xona Space Systems
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Commercial LEO PNT
~$0.50-1M(Satellite + Launch)
Satellites + Space Component
Production Lines
300 LEOs =
GPS DOP
GPS III ~$500M (Satellite + Launch)
10-100x Reduced Launch Costs
Xona Founding Team
XONA FOUNDERSJANUARY 2020
TYLER REID CTO
BRIAN MANNING CEO
BRYAN CHAN DIRECTOR OF BUINESS DEV
ADRIEN PERKINS DIRECTOR OF NAV SYSTEMS
KAZ GUNNING NAV ALGORITHMS LEAD
ANDREW NEISH COMMUNICATIONS LEAD
JERAMI MARTIN SATELLITE LEAD
PAUL TARANTINO DIRECTOR OF PM
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COTS buses & components
Falling launch costs
+
Products of the multi-billion $
GNSS constellations
Xona Navigation SignalPowerful. Protected.
Precise.
One the Shoulders of Giants54
Autonomous monitoring of multiple redundant inputsLeverages over $50B of global infrastructure
Xona Navigation SignalPowerful. Protected.
Precise.
Resilience needs Redundancy
Full GNSS-Independent OperationContinued operation at reduced accuracy level
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Resilience needs Redundancy
Strength in NumbersLow-cost platform can be rapidly manufactured and deployed. Operational capability in 1-2 launches.
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Architecture57
Orbit / Clock Determination
Radio Occultation
Precise Positioning
GNSS
LEO
Inter-Satellite
Monitoring
Only Xona’s satellite infrastructure can address challenges with availability, jamming, multipath, and spoofing.
Atmospheric Effects
Satellite Faults
Availability Multipath Spoofing
58How to get the absolute branch to 10-7
Weather Data
Ag/Surveying
MobileMarine & Rail
Aerospace
Autonomy
~2.5B GPS devices shipped each year by 2025.A LEO Layer Can Evolve With Commercial Demand On Short Timescales
AutomotiveDrones
Aerial Mobility
Defense
Source: GSA GNSS Market Report Issue 6, 2019
PNT as a Service59
Phase 136 Satellites
Phase 266 Satellites
Phase 3300 Satellites
Phase 0Local Networks
Precision Timing1 Local Mid Latitude2 >99% Global >99% | Mid Lat2
100%
Global 100%
Secure GNSS
Augmentation
Local Mid Latitude2 >99% Global >99% | Mid Lat2
100%
Global 100%
Independent Precision PNT Local - - Global 100%
2021 2024 2025 2027SERVICE AVAILABILITY
1. Stationary Users.2. Between 22 and 60 deg Latitude. Covers Continental US, EU, China, and other mid-latitude regions.
Roll Out Plan60
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Alpha (Demo) Mission
