Comm 1001 Chapter 4
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Transcript of Comm 1001 Chapter 4
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What is communication?
Scholars hold widely divergent views as towhat communication is and how we shoulduse theory.
Robert Craig suggests that communicationshould be viewed as a practical discipline;theory is developed to solve real worldproblems.
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7 traditions
Craig identifes seven established traditions ocommunication theory.
These traditions group theories by what they
do rather than by their philosophicalassumptions.
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The Socio-Psychological Tradition
Looks to predict and control human interaction.
ssumes that human behavior is caused! can be
predicted and discovered by careul observation
"ighly ob#ective relies on systematic testing andobserving
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The Socio-Psychological Tradition
Theorists check data through surveys orcontrolled e$periments! oten calling orlongitudinal empirical studies. %hat is a longitudinal study&
%hy is it good& %hat would it look like&
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The Cybernetic Tradition
Communication as a system o inormationprocessing.
Communication is the link among system
parts ' it is what connects system elements toone another.
These theories look at how to refne andimprove communication by balancingpredictability and uncertainty.
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The Rhetorical Tradition
(or rhetorical scholars the communicativeworld is ull o te$ts to analy)e.
The ocus is on *public address+ which fnds its
home in public speaking
The rhetorical tradition is highly interpretive
and seeks *how+ messages are aestheticallyand practically designed.
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Features of the Rhetorical Tradition
Speech distinguishes humans rom otheranimals.
confdence in the e,cacy o public address.
setting o one speaker addressing a largeaudience with the intention to persuade.
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Features of the Rhetorical Tradition
•
-ratorical training as the cornerstone o aleaders education.
• n emphasis on the power and beauty o
language to move people emotionally andstir them to action.
– /o we see these eatures in our world today&%here& %hen&
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The Semiotic Tradition
• Semiotics ' study o verbal and nonverbal signsthat stand or something else
•
(ocuses on the sharing omeaning0communicating via *signs+
• Signs are not connected to the e$ternal world
but used to represent it or people – %ords are a special kind o sign known as a symbol
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The Semiotic Tradition
1eanings dont reside in words or othersymbols! but in people. 1eaning is learned within a culture
The tradition is highly interpretive 2everyonemay have di3erent meanings or the samesign4
"ow does this in5uence communication&
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The Socio-Cultural Tradition
Communication creates reality and allows usto participate in that reality.
Culture produced and reproduced as peopletalk Sapir6%hor hypothesis
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
• The hypothesis has two versions
7. Linguistic determinism
%e are prisoners o our native language!
unable to think certain thoughts or perceivein certain ways because o the grammaticalstructure and le$icon o our language.
Language in5uences how we see the worldaround us
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
8. Linguistic relativity The grammar and le$icon o our nativelanguage powerully in5uences but does notimprison our thinking and perception.
Linguistic determinism is generallyunsupported
Thought can e$ist without words to describe it
nyone ever had a eeling0e$perience they wereunable to put into words& 9$. Sky diving! the gratitude you have or someone who
did you a huge avor
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The Socio-Cultural Tradition
:t is through language that reality is produced!maintained! repaired! and transormed.
ersons6in6conversation co6construct their
own social worlds "ow is this accomplished& %hat does it look like&
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The Critical Tradition
Critical theorists challenge three eatures ocontemporary society.
7. The control o language to perpetuate powerimbalances.
8. The role o mass media in dulling sensitivity torepression.
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The Critical Tradition
There is no ob#ective truth ' even *ob#ective+science is value6laden and has its own biases.
Communication is the tool to both create and
undo ine>uity. lack o airness or #ustice
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The Phenomenological Tradition
Communication is the e$perience o oneseland others in interaction.
9$periences are individual and uni>ue
eoples perceptions and interpretations o theirown sub#ective e$periences is important
%hy&
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The Phenomenological Tradition
9$periences 2and thereore meanings4 canonly be shared through *dialogue+ where themain ocus is to get to know one another.
henomenology reers to the intentionalanalysis o everyday lie rom the standpointo the person who is living it.
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The Phenomenological Tradition
henomenological tradition seeks to answertwo >uestions?
7. %hy is it so hard to establish and sustainauthentic human relationships&
8.
"ow can this problem be overcome&
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Mapping the Territory
Chapter 4
Dr. Richards