COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3....
Transcript of COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3....
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COMIC MNEMONICS
t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS
Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish language
Alacan Publishing San Diego, California
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Alacan Publishing
sales®alacanpublis hing.corn www.glass house press.corn www.alacanpublishing.corn
Copyright© 2004 Glass House Press
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without perm iss ion in writing from the publisher, exce ptfor inclusion ofbri ef
quotations in a review.
Published in the United States by Glass House Press
ALACAN PUBLISHING is an imprint of Glass House Press. The Alacan Publishing name and logo are trademarks of Glass House Press.
COMIC MNEMONICS title is a trademark of Glass House Press.
The following trademarks appear in this book: Levi's, Cone heads, Coca-Cola
Book Design by Arrow Graphics Cover Design by George Foster
Redesign by OneThousandMinds Studio
Sarris,)irn Corn ic Mnernon ics/J irn Harris
illustrations: Patricia Nacher
ISBN-13: 978-0-9749096-3-9 E-IS BN: 978-0-9749096-0-8
LCCN: 20040902624
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper 14 13 12 1110 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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COMIC MNEMONICS
I= OR SPANISI-I VERBS
Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish Language
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
How to Use This Book
Ill
List of Verbs
IV
Verb Illustrations
and Practice Exercises
1
Review of Tenses
201
Quick Reference
211
Answer Key
215
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INTRODUCTION Comic. Mnemonics?
Here are some well-known facts: 60% of us are visual learnerswe benefit from graphics, charts, and diagrams in processing and retaining information. Thirty percent of us are auditory learners -we need to hear something to keep it in our mind. By combining both approaches, we can dramatically increase our ability to memorize and later retrieve the information studied. Comic Mnemonics takes advantage of both styles to do just that, and to give the Spanish student what they need to succeed.
Named by the Greeks for memory training 2,500 years ago, mnemonics are methods, devices, or even mental tricks for improving memory. The principle behind the process is to create a cue that a person associates with what needs to be learned. Many mnemonics are part of everyday culture, such as "I before E except after C" and "Spring ahead, fa[[ back." A growing body of recent research indicates that these devices greatly add to memory retention, and can be used in a wide variety of situations.
Mnemonics don't necessarily need to rhyme: "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (the order of operations in math: parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction). Nor do they need to be especially intellectual: "Eat An Aspirin After A NaffSandwich (the continents: Europe, Antarctica, Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, and South America). They just need to make a connection that allows the student to retain and later access the information more easily. In Comic Mnemonics, we go one step further; the visual image adds to the mnemonic and gives the student an extra device for remembering and retrieving the information.
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Some visu8ls 8nd phr8ses m8y be more helpful th8n others. Over the ye8rs, I h8ve found th8t some students found them useful. Sometimes the students who thought 8 p8rticulm visu8l W8S ridiculous ended up remembering it, just bec8use they didn't like it.
How Does the Process Work? A student sits down to write 8n ess8y 8nd c8n't remember the verb for "to sleep." H8ving pmcticed with Comic Mnemonics, she will be 8ble to cue not only on the visu8l of someone sleeping, but 8lso on the phmse "Norm sleeps in the dorm." And therein lies the 8nswer- dormir.
The process works for re8ding 8S well 8S writing. The S8me student is re8ding 8nd comes 8cross the word "8lc8nzm." The verb cues the phmse "Al C8n re8ch his buddy H8l," which cues the visu8l. Ag8in the 8nswer- to re8ch.
Who Should Try This Book? Comic Mnemonics is for 8nyone who w8nts or needs 8nother W8Y to ret8in English 8nd Sp8nish tr8nsl8tions, beyond f\8sh C8rds. It is intended to supplement- not repL9ce- tmdition8l voc8buL9 ry development, 8nd offer 8ltern8tive W8ys to move between Sp8nish 8nd English.
How to Get the Most Oyt of This Book Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring to the verbs you need 8t the moment, or the ones th8t const8ntly give you trouble. There's 8listofverbs 8tthe end of the book. Review the list quickly to see wh8t verbs you need to pmctice 8nd which ones you 8lre8dy know. Then get st8rted.
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~OWTOUSE
T~IS BOOK On the main page Students have both the visual and mnemonic phrase to look at and assimilate. The verb and definition are centered at the top in large, bold print, along with the key phrase. A small drawing at the top right of each page gives the phonetic pronunciation of the verb. This little drawing can also be used to leaf through the book and conduct a quick quiz without looking at the whole page. At the bottom of the main page are the conjugations in the present and past tense (you'll find a more extensive grammar review at the end of the book). For each verb, the mnemonic phrase serves as a caption below the illustration.
On the following page The main visual is repeated, along with some practice exercises. Practice conjugating the verb in Spanish and recalling the translation in English. Supplement these exercises with Comic
Mnemonic flashcards for extra study and practice.
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LIST OF VERBS Abrir Alcanzar Almorzar Alqu ilar Aprender
Arreglar Asistir Atender Ayudar Bailar
Beber Buscar Caerse Cambiar Caminar
Cantar Cenar Cerrar Cocinar Comenzar
Comer Comprar Comprender Conducir Conocer
Construir Contestar Correr Cortar Creer
Cruzar Cubrir Dar Decir De jar
Descansar Despertarse Dormir Durar Encontrar
Enfermarse Escribir Escuchar Esperar Estudiar
Evitar Fumar Ganar Gastar Gritar
Hablar Hacer lr )ugar Levantarse
Lavarse Leer Limpiar Llamar Llegar
Llevar Mandar Meter M1rar Nadar
Odiar orr Pagar Parar Pedir
Pegar Pensar Perder Poner Preguntar
Pro meter Querer Recibir Recordar Robar
Saber Sa car Salir Saludar Subir
Suspender Tener Term1nar Tirar To car
Tomar Trabajar Traer Vender Venir
Ver V1ajar V1vir Volar Volver
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ABRIR to open
KI:YWORD:
abracadabra . .. open abrir
A bra ca dab ra, a bra ca day .. . ope 11 the door r 19 ht a wa yl
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AEORIR
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ALCANZAR to reach
KliYWORD:
Al can ... reach a lea nza r
Al can reach h1s buddy Hal.
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ALCANZAR
TI-lES PRESSESNT TESNSES TI-lES PREST!;;.RJTES TESNS!;;.
Ella ______ la pelota. Mario la botella.
Nosotros las Los ninos no los
llaves. dulces.
Ud. no los
2apatos. Tu ______ los premios.
tu el a utobus? entradas?
ellas las
Yo ______ los papeles. Yo no ______ la caja .
. 4.
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ALMORZAR ·hl~m·:r-zah, to eat lunch ~
KliYWORD: ~ Al More . .. eats lunch almorzar
Al More eats lunch w1th AI Less.
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ALMORZAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo a las dos.
Nosotros no en ------[a cafeteria.
Ella ______ con Miguel.
i _______ Uds. en [a
tienda?
TU ______ conmigo.
[ LOM:/TiHE J
s·v;
. 6.
-I " '
Juan no _______ ayer.
La semana pasada tu ____ _
en cas a.
Yo con mi familia.
Ellos tarde.
Pedro no con sus amigos .
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ALQUILAR to rent KI:YWORD:
Al Key . .. rents a lq u 1la r
Al Key rents cars from Mars.
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ALQUILAR
Ella e[ coche. Ayer el ______ [a cas a.
Ellos no [a moto. Nosotros las [uces.
i _______ tu la pelfcula? i Ud. [a ------computadora?
Nosotros _____ [a maquina. Yo el telefono m6vil.
Yo el autobus. Ellas el barco.
. 8 .
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APR ENDER •h-p~·~"-d·h· tolearn ~
KI:YWORD:
a p prent1ce .. . learns ~prender
The a p pre ht1 c e learns to be a de nt1 st.
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APRI:NDI:R
Yo mucho en Los estu d i antes -------[a dase. del libro nuevo.
Ella s no na da
con [a profesora nueva. Yo ______ poco.
Nosotros de [a
telev is i 6 n. i ------ e[ de su padre?
tu en [a escuela? Miguel ______ los verbos.
Pablo no sino Tu ______ espanol con
estudia. tus padres.
. 10.
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ARREGLAR •h-,·~:~·h· to fix ~ .~m K~YWORD: ~
a r e 9 u la r ... fix a rregla r
Meyer can't fix 1t w1th a regular t1 re.
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ARRI:GLAR
Anoche nosotros E[ el coche.
[a banera.
Nosotros e[
cuarto. M i padre ______ e[ ho rno.
Uds. no las
tuberfas. tu [a ventana?
ella el as unto? Los mednicos no
e[ motor.
TU [a moto. Yo ______ [a computadora.
. 12.
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ASISTIR to attend
KI:YWORD:
assistant ... attends asistir
The assistant, joe Best, attends the games
formally dressed.
~
PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yoasisto
TQ asistes
EVE{{a/Ud. asiste
Nosotros asistimos
Vosotros as istrs
E{{OS/E{{as /Ud . :r ' s. as 1St en
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ASISTIR
Ella al concierto.
Uds. -------ala opera.
Yo ala clase. TU no a la reu ni6n.
i _______ eUos a la Los profesores ______ al
fiesta? debate.
Tu albaile. ella a la ceremonia?
Nosotros no _______ a
la conferencia. Yo no albauti2o.
.14.
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ATEN DE R ~h:'·hn~.h. to attend to ~
K'I:YWORD:
attendant ... attends to ate nde r
The attendant attends to people's nounshrnent.
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A TENDER
El a los Ellos no a los pacientes. padres.
Elias a los ni nos. Yo a los estudiantes.
Tu ______ a los jefes. i ______ tu a los pilotos?
i _______ Uds. a los El jefe no ______ a los
p rofes ores? dientes.
Yo no a los Nosotros ______ a los
enfermos. invitados .
. 16.
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AYUDAR ____ t_o_h_e....~lPL......-___ --~
KEYWORD: ~ ay you ... help ayudar
Ay you, a little help with my hairdo!
P,o ~ 'I"..Esr:NTT,
Yo ayudo f::Nsr:
Tu ayudas
fVEIIa/Ud · ayuda Nosotros ayud
v, amos osotros ayudais
Ellos/EIIas;ud s. ayudan
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AYUDAR
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
TU en [a dase. E[ no ______ ayer.
Ella no a su N osotros durante ------padre. [a fiesta.
ellos a los
amigos? Uds. anoche?
Nosotros con
el trabaJO. Yo ami hermano.
Yo no con [a Tu a tu madre. tarea.
. 18 .
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BAILAR ~., d (i.\ ____ t_o_a_n_c_e ____ l;;h
KliYWORD:
bailari na ... dances ba ila r
I! -F,/ ,, .
Manna, the bailar1na, dances.
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BAILAR
TI-IS. PR6SSNT TSNSS
Ella sola. Ellos ______ juntos.
Nosotros [a
bamba. Yo [a salsa.
Yo con mi novia. ______ Juan con su
madre?
i _______ tu durante [a Nosotros no en
fiesta? e[dub.
Ud. todos los Las chicas en [a
dfas. cas a .
. 20.
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BEBER to drink
KliYWORD:
bebe . .. drinks beber
The bebe drinks a latte.
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BEBER
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo no Coca-Cola. E[ no _______ [a sangria.
Ellas los Nosotros mucho
refrescos. jugo de mamana.
tu la leche? Ellas no con los
ninos.
Nosotros ______ agua
tod os los d fa s. i ______ tu e[ vaso de agua?
Mano[o no _______ por
[a manana. Yo no ______ elchampan.
. 22.
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~ BUSCAR . ~-rfL to look for -~~
KliYWORD:
bus . .. looks for busca r
Gus looks for the bus.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yobusc0
TQ buscas
EVEtla/l.ld. busca
Nosotros busca~nos Vosotros busc~is
Ellos/EIIas/Ud b v' s. uscan
.1....61=:=~--
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BUSCAR
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
las [[aves. Yo no [a informacion.
Yo mi libro. Ella _______ a Pepe.
i _______ ellos el mapa? tu los libros?
Nosotros [a Mi amigo no _______ su
casa. raqueta.
Sus primos ______ las Mario su -------coche. fotos.
. 24.
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CAERSE to fall down
KliYWORD:
Caesar ... falls down caerse
Every day, Caesar falls down the same sta1rway.
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CAE:RSE:
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo ______ en e[ jardfn. Anoche yo ______ en [a calle.
Ella en [a casa. Nosotros en [a nieve.
Nosotros cada Uds. esta manana.
manana.
Ellos no ______ por [a
escalera. i ______ Jose por [alluvia?
tu mucho? Tu la semana
pas ada .
. 26.
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CAMBIAR _______ t_o_c_h_a_n~g_e ______ ~
KI:YWORD:
combo ... changed camb1ar
No way! The school changed the combo a ga 1 n today!
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CAMBIAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ellas no el
dinero. Yo no [a fecha.
N~~rns ~ ------ Mis amigos _______ los
pa nta lo nes. regalos.
Yo ______ el reloj. tQ las camisas?
telev is i ones?
e[ las E[ _______ los papeles.
TQ elnQmern ------de telefo no.
Uds. no los lib ros.
.28.
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CAMINAR to walk
KI:YWORD:
camel. .. walks c.a m 1 na r
Mark walks h 1s camel 1 n the park.
L . j
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CAMINAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Nosotros a[
parque. Yo ______ por [a playa.
Ellos a [a tie nda. Ella no _______ n:ipido.
ella a [a
escuela? Uds. a[ cine?
Ti.i con tus Tu ______ con tu perro.
Uds. no a[ Nosotros con [a
centro. policfa.
. 30.
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CAN TAR to s•ng KliYWORD:
can't ... sing cantar
. , Bing can't StnQ.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yo canto
Tucantas
EVEtta/l.ld. canta
Nosotros ca nta tnos
Vosotros Cant~ is Ellos/EIIas/Uds c
v' · <~ntan
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CAN TAR
Ella en el coro. Ellos anoche en Ia fiesta.
Uds. ______ en espanol. Ud. ______ con sus amigos
ayer.
Yo no ______ porIa
manana. i ______ Miguel en Ia clase?
_______ tu en Ia ducha? Nosotros Ia nueva canci6n.
Nosotros ______ muy Yo ______ muy mal durante
bien. el concierto .
. 32.
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CENAR to eat dinner
KliYWORD:
cent1 pede ... eating dinner cenar
Cent1pedes eating dinner.
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CENAR
TI-lES PRESSS.NT TESNSS. TI-lES PRESTESRJTES TESNSS.
Yo con mi
familia. Tu ______ mucho ayer.
Ellas _______ muy tarde. Ud. ______ con sus padres
anoche.
Uds. no en el ellos en e[
resta u ra nte. comedor?
e[ con su
novia? Yo ______ muy temprano.
Nosotros ______ pasta Mis primos no _____ _
tod as [as noches. juntos .
. 34.
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CERRAR to close
KliYWORD:
certainly ... closed cerrar
He certainly closed that door for sure!
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CERRAR
Ella no (a Yo no (a ma(eta.
puerta.
Tu ellibro despues de leer.
ellos (a never a?
Yo (a ventana Nosotros (a cuando tengo frfo. carters.
i -------e( (a caja? E( e( microondas.
Nosotros Ia casa.
TU ______ el cajon.
.36.
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CO CINAR to cook
K'I:YWORD:
Coca-Cola· ... cooks coc1nar
Lola cooks us1ng Coca-Cola!
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COCINAR
TI-lES PRESSESNT TESNSES TI-lES PREST!;;.RJTES TESNS!;;.
Ella lacarne. Mario anoche.
Nosotros las Los n i nos no los ------patatas. huevos.
Ud. no mucho. Ud. ______ para ella.
tu todos los
dias? l ______ tu hamburguesas?
Yo con mi madre. Yo no esta manana.
. 38.
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CO MENZAR koh-~·hn-sahr to begin ~"'l'-~
KliYWORD: ~ commence ... begin comenzar
"Aa h! Commence ... bcsin, 1t's all the sa me you d1ng-a-l1ng!"
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COMENZAR
j,E.G'\1'\
co~ THE 1ESfA~ • I t'
Ella _____ _Ia clase ahora.
Nosotros ______ Ia
lecci6n a las dos.
Tu ellibro manana.
ellos el concierto?
Yo mi curso Ia semana que viene.
. 40.
."·:"' ~:··
El el examen hace cinco minutos.
Ellos a escribir el poema.
i ______ tu el proyecto?
Nosotros ______ a trabajar
en el jardfn.
Yo ______ el ensayo con mi
profesor.
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COMER to eat KliYWORD:
com ... eating comer
\ www. eot•nt·COM I </:' ¢- ~ !e ~ ~~~~\,'\M ~u.uw
www.eatins.com
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COMI:R
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
Yo a las tres.
Ellos no frutas.
Ud. los
postres?
Nosotros los
pasteles.
Ella con su padre.
. 42.
N osotros los
tacos.
ellos a las seis?
Miguel no ______ [a carne.
Los ninos
vegetales.
Yo
de [a fiesta.
los
toda [a comida
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COMPRAR kDhm;,~· tobuy -~ KliYWORD: ~~
computer ... buys compra r
My tutor ~a computer.
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COMPRAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo ______ [a ropa en [a Tu ______ [a computadora
tienda. para Ana.
Ellos no comida
en e[ supermercado. Ellos no ______ e[ reloj.
W6nde tu los Elena [a casa?
zapatos?
Nosotros no _____ _ Yo el b illete a
nada los domingos. Espana.
Ella su coche Los estudia ntes ______ _
manana. sus libros ayer.
. 44.
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coM PR E:N DE: Rohm:~'-hn-dehr to understand (flf
KI:YWORD:
comprehend ... understand comprender
Understand ... com pre he nd ... 1t's all the
same 1n the end!
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COMPRENDER
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella no na d a. Yo no ______ lo que ella
dijo.
Nosotros todo ------ Ud. ______ el significado
[o que dice e[ profesor. del mensaje.
Uds. las
matemilti cas. Nosotros [a lecci6n.
tLila tu el nuevo
situaci6n? concepto?
Yo ______ que hay un Los estu d i antes
problema. elanuncio.
. 46.
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CONDUCIR kohn-:~o-... , todrive ~
KliYWORD:
conductor ... drives conducir
c::=--=--= - -==--=--- .:=:
:_f~· [{:: ~W~r> ~~
~
The conductor driyes the Instructors.
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CONDUCIR
/NSJ
~-
Ella ______ por (a
noche. Uds. a( concierto.
Yo no ______ porque me
da miedo. Yo a Ia escuela.
Ellos ______ a( parque. Ella (a ambulancia.
i _______ Ud. e( coche
grande? tu toda Ia noche?
Tu no contu Marta y Juan ______ a
padre. Florida.
. 48.
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CONOCER koh:~Oh-seh, to know ci;l
KliYWORD:
Cone heads• ... knows conocer
Ed knows the Cone heads.·
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CONOCER
Yo ______ a( presidente.
Ella no a su profesor.
Nosotros _____ _
Boston muy bien
ellos un restaurante bueno?
Tu ______ a! jefe del
departamento.
. 50.
Nosotros a un actorfamoso ayer.
Ella no------- a( due flo del hotel.
W6nde tu a Juan?
Yo a Ana en una fiesta.
Ellos a( medico anoche .
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CONSTRUIR kohn:.:~ .. to build 8~"--
KiiYwoRo:
constructed ... building construir
"I constructed th1s buildinQ w1th gold gdd1ng.
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CONSTRUIR
Ellos casas delujo.
Nosotros un castillo en Ia arena.
Pedro ______ elgimnasio
primero.
iD6nde tu el proyecto?
Yo mi tiempo libre.
mucho en
Ella ______ Ia pared detras
de su casa.
ellos los hoteles en Ia playa?
Yo las sillas en mi sala.
Miguel no _______ las camas.
Nosotros un restaurante en el centro .
. 52.
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contestant ... answers contesta r
The contestant answers the quest1ons.
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CONTESTAR
Ella no (a Uds. Ia carts.
pregunta.
Nosotros ______ en
ingles. iCuando ______ tu a! jefe?
i -------ellos a tiempo? Yo no e( telefono.
Tu ______ una pregunta
diffcil. Mi amigo------- (a Uamada.
Yo a menu do en Nosotros las Ia dase. peticiones .
. 54.
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CORRER to run KliYWORD:
corridor ... !J:U! correr
"Don't lJUl. 1n the corr1dor, son!"
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CORRER
Ella no en e( Elias en (a ca rrera.
parque.
Nosotros cada manana.
E( _______ con su equipo.
iCuando ellos? un marat6n.
Yo con mis amigos.
iA que hora ______ Uds.?
Tu ______ muy rapido. Yo antes de ira (a escuela .
. 56.
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CORTAR to cut KliYWORD:
cord ... £!!! corta r
"Don'tW the cord, my Lord!"
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CORTAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo ______ e[ papel. Tu no e[ dedo.
E[ no ______ [a pi22a. iQue ellos?
iCuil ndo tu el
diseno? Yo los cables.
Nosotros [a M is abuelos su ------ ------cuerda por [a tarde. pelo.
Uds. [a madera. Nosotros los la2os.
. 58.
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CREER to believe
KliYWORD:
believe creepy ... ...__ creer
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yocreo Tucrees
EVEtla/lki. cree Nosotros creernos
Vosotros creeis
E«os/Eitas/Uds. creen
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CREER
Yo no (a historia. Ud. ______ (a explicaci6n.
Ellos ______ a Miguel. TU Ia carts.
Nosotros ______ a(
profesor. ellos (a novels?
tu Ia excusa? Yo no Ia informacion.
Ella no a su marido.
Marta _______ (o que oy6.
. 60.
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CRUZAR to cross
KI:YWORD:
cru1se ... crosses c.ruzar
The cru 1 se s h 1 p crosses the ocean.
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CRUZAR
Marcos Ia calle. Ella Ia carretera.
Nosotros no el Uds. _______ el patio.
puente.
i ellos el -------sendero?
Mario eiAtlantico?
Nosotros el Tu Ia ciudad.
aparcamiento.
Uds. ______ el campo. Yo ______ Ia pista.
. 62.
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CUBRIR to cover
KliYWORD:
cubs ... covers cubrir
Mother bear coyers her cubs With care.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yocubro
Tucubres
EVEtla/Ud. Cubre
Nosotros Cubrirnos
Vosotros Cubrrs
Ellos/EIIas/Uds c b · u ren
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CUBRIR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Nosotros [a
cama. E[ _______ elba reo ayer.
Ella el coc he. i ______ tu el patio?
tu el sofa? Ellos [a
computadora.
Uds. las Nosotros los
bicidetas. papeles.
Yo no [a mesa. Yo la nevera.
.64.
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DAR to give KliYWORD:
darts ... qive dar
"Hey Bart,~ me the darts!"
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DAR
[ l>i~R.TS I
le
Ellos su dinero Nosotros ______ el coche
a la igles ia. a Jose.
Nosotros las Ella comida a los camisas a los vecinos. pobres.
i _______ ella su tares Yo no la informacion a la profesora? ala policia.
Yo ______ mis zapatos i ______ Uds. las (laves a
ami hermana. Miguel?
Tu ______ ayuda a tus TU elaniUo a tu novia.
companeros.
. 66.
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DECIR to say (to tell)
KI:YWORD:
decir ... said dec1r
"If I've said 1t once, I've said 1t a thousand t1 mes. Deci r 1 s 12 ~(and to tell at t1mes).
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DI:CIR
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo [a verdad. Ellos ______ que e[ examen
es hoy.
Ella no nada
i mporta nte. iQue ______ tu a[ profesor?
Nosotros ______ hola Ud. ______ que ella es
a las personas. simpiltica.
i _______ ellos que soy N osotros ad i6s a [
malo? em plea do.
TU ______ que manana
va allover. Yo no una mentira.
. 68.
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DEJAR to leave behind
KI:YWORD:
dee jay .. . leaves behind depn
The dee jay leaves behind h 1s ha 1 rs pray.
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DE:JAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
[a bo[sa en
[a mesa.
Nosotros los za patos en e[ a rma rio.
Yo no ______ [a comida
en mi plato.
i _______ ellos las fotos
en e[ suelo?
Ella las monedas por [a casa.
. 70.
Yo no
en el coche.
Ellos en [a cas a.
0 t . .1"
[a dmara
[as d i recc io nes
Ud. no [a
ca[culadora en [a dase.
i ______ tu la puerta
abierta?
W6nde Ana las toa[[as?
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DI:SCANSAR dehs::"-'•hr torest '!!!';7 KI:YWORD: _J
desk ... rests desc~ ns~ r
Wes rests on h1s desk.
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DESCANSAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella en una
hamaca. Ella no a noche.
Nosotros no ------por la manana.
Uds. en [a sala.
en [a clase. lCuilndo tu?
W6nde _______ ellos
despues del dfa? Yo toda [a manana.
Yo no en mi Elena no antes de
casa. cocinar.
. 72.
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KI:YWORD:
desperately ... wake up des pe rta rse
Andy desperately tr1ed to wqke up Mandy.
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DE:.S PE:.RTARSE:.
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo a las siete. Ellas ______ temprano
esta manana.
Ella no ______ temprano. Tu antes de las
siete.
TU ______ antes que
los demils. iCuilndo Juan?
iA que hora ______ _
Marco? Yo no ______ tarde ayer.
Uds. antes N osotros tarde los ------que yo. domingos.
. 74.
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DORMIR to sleep
KI:YWORD:
dorm ... sleeps dorm 1 r
Norm sleeps In the dorm.
~
PRsssNT TSNss Yod!4errno
TQ d!4errnes
EVE{{a/ud. d!4errne
Nosotros dorrnirnos
Vosotros dorrnrs
E((oS/E((as/uds. d!4errnen
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DORMIR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo mucho. Ella no nada
anoche.
Ellos no na da
los fines de sema na. Tu no en [a cama.
Uds. ocho horas
cada noche. Uds. bien?
tu con los Yo en el sofa.
nifios?
Nosotros ______ muy Nosotros con los
poco en mi casa. perros .
. 76.
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DURAR to last KliYWORDa
durable . .. last durar
--2000 BC
Durable th1 ngs .lau, forever.
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DURAR
--2000 BC
1995
El concierto Mario hasta las mucho tiempo. seis.
Nosotros ______ poco Los niflos no ni cuando corremos. cinco minutos.
Ud. no hasta el final. Uds. -------mas que yo.
Los hermanos _____ _ La clase hasta cinco horas. muytarde
Yo ______ hasta que el
timbre suena. Yo no todala noche.
. 78.
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ENCO NTRAR •hn:o~n-... h, to find ;.,ar KliYWORD:
encounter. .. firul encontrar
''Encounter to fiJ:uL 1t's all the sa me 1n my m1nd!"
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I:NCONTRAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellos [as [[aves
en [a ca[[e. Yo no [a ca[[e.
Nosotros ______ [a Nosotros [a
respuesta en [a [ectu ra. pizzerfa.
ella [a
i nformaci6n? Tu tu ca rtera.
Yo no ______ [o que
busco. Elena s u bolso?
TU ______ el numero
de telefo no. Ella s no [a fiesta.
. 80.
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E.N F='E. RMA RS E. •n:::hr-mahr-se
togetsick i__ KI:YWORD:
infirmary ... get sick enferma rse
When you get sick, get to the infirmary q u 1ck.
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E.NJ=E.RMARSE.
Yo no El cuando estudi6 frecuentemente. todala noche.
Ella cuando Elias no en Alaska.
trabaja mucho.
Nosotros cad a Yo tres veces en invierno. un mes.
i _______ tu mientras i ______ Ud. despues de
trabajas? comer?
Ellos cuando esqufan.
TU no en mi casa.
. 82.
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.. :<~ ~ -~~~··
ESCRIBIR to write .._~ifF!.- I
------------------------------------------ ~ KliYWORD:
scribbles ... writes escribir
M1ke scribbles when he writes.
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ESCRIBIR
Nosotros Ellas no a sus
muchas ca rtas. amigas.
Yo ami madre. Yo la nota.
Ellos no a nadie. i nstru cc i ones?
Maria las
i _______ tu una ca rta El no el nombre de
a tu familia? la p rofeso ra.
El no ellibro. N osotros las letra s ------en la pi2a rra .
. 84.
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ESCUCI-IAR ·:kD"~h.h, to listen to Jt:
KliYWORD:
esc uses ... listen to escuchar
J)ete ... ti.oft.. for -+~ ..,;H,. r.o ~owworlr.
e.stuse">..-No '
/
Ms. Chuses doesn't listen to escuses.
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ESCUCI-IAR
})etel\..t~ for .f'M~ wi~l
1\.0 ~owworl-.
tJo E.St\JS~~ ,----
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella musica
durante el dfa. ellos las noti cia s?
Yo no musica
cliisica. Yo no nada anoche.
Nosotros el ------ru ido por [a venta na.
Ella a[ ni flo.
Uds. las Nosotros los
palabras del pres idente. ma nd atos del j efe.
tu la television? Tu el a nuncio.
. 86.
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ESPERAR to wait for
KliYWORD:
es press ... waits for espera r
Only Mr. Lane waits for the espress tra1n.
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ESPERAR
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
Ella el a utob us. El dos horas
anoche.
Yo no las tu un cafe?
noticias.
TU irala
iglesia. Yo ______ el tren ayer
ellos una Pablo recibir el
[[amada? dinero.
Nos otros una Los campesinos ______ _
respuesta. [alluvia.
. 88 .
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ESTUDIAR ···:::d~"'. tostudy ~
KliYWOR!D1 ~ students ... study estudia r
The students study w1th the1r budd1es.
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ESTUDIAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Nosotros _____ _ Yo no anoche.
juntos.
TU no mucho. Cada manana ella
los verbos.
el con su Nosotros no en [a ------amigo? biblioteca.
Yo todos los Los amigos ______ despues
dfas. de [a escuela.
Ellos los
domingos. l ______ tu para elexamen?
. 90.
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EVITAR to avoid
KliYWORDa
vitamins ... avoid evitar
The tw1ns avoid the1rvitarn1ns.
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EVITAR
Ellos el Ella el cuarto problema. oscuro.
Tu la situaci6n. Nosotros ______ la sala
grande.
Nosotros las Elgato ______ la fiesta.
grasas.
i _______ ella la tu la ofici na televisi6n1 del director?
Yo los dulces. Yo i r al concierto .
. 92.
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J=UMAR to smoke
KliYWORD:
fumes ... smokinq fumar
The fumes from h 1s smoki11Q cause c ho k1 ng.
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J=UMAR
Ellos no nunca. Ella _______ tres veces ayer.
Yo no los fines TU no ______ durante la
de semana. clase.
El cuando est9 Yo detras del en una fiesta. edificio.
i _______ tu con los Paco una vez en la amigos? vida.
Nosotros los cigarros.
Mis tfos ______ una pipa.
. 94.
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GANAR to Win KliYWORD:
gangster ... ~ ganar
. a ha rnste r. The gangster .i1Ul11
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yoga no
T!iganas
EVEila/lJd. gana
Nosotros ganatnos
~sotros gan~is E«os/E((as/Uds. ganan
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GANAR
Tu ______ el premio. El _______ el campeonato.
Nosotros no ______ el Uds. no _______ porque
regalo. Uega ron tarde.
Yo ______ porque Nosotros el coche practico mucho. nuevo.
Ellos enel Yo un osito de sorteo. peluche.
i _______ ella la beca al i ______ ellos la medaUa
extranjero? de oro?
. 96.
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GASTAR ~ .. sn~ _______ t_o_s~p~e_n_d _______ ~-
KiiYwoRo,
gas ... spends gastar
Marna Cass spends too much on gas.
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GAS TAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellas mucho lEn que _______ tu el
dinero. dinero?
TU no ______ todoen Ella todo en el
un dfa. parq ue de atracciones.
Nosotros ______ el Nosotros [a mitad
salario en el supermercado. en Las Vegas.
el su sueldo Los profesores ______ su
en ropa? tiempo repasando [a lecci6n.
Yo ______ muy poco. Yo ______ mi tiempo
estu d i a ndo .
. 98.
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GRITAR to shout
KliYWORD:
grits ... shouts grita r
Mama shouts, "Grits!" to the n1tw1ts.
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GRITAR
n
Yo no ______ a mis El cuando vio el hijos. coche nuevo.
Ellos cuando Yo a los ladrones estan enfadados. que robaron mi casa.
Tu cada manana. Nosotros cuando vimos el precio.
Nosotros no ______ si i ______ ellos ayer en Ia
no hay problemas. fiesta?
i _______ ella a sus Mi compaflero _____ cuando estudiantes? el conductor fren6 .
. 100.
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I-IABLAR ?)!t? ______ t_o_s~p_ea_k ______ ~~~&;r
K~YWORD: ~~~~
bla .. bla .. bla ... speaking ha bla r
''Bla .. bla .. bla ... stop speak ins l1ke your ma !"
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~ABLAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
TU no ______ ingles Ella no con Esteban
bien. ayer.
dfas. Ellos tod os los
i ______ tu con [a policfa?
Yo cinco Ana y yo ______ con los
idiomas. padres.
i _______ Ud. espanol? Uds. con los
estudia ntes?
Nosotros ______ poco
porla manana. Yo con los vecinos.
. 102.
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AR ~ --I-I~C_E_~. to do, to make ~ KliYWORDa
hackers ... .d,Q, hacer
Computer hackers .dR. bad th1ngs to me and you.
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I-IACI:R
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellas no [a ta rea. E[ no _______ nada para
ayudar.
Yo no ______ los planes Uds. mucho el dfa
para [a dase. de [a boda.
Nosotros ______ el pan Nosotros [a
para [a fiesta. presentaci6n ayer.
tu una vis ita i ______ Pepe el flan para
a[ hos pita[? [a fiesta?
Ud. no el
proyecto. Yo ______ todo lo posible.
. 104.
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IR togo
KliYWORDa
v1rgos ... goes 1r
Everyone a2'1 to Virgos.
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IR
______ tu anoche1 ru a la playa con !Ad6nde
Miguel
Ellos no conmigo EUos ______ con sus
hoy. padres.
elala biblioteca1
Yo no ______ a casa.
Yo no muy Elequipo ______ a(
temprano. campeonato.
Nosotros todos Los perros ______ a(
los vera nos. bosque. • .106.
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JUGAR to play KI:YWORD:
juggles ... ~ JUga r
Wh1le others~~ Pablo juggles away.
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JUGAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Nosotros no al El _______ ayer con el
beisbol. equipo.
Yo todos los
dfas. Tu a las ca rtas.
Ella no ______ hoy. l Por que no ______ Antonio
en el partido?
tu est a tarde? Yo no anoche.
Ellos no ______ porque Nosotros en el
no tienen tiempo. parque .
. 108.
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LAVARSE to wash
KliYWORD:
lavatory ... washes lava rse
Corey washes up In the lavatory.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yornetav0
Tutetavas
EVEtta/l.ld. se lava
Nosotros nos Ia va rnos Vosotros os lavcfis
Ellos/EIIas/Uds s l v' · e a van
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LAVARSE:
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ellos antes de Uds. la cara en [a
comer. bafiera.
los dientes. E[ no bien anoche.
Nosotros ______ el pelo. Yo no ______ ayer.
ella [as ma nos? lCuilndo ______ tu los pies?
Yo ______ cuando estoy Los gatos ______ en el
SUCIO. agua.
. 110.
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LEER to read
KI:YWORD:
Lee ... reads leer
Lee reqds more than me.
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LEER
Ella todas las EUos elanuncio noches. en la puerta.
Nosotros ______ los Yo no ______ el peri6dico
libros c6micos. esta mal'la na.
i _______ eUos los Nosotros ______ lo que
cuentos1 pas6.
Tu no mucho. iCuando tu el artfculo1
Yo cada Los nil'los no ______ la
mal'lana. tares bien.
. 112.
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leh-bahn-t h
LEVA~!~PRSE~~ KliYWORD:
levitating ... get up levantarse
No waiting! Get up by leVItating!
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LEVANTARSE
Yo alas siete Ella no _______ para ira
cada manana. la playa.
Ellos no tarde. Nosotros ______ antes
que los de mas.
El ______ con sus hijos. iCuando Mario el domingo?
Nosotros no a Yo no ______ porquetenfa
tiempo. sue no.
i _______ tu temprano Los perros ______ con las
los fines de semana? gaUinas.
. 114.
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-L_I_M_P_IA_R_~ toclean ~~ KI:YWORD:
limo us me ... cleans l1mpiar
Gene cleqns the limous1ne.
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LIMPIAR
I /
/
TI-IS. PR6SSNT TSNSS
Uds. no elcoche Yo no nada en [a
casa ayer.
Yo mi cuarto. Ella siempre ______ [a
cocina primero.
TU [a casa. i ______ tu los platos?
Nosotros las Nosotros ______ [a ropa
ventanas. des pu es del pa rtid 0.
Ud. los banos? Ellos no ______ las gafas
anoche .
. 116.
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LLAMAR ____ t_o_c_a_ll ____ rl!€-2>--A-
K~YwoRo: ~j Uama ... calls llama r
The llama~ h1s mama.
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LLAMAR
Yo ______ ala polida.
Nosotros ______ el
banco.
Ellos no ______ porque
no tienen un telefono.
tu Ia farmacia?
Ella no a su familia nunca.
i Por que no ______ tu ayer?
Uds. Ia tienda anoche.
Yo ______ a mi padre tres
veces hoy.
Pedro a su novia porIa manana.
Mis amigos ------- mi casa esta manana .
. 118 .
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LLEGAR to arrive
KliYWOR!D1
illegal... arrive llegar
It's 1llegal to arriye at school w1th a beagle.
PRssSN;. TSN Yo(lego SS
TQ llegas
EVElla/lJd. llega Nosotros ((e ~ 9<~tnos
Sotros ((eg:lis
E«os/Ellas/Uds. llegan
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LLEGAR
Ellas _______ siempre 9
las cu9tro. Ud. 9noche.
Nosotros en ellos en 9Vi6n?
moto.
Yo ______ con mi prima. TU 9los dos.
i _______ tu con el Nosotros ______ con el
reg9lo? dinero.
Ella no hasta que la fiesta empie29.
Yo 9 las die2.
. 120.
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LLE;:VAR to wear
K'I:YWORD:
levi's· ... ~ llevar
The guys wear Levi's."
~
PRsss,..,T TSN.ss Yo llevo ia ltevas
fVEtlaJua. lleva Nosotros llevarnos
Vosotro.s ltev~is Eltos/Ettas;uas. ltevan
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LLEVAR
3 I . e .
I
Nosotros ______ los El no los pantalones. pantalones de Miguel hoy.
Ella no el Uds. _______ los guantes
vestido hoy. ayer.
Uds. Ia misma iCuando ellos el chaqueta. uniforme?
i Por que no _______ tu Yo no ______ el traje de
Ia camisa? vestir porque no me gusta.
Yo ______ Ia gorra de Marra no ______ Ia falda
los Yankees. anoche .
. 122.
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to send KliYWORD:
man ... sends mandar
A man sends an ema1l to Japan.
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MAN DAR
Ella Ia carts. Mario e( certificado.
Nosotros e( Los niflos no ______ las
paquete. fotos.
Ud. no los Uds. las i nvitaciones.
zapatos.
i _______ tu el regalo? tu las entradas?
Yo ______ los papeles. Yo no ______ e( permiso.
. 124.
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METER to put in
KI:YWORD:
meter ... guts in meter
Peter guts money ill the meter.
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METER
Ella ______ Ia ropa en El Ia mano en Ia el cajon masa.
Tu ______ el dinero en iCuando tu Ia elbolsillo. cartera en mi bolso?
i Por que no _______ ella Yo no ______ los papeles
Ia carta en el sobre? en Ia chaqueta.
Yo las monedas Nosotros ______ Ia cabeza
en Ia maquina. en elagujero.
Nosotros las camisas en ellavaplatos.
Ana ______ el pie en arena.
. 126.
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MIRAR to look at
KliYWORD:
. looks at m1rror ... mirar
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yo miro
TQ miras
EVEtla/lkJ. mira Nosotros mira mos
Vosotros mir~is Etlos/EIIas/lkls. miran
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MIRAR
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
telev is i 6 n. E[ no _______ por [a venta na.
Ellos [a
Yo ______ el partido. Nosotros el
des file.
i _______ ella los Yo ______ porq ue fue
resultados? divertido.
de [a dase. Tu no las notas
i ______ tu la pelfcula?
Uds. las noticias Las amigas ______ el
tod as [as naches. nuevo video .
. 128.
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NADAR to swim
KI:YWORD:
nada ... swimmer nadar
"He's defi n 1tely nada swimmer."
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NADAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo todos los
dfas. Ellos no ______ ayer.
Ellos no en el Nosotros con el
mar. bebe.
Nosotros ------cua ndo hace buen tiempo.
Tu ______ con tus a migos.
Uds. ______ por [a iPorque no ______ ella con
manana. nosotros?
iCuilndo ella Yo cada manana a
en [a piscina? las siete.
. 130.
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ODIAR :~ ------------------------------------- ~~
to hate KliYWORD:
odor ... hate odiar
"I .b..au., body odor."
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ODIAR
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo el color azul. Elano pasado, el _____ _
el befsbol.
Nosotros _____ _
[a opera. Nosotros [a tarea.
Ella los b a iles. Ellos ______ los deportes.
TU ______ los vegetales. iPorque ______ tu atu
vecino?
i Por que _______ ella el Rosa no a[
coche nuevo? profesor.
. 132.
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OIR ~ tohear lfr
----------~K~~Y~W~O~R=D~:----------oir ... hear olr
"I~ oh-ea r .... oir ... oir."
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yooigo
Tuoyes
EVEtla/l.ld. oye
Nosotros orrnos Vosotros ors
Ellos/EIIas /lid v' s.oye11
.&..111;=~~-
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OiR
iQue ud. del Uds. la musica.
accidente?
Nosotros no ------nada en la radio.
Ellos ______ lo que pas6.
i _______ tu el partido? Tu no ______ lo peor de
to do.
Yo todo en mi i ______ Uds. que manana
cua rto. Elena se va a casar?
Ella no la Yo ______ que el exa men
telev is i 6 n. es diffcil.
. 134.
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•A AR ~ - _R_, ............... G...........___-~,0 topay ~
KliYWORD:
page ... ~ pagar
K1rk ~for a page of homework.
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PAGAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella [a comida. Mario e[ billete.
Nosotros en Los n i fios no los ------ ------e[ banco. dulces.
Ana no los
zapatos. Ud. ______ con ta rjeta.
_______ tu a Juan? ellas las entradas?
Yo ______ a mi padre. Yo no [afactura .
. 136.
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PARAR to stop KliYWOR!DI
~
PRssg.,r TSNss Yoparo TQParas
EVEila!lJd. Para Nosotros Pararnos
~Sotros Par:! is
E«os/E((as/Uds. Para11
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PARAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellos el a utob us. Ella _______ en Boston ayer.
Yo [a musica. Nosotros no e[ ------coche durante e[ viaje.
Nosotros ______ para Yo ______ para ver el
ha bla r con [a poli cf a. accidente.
i _______ Ud. en el Tu defumarelano
s u perme read o? pas ado.
Tu no nunca. calle?
ella moto en [a
. 138.
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PEDIR to ask for
KI:YWORD:
pediatnc1a n ... asks for pedir
The pediatr1c1an asks for perm1ss1on.
PRsssN~Ts Yopido NSr;
TQ Pides
EVE{{a/Ud .d ·PIe
Nosotros P'Ad. c lrnos
Vosotros Pedrs
E((oS/E((as/uds . ·Piden
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PE:DIR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
TU mucho. Ellos ______ una pizza.
Ella no nada
cuando esta con su novio. iQue Marfa?
Nosotros el Yo no ______ elespecial
menu. de [a cas a.
Yo lo mismo El [a ensalada con
siempre. aceite.
Uds. no las N osotros las [[aves ------ha mbu rguesas. de [a cas a.
. 140.
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~ P~~ftR ~ ------------~K:~:Y:W:O~R~D~:----------
Peggy ... hits pegar
Peggy Sue .b..i.u., harder than you.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yopeg0
TQPegas
EVEila/lJd. Pega
Nosotros Pegarnos
~sotros Peg~ is E«os/E((as/Uds. Pegan
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PEGAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
TU a tus Yo no ______ a mi amigo
hermanos. ayer.
Ellos ______ [a pared. E[ no e[ bal6n.
Yo no ______ [a pelota. Uds. los colchones.
ella s u coc he? lPorque ______ tu lamesa?
Nosotros no Nosotros e[
nada. juguete.
. 142.
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PI:NSAR to think
KI:YWORD:
pens1ve ... think pe nsa r
Pens 1ve people think a lot.
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PENSAR
Ella ______ que va a
Uover mafiana.
Yo------ que el es i nteligente.
Nosotros ______ que la
casa es cara.
!Que _______ eUos de la
idea?
Tu ______ queyo nose
nada.
Yo ______ que el reloj era
de Juan.
Nosotros ______ que el
coche valfa mas dinero.
TU ______ que Ana era la
esposa de Julio.
!Que ______ eUas de mi
proyecto1
Antonio ______ que fue
muy interesante .
. 144.
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~ PERDER tll~-tolose ~
------------;K=~~Y:W:O~R~D~:-----------perfect .. . lose perder
Even perfect kings~ things.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yopierdo
TQpierdes
EVEtla/Ud. Pierde
Nosotros Perdernos
Vosotros Perdeis
Etlos/EIIas/Uds. Pierden
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PERDER
' \ I /
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Nosotros las
[[aves tod os los d fa s. Tu la mente.
Yo no los Yo [as d i recci ones
examenes. de [a fiesta.
Ellos el coche
cada dfa. ellos el coc he?
i _______ Ud. el control Nosotros los
de [a dase? pasteles.
Ella s u bolso Los perros ______ los
en el museo. huesos.
. 146.
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PONER to put KliYWORD:
poncho ... puts poner
0 0 0
joe puts the poncho on the snow .
.. PRssSNT Tf:NSl: Yopongo
Tapones
fVEtlaJua. Pone
Nosotros ponernos
Vosotros poneis
EtlosJE«as /''-'s '/ ""· · Ponen
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PONER
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 ,-~
Ella e( vaso en Antonio ______ Ia nota en Ia mesa. elcaj6n.
Nosotros ______ las Los nii'los ______ los
!laves en Ia chaqueta. guantes en el sue!o.
Juan no ______ los Yo Ia radio en Ia zapatos en e( armario. cocina.
iD6nde tu el i ______ elias Ia manta
numero? en Ia cama?
Yo ______ los papeles Ud. no ______ e( reloj en
en Ia basura. Ia caja.
. 148.
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PREGUNTAR Preh:on·tah
to ask :&) KI:YWORD:
pregnant ... ask pregunta r
Pregnant women ask more questions.
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PREGUNTAR
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
El ______ porlas ninas. Ella s no dema s ia do.
Yo no ______ que hora Ud. d6nde estaban
es. los padres.
i _______ ellos por que
hay mucho tn:ifico? i ______ tu ala policfa?
Hu _______ por mf? El _______ por que ellos no
fueron a [a igles ia.
Nosotros _____ _ Yo no ______ a[ empleado
cuiindo ella vue[ve. cuiinto cuesta [a computadora.
. 150.
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prom ... prom1ses pro meter
The prom promises to be the bomb.
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PRO METER
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ellos ha cer [a El vol ver a las s iete. tarea a tiempo.
Yo no donar mils Ud. ______ formar un grupo
de $100. de cinco personas.
TU ______ ser mi amigo. iQue ______ tu hacer para
e[ desfile?
iPorque _______ ella ir Nosotros ______ ayudar
a Florida con Pablo? en el jardfn.
Nosotros Yo no esta r con los ------ ------term ina r el p royecto para ma i'la na. nii'los todo e[ dfa.
. 152.
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~ _Q_U.....:l~o;"'=~=-l:._R_~A KliYWORD:
queen ... wants querer
The Queen wants a dnvlng machine.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yoquiero
Tuquieres
EVEtla/lki. quiere
Nosotros querernos
Vosotros quereis E«os/Eitas/Uds q •
· Uleren
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QUI:RI:R
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella su dinero Ellas no vender
hoy. elcoche.
Nosotros mirar Nosotros no ------ ------[a telev is i 6 n. e ntrega r los pa peles.
Yo no ______ vi ajar a Yo mudarme a
Espana. Texas.
Ellos ______ ga na r lPorqueella no _____ _
mucho dinero. sali r con Jose?
Uds. ______ trabajar
en [a computadora. Tu no ______ verme ayer.
. 154.
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RECIBIR to recieve
KliYWORD:
recipient ... receives recibir
This year's recipient receives a compliment.
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RECIBIR
Tu mucho dinero. Ud. ______ el cheque Ia
semana pasada.
El (a Uamada de Yo no nada de (a su madre. oficina.
Nosotros !Que ______ tu para Ia
mucha ropa de nuestros amigos. boda?
!Que _______ ellos en e( Nosotros una casa correo? nueva.
Yo no nada de Ellos no ______ los regalos
nadie. de sus abue(os.
. 156.
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record ... remember recorda r
Flo doesn't remember how to record hers how.
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RI:CORDAR
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo ______ que vivfamos Ellos no ______ que hoy es
en el tercer pi so. el cu mplea nos de Joaq ufn.
Nosotros el Tu ______ quetenemos un
dinero cada manana. examen hoy.
Ellos no [[a mar i Por que no ______ ellos
a casa cua ndo se van. traer el bolso?
i Por que no _______ e[ N osotros llama r a
[a chaqueta cua ndo hace frfo? mamil anoche.
TU ______ que vamos Yo no ______ lavar mis
a[ hospital hoy. pantalones .
. 158 .
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ROBAR ~ ________ t_o_s~te~a~l~-----~
KliYWORD:
robber ... steals robar
The robber steals the wheels.
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ROBAR
Nosotros ______ el El no _______ los papeles
dinero del banco. del profesor.
Yo no ______ cos as que
no son mfas. Tu no el dinero.
Ella ______ lo que
qui ere. Yo no nunca.
iCuando tu las elias los gall etas de tu her rna no? pas a po rtes?
Ellos las Mariano no ______ los
chaquetas de sus compafleros. guantes de Juan.
. 160.
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SABER to know
KliYWOR!D1
saber ... know saber
SAV.R TOOTit TIGER
~
What do you know about saber tooth t1gers?
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SABER
Ella las notic i as Yo ______ que hora es. de su hermano.
Ellos no ______ que hoy Yo no nada hasta es martes. que hablecon mi primo.
Nosotros ______ que la EUos lo cuando caUe est9 por aq ur. vie ron la maleta.
i _______ tu d6nde vive iCuando ______ tu que
Nicole? Margarita nose iba a casar?
Ella ______ que elavi6n Nosotros ______ que el
sale en die2 minutos. via je fue ca ncelado.
. 162.
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SACAR ~ ______ t_o_t_a_k_e_o_u_t ______ ~
KliYWORD:
sack ... takes out sacar
Mack takes the rabb1t 2Mt, of a sack.
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SA CAR
Yo buenas Elno _______ su mejor
notas en los examenes. traje parala fiesta.
Tu no Ia basura malas notas porIa manana. en el colegio.
iCuando _______ Miguel Nosotros Ia cama Ia comida? delarrnario.
Nosotros no ______ el Yo ______ un lapiz para
perro porIa noche. el examen.
Ella ______ el mejor Uds. no nada vino cuando vamos a su casa. especial parala visita.
. 164.
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SALIR to leave
KI:YWORD:
saloon .. . leaves sa li r
Boone leqves the saloon.
~
PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yo sa(g0
TQ sa(es
EVE((a/utt. sa(e
Nosotros saUmos
Vosotros sa(rs
E((oS/E((as /U" :t '-'S. Sa (en
L.!:::=~---
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SALIR
k~Al@®lNC] I
\ , C]c::J \ll((fv-C::::l /
C)c::J "{ I\, ;: C::\ l I
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellos a [as ocho.
Nosotros no
con los vecinos.
Yo cada viernes.
i _______ tu con tus
primos este fin de semana?
Ud. _______ para
compra r leche.
~
Ella ______ con Miguel
anoche.
Yo no ______ porque
esta ba ca nsa do.
i Por que no------ e[[os con sus amigos?
Nosotros ______ pero
volvimos a casa en seguida.
Ana y Pepe ______ a ver
una pelfcu [a.
. 166.
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SALUDAR to greet
KI:YWORD:
salute ... greet saluda r
The recruits greet me w1th a salute.
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SALUDAR
TI-IEi. PREi.SEi.NT TEi.NSEi.
Yo ______ al profesor ______ tu cuando
todos los dfas. Uegaste1
Ellos no porque Ella cuando me vio.
no conocen al portero.
ru cads ve2 que Nosotros no al entras. presidente del club.
!Por que no eUos !Por que no Mario cuando nos ven1 cuando Uam61
Nosotros de Yo porque soy una costumbre. persona amable .
. 168.
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SUBIR togo up
K'I:YWORD:
sub ... qoes up sub1r
~--I I -t-- L t·-r I
1-_J
-I I e:
0 ==-----~
~-----
..... ~."
The sub goes up In the tub.
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yosubo
TQ SUbes
EVEtla/Ud. sut,e
Nosotros Subimos Vosotros Subrs
Etlos/EIIas/Uds. Suben
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SUBIR
~----
Nosotros Ia Elias no Ia roca.
montana.
Tu Ia escalera. Yo ______ a hablarcon
Miguel.
Ellos no ______ porque Nosotros a! techo les da miedo. para sacar el disco.
iCuando elal tu el dinero a atico? Pepe?
Yo todos los Marcos ______ Ia cuesta
dfas a las nueve. andando.
. 170.
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KliYWORD:
suspended ... failing suspender
Les 1s suspended for failing a test.
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SUSPENDER
Ellos todos los examenes.
Nosotros porque no estudiamos.
Yo no ______ porque
soy buen estudiante.
i -------ella clase de espanol?
Tu las clases diffciles.
i ______ tu el examen
final?
Ella ______ porque no
ley6 Ia historia.
Nosotros no _____ _
porque somos inteligentes.
Yo ______ el proyecto
porque mi compaflero no hi20 nada.
Mis hermanos nunca _____ _
un examen de historia.
. 172.
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T~N~R to have
KI:YWORD:
ten ... has te ner
Sam Smothers has ten brothers .
.. PRsssNT TSNss Yotengo
Ta tienes
EVE((aJu(J. tiene
Nosotros tenernos Vosotros teneis
E((osJEUas /U" . .L..A!:::::==::=-:---'/_"_s_. t 1enen
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TE:NE:R
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Yo dos
hermanos.
Ellos no mucho
dinero.
Tf.ino un coche
para llegar.
Uds. un
garaje?
Nosotros _____ _
muchos amigos.
Ella
Angelayer.
Ellos
domingo pasado.
Nosotros
por una flo.
ayer?
noticias de
una fiesta el
el trofeo
tu un accidente
Mario una llamada
ra ra a noc he .
. 174.
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TERMINAR to end KliYWORD:
Terminator ... ends terminar
"No way The Terminator uuiJ. today!"
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TERMINAR
El el examen a Nosotros las tiempo. invitaciones alas doce.
Ellos no el Yo ______ la pelfcula antes
proyecto. de ira trabajar.
Yo cadalibro que empiezo.
TU no el recorrido.
i _______ tu de estudiar i ______ ellos el calendario
tarde? para ela flo que viene?
Nosotros ______ todos Porfin Margarita _____ _
los dfas a las ocho. de explica r el problema.
. 176.
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TIRAR to throw
KliYWOR!DI
tires ... throw tirar
~
PRssg.,r TSNss Yo tiro
TQ tiras
EVEila/lJd. tira Nosotros tirarnos
~Sotros tir:lis E«os/E((as/Uds. tiran
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TIRAR
El la basura Yo no la revista cada manana. por la vents na.
Nosotros la Ellas ______ los globos
pelota. a los niflos.
Tu no ______ papeles iPorque ______ tu las
en elsuelo. pes as al suelo?
Uds. los libros Juan _______ el dinero a
ala mesa. los niflos.
i _______ Ud. los foUetos Nosotros ______ el
ala ire? vestido a la basu ra.
. 178.
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TO CAR to play (an instrument)
KliYWORD:
toes ... plays tocar
Joe plays p1ano w1th h1s toes.
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TO CAR
Ella ______ el piano
muybien. TU ______ en la orquesta.
Yo no ______ ningun ellos anoche en i nstrumento. el club?
Nosotros ______ con Yo no ______ porque
la banda cada noche. estaba enfermo.
W6nde tu la Nosotros ______ porque
bateria? nos pagaron bien.
Ud. como un Mi hermano _______ la
profesional. gu ita rra en la fiesta.
. 180.
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TOMAR to take KliYWORD:
Tom ... takes to mar
'
Tom takes a test w1th h1s mom.
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TOMAR
Yo no elexamen Ud. no ______ el quizcito
porque no quiero. ayer.
Nosotros no _____ _ Yo mi examende los apuntes. historia esta manana.
Ellos el curso muchas notas porque es obligatorio. en clase.
i _______ ella elavi6n a iPor que ______ eUos el
las cinco? helado?
Tu mucho Nosotros ______ las
tiempo para terminar. medidas.
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TRABAJAR '"h-b:;· to work ~;:.
KliYWORD:
Traba ... works trabajar
.-~
--- - ;_:.:_ -r.,.
Traba works at h1s Jobba.
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TRABAJAR
TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.
Juan ______ mucho. Mario anoche.
Nosotros en Los padres ______ hasta
la tienda. muytarde.
Ud.no los
lunes. Yo ______ poco.
tQ a las dos? ellas en el
concierto?
TQoo encl ------s u pe rme rca do .
Yo ______ con tu padre.
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TRAER to br1ng
KliYWOR!DI
traer
~
PRssg.,r TSNss Yotraig0
TOtraes
EVEila!lJd. trae Nosotros traern0s ~sotros traeis E«os;tE«as;t~s.traen
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TRAI:R
Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ellas los
ape riti vos a [a fiesta. Uds. [a musica.
Yo no nada. lCuilndo tu la
never a?
Nosotros ______ las Nosotros no [a
[[aves a Juan. tarea.
tu el coche Yo el dinero.
nuevo?
El no a su bebe. Ud. no [a
i nformaci6n .
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VENDER to sell KliYWORD:
vendor. .. sells vender
The vendor~ to h1s customer.
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VENDER
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VENIR to come
~ ~~
---------------------------------KliYWORDa
venom ... come ven1r
Come on venorn ... come on venorn ... good boy!
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VE::NIR
Ella a las tres. Ellos no ha sta
muytarde.
Nosotros _____ _ Tu cuando la
cua ndo [a fiesta empie2a. musica empe26.
Yo no ______ si no Nosotros con el
estii Glori a. novio.
si tienen ella en s u co che
dulces. nuevo?
i _______ Uds. con las Mario _______ porque e[
gambas? querfa vera Ana .
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VI:R to see KI:YWORD:
verb ... ~ ver
Herb finally~ the verb.
~
PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yoveo
TQ Ves
EVE{{a/ua. ve
Nosotros vemos Vosotros veis
E((oS/E((as/uas. ven
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VER
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ella s el coche
en [a calle. E[ e[ accidente.
Ud. no _______ [a pi2arra Yo a Jose en [a
d esde s u s illa. fiesta.
Nosotros ______ que
hay un problema. Uds. no [a casa.
Yo no nada. ella [a
ceremonia?
i _______ tu que ella Nosotros e[
es rubia? avi6n .
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VIAJAR ~o -----~t~o~t~r~a;v~e~l-----~
KliYWORD:
via jar
~
PRssSNr TSNss Yoviajo
TQ viajas
EVEtla/lki. viaja Nosotros viajarnos
Vosotros viaj~is E«os/Eitas/Uds. viajan
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VIAJAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Ellas _______ a Ja p6n. E[ no _______ porque le
daba miedo.
Yo no ______ portren. Ellos a [a costa.
TU ______ por [a ciudad. Nosotros en
grupos de cinco.
Nosotros ______ por
[a manana. i ______ tu el a no pasado?
Uds. con los
primos? Yo ______ portodo e[ pafs.
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KliYWORDa
· lives VIV ... _
VIVIr
• 1;01 ...... With her relatives. VIV .l.L.I.W
~
PRssg.,r TSNss Yo vivo
TQ Vives
EVEila/Ud. vive Nosotros vivirnos
"''sotros vivrs
E«os/E((as/Ucls. Viven
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VIVIR
• . ~
Yo no ______ en
California. TU no en un barco.
Ellas _______ cerca Nosotros ______ en una
de la playa. isla por u n al'lo.
ru contus Yo no con mis padres. primas elal'lo pasado.
i _______ eUos en una ______ Juan con Maria
casa1 antes?
Ud. en una Los nil'los ______ con sus
mansi6n. abuelos.
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VOLAR to fly KI:YWORD:
volleyball. .. flies volar
The volleyball flies to the sky
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VOLAR
TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS
Yo no con esa Elano pasadotu ______ _
compania. en unavi6n pequeno.
TU ______ en globo. Ella _______ a Es pa i'la ayer.
Uds. ______ por [a N osotros con [as ------noche. compa nfas mas fuertes.
_______ ellos en u n 747? Mario anoche?
Nosotros ______ juntos Yo no ______ porquese
a tod as partes. ca ncel6 el vu elo.
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~ VOLVER 4 -------~t~o~r~e;t~u~r~n~-----
K~:YwoRo:
~
PRsssNT TSNss Yo V!ie(vo
TQ Vt~e(ves
EVE((a/ua. V!ie(ve
Nosotros vo(vemos
Vosotros vo(veis
E((oS/E((as/uas. ~'!ie(ven
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VOLVI:R
TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.
Ud. a [a misma
hora.
Nosotros ______ cad a
dfa a las cinco.
Ellos ______ para
toma r el exa men.
i ------- e[ para celeb ra r el cum plea nos?
TU no ______ porque
no quieres.
Ellos no ______ a tiempo.
Tu ______ para esta r con
[a familia.
U d. esta tarde?
Nosotros a
nuestra casa.
Yo no ______ porque
no ten fa dinero.
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REVIEW 0~ TENSES TI-lE PRESENT TENSE
Subject Pronouns When any verb IS conjugated 1n Span1sh, these are the subject pronouns used.
Vo-l
Tu- You (1 nforrnal)
El- He
Ella- She
Usted (Ud.)- You (forrnal)
Nosotros/Nosotras - We
VosotrosjVosotras- You (1nforrnal, pl.)
Ellos- They (a group w1th at least one rnale)
Elias- They (a group w1th all females)
Ustedes (Uds.)- You (forrnaVinforrnal, pl.)
VERBS Regular verbs end 1n -ar, -er, or -ir.
Exa rnples: ;it
Regular Verbs
hablar
ayudar
='.t leer
corner
All verbs cut off the -ar, -er, or -ir end1ngs and when they are conjugated. What IS
left IS called the stern.
Exa rn ple: ha bla r- ha bl
corner- corn
VIVIr- VIV
Personal endmgs are added to the stern for correct conjugation. -arverbs
Yo- o Nosotros -amos
Tu- as Vosotros -a is
E.l- a Ellos- an
Ella -a Ellas- an
Ud. -a Uds.- an
Exarn~le:
Hablar- to speak
Yo hablo I speak Nosotros hablamos
Tu hablas You speak Vosotros hablais
E.l habla He speaks Ellos hablan
Ella habla She speaks Ellas hablan
Ud. habla You speak Uds . hablan
. 201.
We speak
You speak
They speak
They speak
You speak
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-er verbs
Yo- o Nosotros- emos
TU- es Vosotros - e is
El- e Ellos- eh
Ella - e Ellas - eh
Ud.- e Uds.- eh
Examt1le: Comer- to eat
Yo como I eat Nosotros co memos We eat
TU comes You eat Vosotros comeis You eat
El come He eats Ellos comeh They (m) eat
Ella come She eats Ellas comeh They (f) eat
Ud. come You eat Uds. comeh You eat
ir -verbs
Yo- o Nosotros - imos
TU- es Vosotros - fs
El- e Ellos- eh
Ella - e Ellas - eh
Ud.- e Uds.- eh
Examt1le: Vivir- to live
Yo vivo I live Nosotros vivimos We live
TU vives You live Vosotros vivfs You live
El vive He lives Ellos viveh They (m) live
Ella vive She lives Ellas viveh They (f) live
Ud. vive You live Uds. viveh You live
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Reflexive verbs Reflexive verbs end in -se. If you take of the -se you will find an -ar, -er, or -ir (regular) verb that needs to be conjugated. Reflexive verbs require a reflexive pronoun instead of a subject pronoun. These are verbs that the spes ker applies to him or herself.
Yo- me Nosotros- hOS
Tu- te Vosotros- OS
El- se Ellos- se
Ella- se Ellas - se
Ud.- se Uds.- se
Examr;1le: Uamarse -llama r- to call
Lla rna r is a regular verb so its conjugation is the sa me as other regular -a r verbs. You combine the reflexive pronouns with the verb form:
Yo me llamo I call myself Nosotros hOS llamamos We call ourselves
Tu te llamas You call yourself Vosotros OS llama is You call yourselves
El se llama He calls herself Ellos se llaman They call themselves ( m)
Ella se llama She calls herself Ellas se llaman They call themselves (f) Ud. se llama You call yourself Uds. se llaman You call yourselves
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Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs have some changes that preventthem from following the same rules as regula rverbs.
Groupl- Stem-changing verbs
E-IE- Verbs that change thee in their stem to ie in all forms except nosotros/vosotros. Example: Querer- to want
Yo quiero Nosotros queremos
TCi quieres Vosotros quereis
tl quiere Ellos quieren
Ella quiere Ellas quieren
Ud. quiere Uds. quieren
Other stem-changing verbs: cerra r perder pensar des pertarse atender comenzar
0-UE- Verbs that change the o in their stem to ue in all forms except nosotrosjvosotros. Example: Volver- to retum
Yo vuelvo Nosotros volvemos
TCi vuelves Vosotros volveis
tl vuelve Ellos vuelven
Ella vuelve Ellas vuelven
Ud. vuelve Uds. vuelven
Other stem-changing verbs: almorza r dormir jugar (u-ue) poder encontra r recordar acostarse
E -1- Verbs that change thee in their stem to i in all forms except nosotrosjvosotros. Example: Pedir- to ask for
Yo pi do Nosotros pedimos
TCi pides Vosotros pedis
tl pi de Ellos piden
Ella pi de Ellas piden
Ud. pi de Uds. piden
Other stem-changing verbs: serv1r repetir vestirse
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Group 2 -Verbs that have "go" in the conjugationofthe yo forrn but then follow the rules for regula rverbs in the other conjugations. Exa rnple: Salir- to leave
Yo salgo Nosotros salirnos
Tu sales Vosotros salTs
El sale Ellos sa len
Ella sale Ellas sa len
Ud. sale Uds. sa len
Other verbs that have the sarne change: caer hacer poner traer
Group 3- Verbs that have "go" in the yo forrn and then have other changes.
Exa rnples: Decir- digo, dices, dice, dice, decirnos, deds, dicen Venir- vengo, vienes, viene, ven irnos, venTs, vienen orr- oigo, oyes, oye, oTrnos, oTs, oyen Tener- tengo, tienes, tiene, tenernos, teneis, tienen
Group 4-Verbs that have changes in the yoforrn but are regular in the rest of the conjugations:
Ver- veo, ves, ve, vernos, veis, ven Dar-doy, das, da, darnos, dais, dan lr- voy, vas, va, varnos, va is, van (v + -ar endings) Saber- se, sabes, sa be, sabernos, sabeis, sa ben Conocer- conozco, conoces, conoce, conocernos, conoceis, conocen Conducir- conduzco, conduces, conduce, conducirnos, conducTs, conducen
Group 5- Verbs that end in "-uir'' (doesn't include -guirverbs) have a ''y'' added to the stern before conjugating in all forrns except nosotrosjvosotros. Exa rnple: Construir- to build
Yo construyo Nosotros con struT rnos
Tu construyes Vosotros construTs
El construye Ellos construyen
Ella construye Ellas construyen
Ud. construye Uds. construyen
Other verbs that have the sarne changes: destru ir conclui r
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TJ-IE PRETERITE (PAST TENSE)
Verbs that are conjugated to convey act1ons 1n the past are sa 1d to be conjugated 1n the pretente tense. L1ke the present tense, there are regular verbs wh1ch follow a pattern and Irregulars wh1ch, for the most part, do not.
Regular Verbs The end1ngs for the -ar, -er; and -ir verbs are as follows: -arverbs
Yo- e Nosotros- amos
Tu- aste Vosotros- asteis
E.l- 6 Ellos- aron
Ella- 6 Elias- aron
Ud.- 6 Uds.- aron
Exam~le:
Hablar- to speak
Yo hable I spoke
Tu hablaste You spoke
El habl6
Ella habl6
Ud. habl6
-er I -jr yerbs
Yo- 1
Tu- aste
E.l-16
Ella -16
Ud. -16
Example: Comer- to eat
Yo coml
He spoke
She spoke
You spoke
Nosotros- imos
Vosotros- isteis
Ellos- ieron
Elias- ieron
Uds.- ieron
I ate
Tu com1ste You ate
E. I com16 He ate
Ella com16 She ate
Ud. com16 You ate
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos
Elias
Uds.
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos
Elias
Uds.
. 206.
hablamos We spoke
hablasteis You spoke
hablaron They spoke
hablaron They spoke
hablaron You spoke
com1mos We ate
comistels You ate
comieron They (m) ate
comieron They (f) ate
comieron You ate
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Example: Vivir- to live
Yo vivl I lived Nosotros VIVImOS We lived
Tu viviste You lived Vosotros vivisteis You lived
tl vivi6 He lived Ellos vivieron They (m) lived
Ella vivi6 She lived Ellas vivieron They (f) lived
Ud. vivi6 You lived Uds. v1vieron You lived
lrregylar Verbs Irregular verbs maintain small groups that follow patterns in the preterite tense.
Group 1- Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -2ar .:et -gar :I!! saca r llega r cruza r pract1car pagar almorzar
These verbs have one change in the yo form. However, the rest of the conjugation is normal.
~ Saca r becomes "Yo sa que." The "c" changes to "qu", only in the yo form.
Yo sa que Nosotros sacamos
Tu sa caste Vosotros sacasteis
tl sac6 Ellos sacaron
Ella sac6 Ellas sacaron
Ud. sac6 Uds. sacaron
..:.9.M Llegar becomes "Yo llegue." The "g" changes to "gu", only in the yo form.
Yo llegue Nosotros llegamos
Tu llegaste Vosotros llegasteis
tl lleg6 Ellos llegaron
Ella
Ud.
lleg6
lleg6
Ellas
Uds.
llegaron
llegaron
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-ZAR
Alcan:zar becomes •yo a lea nee! The "z" changes to "c", only in the yo form.
Yo alcance Nosotros alcan:zamos
Tu alcanzaste Vosotros a lea n:zasteis
El alcan26 EUos a lea n:za ron
Ella alcan26 Ellas a lea n:za ron
Ud. alcan26 Uds. a lea n:za ron
Group 2- This group is made up of verbs that have different stems buts hare common conjugation endings. There are no accents!
nB.I1 mM. Endings
Tener tuv Yo e
Estar estuv Tu iste
Venir vin El 0
Poner pus Ella 0
Poder pud Ud. 0
Querer quis Nosotros imos
Saber sup Vosotros isteis
Hacer hie" EUos ieron
Decir dij"" Ellas ieron
Conducir conduj"" Uds. ieron
Traer traj""
"This ~d2 s ba ll:S aU :ttl: fimns s::~s::p:t S:{,Ls::Ua/Ud, Hacer Elhizo
""These verbs share aU forms except ellos/ellas/Uds. Decir EUos dijeron Conducir Ellas condujeron Traer Uds. trajeron
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Group 3- Other verbs that have something in cornrnon. Dar- to give
Yo di Nosotros dirnos
TU diste Vosostros disteis
EyElla/Ud. dio Ellos/Ella s/Uds. die ron
Ver- to see
Yo VI Nosotros v1rnos
Tu viste Vosostros visteis
EyElla/Ud. VIO Ellos/Ella s/Uds. v1eron -No accents -Only difference between the two categories is the first letter.
Ser /lr
Yo ful Nosotros fulrnos
TU fuiste Vosostros fuisteis
EV Ella/ Ud. fue Ellos/Ellas/Uds. fueron
-No accents - Sarne exact conjugation for both verbs!
group 4- Verbs that have changes only in the eVella/Ud. ellosjellas/Uds. conjugations. Dormir (u)
Yo dorrnf Nosotros dorrnirnos
TU dorrniste Vosostros dorrnisteis
EyElla/Ud. dUrmi6 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. dUrmieron
Pedir (i)
Yo pedf Nosotros pedirnos
Tu pediste Vosostros pedisteis
EyElla/Ud. pldi6 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. pldieron
Other verbs: repetir (i), servir (i), vestirse (i)
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Group 5- Verbs that change the "i" to a ''y" in the Wella/Ud. and ellosjellas/Uds. forrns. Also, along with the accents found on yo and eVella/Ud. they add accents to the tu and the nosotrosjvosotros forrns. Creer
Yo crel Nosotros crelrnos
Tu crelste Vosostros crelsteis
EV Ella/ Ud. crey6 Ellos/E lla s /Uds. creyeron
Other verbs: leer, olr, caerse
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QUICK RI:I=I:RI:NCI: Abrir to open Alcanzar to reach Alquilar to rent Almorzar to eat lunch Aprender to learn Arreglar to fix Asisti r to attend Atender to attend to Ayudar to help Bailar to dance Beber to drink Buscar to look for Caerse to fall down
Cambiar to change Caminar to walk Cantar to sing Cenar to eat dinner Cerrar to close Coci nar to cook Comenzar to begin Comer to eat Com prar to buy Com prender to understand Conducir to drive Conocer to know (people, places, th1ngs)
Cruzar to cross Cubrir to cover Dar to give Decir to say, tell Dejar to leave behind
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Descansar to rest Despertarse to wake up Dormir to sleep Durar to last Encontrar to find Enfermarse to get sick Escri bi r to write Escuchar to listen to Esperar to wait for Estudiar to study Evitar to avoid Fumar to smoke Ganar to win Gastar to spend Gritar to shout Hablar to speak Hacer to do, make lr to go Jugar to play Levantarse to get up Lavarse to wash yourself Leer to read Limpiar to clean Llamar to call Llegar to arrive Llevar to wear Man dar to send Meter to put in Mirar to look at Nadar to swim Odiar to hate Ofr to hear Parar to stop
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Pedir to ask for Pegar to hit Pensar to think Perder to lose Poner to put Preguntar to ask Pro meter to promise Querer to want Reci bi r to receive Recordar to remember Robar to rob Saber to know (facts)
Sacar to take out Salir to leave Saludar to greet Subir to go up Suspender to fail Tener to have Terminar to end Tirar to throw Tocar to play (an Instrument)
Tomar to take Trabajar to work Traer to bring Vender to sell Venir to come Ver to see Vi ajar to travel Volar to fly Volver to return Vivir to live
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ANSWE:R KE:Y PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Abrir p.2 Alcanzar p.4
abro abn6 ale a nza a lea nz6
abre abneron a lea nza rnos alcanzaron
abnrnos abnste ale a nza a lea nzaste
abren abn6 ale a nzas alcanzaron
abres abrl ale a nzo a lea nee
Almorzar p.6 Alquilar p.8
alrnuerzo alrnorz6 alqu1la alqu1!6
alrnorza rnos a lrnorza ste alqu1lan alqu1larnos
alrnuerza alrnorce alqu1las alqu1l6
alrnuerzan a lrnorza ron alqu1larnos alqu1le
alrnuerzas alrnorz6 alqu1lo alqu1laron
Aprender p.lO Arreglar p. 12
aprendo aprend1eron arregla a rregla rnos
aprenden aprendl a rregla rnos arregl6
a pre nde rnos aprend16 arregla n arreglaste
aprendes aprend16 arregla arregla ron
aprende aprend1ste arreglas arregle
Asistir p.l4 Atender p. 16
as 1ste as1st1eron at1ende atend1eron
as 1sto aSIStlste at1enden atendl
as1sten as1st1eron at1endes atend1ste
as 1stes aSIStl6 at1enden atend16
as1st1rnos a SISti at1endo atend1rnos
Ayudar p.l8 Bailar p.20
ayudas ayud6 ba1la ba 1la ron
ayuda ayudarnos ba1larnos ba1le
ayudan ayudaron ba1lo ba1!6
ayudarnos ayude ba1las ba 1larnos
ayudo ayudaste ba1la ba 1la ron
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Beber p.22 Buscar p.24
bebo beb16 bus cas busque
beben bebnnos bus co busc6
bebes beb1eron bus can buscaste
bebernos beb1ste busca rnos busc6
be be beb1 busca buscaron
Caerse p.26 Cambiar p.28
rne ca 190 rne cal ca rnb1an ca rnb1e
se cae nos ca1rnos ca rnb 1a rnos ca rnb1aron
nos caernos se cayeron ca rnb1o ca rnb1aste
se caen se cay6 ca rnb1a ca rnb16
te caes te ca1ste ca rnb1as ca rnb1aron
Caminar p.30 Cantar p.32
ca rn 1 na rnos ca rn1ne canta cantaron
carn1nan ca rn1n6 can tan cant6
ca rn 1na ca rn1na ron canto cant6
carn1nas carn1naste cantas cantarnos
carn1nan ca rn 1 na rnos cantarnos cante
Cenar p.34 Cerrar p.36
ceno cenaste c1erra cerre
cenan cen6 c1erras cerra ron
cenan cenaron c1erro cerra rnos
cena cene c1erra cerr6
cenarnos cenaron cerra rnos cerraste
Cocinar p.38 Comenzar p.40
COCina C0Cin6 corn1enza cornenz6
coc1narnos coc1naron corn e nza rnos cornenzaron
COCina C0Cin6 corn1enzas corn enza s te
coc1nas coc1naste corn1enzan corn enza rn os
COCinO COCine corn1enzo cornence
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Comer p.42 Comprar p.44
corno corn1rnos corn pro cornpraste
corn en corn1eron cornpra n cornpra ron
come corn16 cornpras cornpr6
cornernos corn1eron cornpra rnos corn pre
come corn1 cornpra cornpra ron
Comprender p.46 Conducir p.48
cornprende cornprend1 conduce condujeron
cornprendernos cornprend16 conduzco conduje
corn pre nde n cornprend1rnos conducen condujo
cornprendes cornprend1ste conduce conduJISte
cornprendo cornprend1eron conduces condujeron
Conocer p.SO Construir p.52
conozco conoc1rnos construyen construy6
conoce conoc16 constru1 rnos construyeron
conocernos conoc1ste construye constru1
conocen co noel construyes construy6
conoces conoc1eron construyo constru1 rnos
Contestar p.54 Correr p.56
con testa contestaron corre come ron
con testa rnos contestaste corrernos COrrl6
contestan conteste corren cornste
contestas contest6 corro come ron
contesto contestarnos corres corr1
Cortar p.58 Creer p.60
cor to cortaste creo crey6
corta cortaron creen cre1ste
cortas corte creernos creyeron
cortarnos cortaron crees cre1
cortan cortarnos cree crey6
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Cruzar p.62 Cubrir p.64
cruza cruzo cubmnos cub no
cruza rnos cruzaron cubre cubnste
cruzan cruzo cubres cubneron
cruzas cruzarnos cubren cubnrnos
cruzan cruce cubro cubr1
Dar p.66 Decir p.68
dan d1rn0s d1go dljeron
da rnos d1o d1ce dljlste
da dl dec1rnos dljO
doy d1eron d1cen dljlrnOS
das d1ste d1ces dlje
Dejar p.70 Descansar p. 72
dejas deje descansa descanso
dejarnos deja ron descansarnos desca nsa ron
dejo dejo descansas desca nsa ste
de jan dejaste descansan descanse
deja dejo descanso descanso
Despertarse p.74 Dormir p. 76
rne desp1erto se despertaron duerrno durrn1o
se desp1erta te despertaste duerrnen dorrn1ste
te desp1ertas se despert6 duerrnen durrn1eron
se desp1erta rne desperte duerrnes dorrn1
se desp1ertan nos despertarnos dorrn 1rnos dorrn1rnos
Durar p.78 Encontrar p.80
dura duro encuentran encontre
du rarnos dura ron encontra rnos en contra rnos
dura dura ron encuentra en contra ste
duran duro encuentro encontro
duro dure encuentras en contra ron
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Enfermarse p.82 Escribir p.84
rne enferrno se enferrn6 escnb1rnos escnb1eron
se enferrna se enferrnaron escnbo escnbf
nos e nfe rrna rnos rne enferrne escnben escnb16
te enferrnas se enferrn6 escnbes escnb16
se enferrnan te enferrnaste escnbe escnb1 rnos
Escuchar p.86 Esperar p.88
escucha escucha ron es pera esper6
escucho escuche es pero esperaste
e scuc ha rnos escuch6 es peras espere
escucha n escucha rnos es peran esper6
escuchas escuchaste es perarnos espera ron
Estudiar p.90 Evitar p.92
estud1arnos estud1e ev1ta n ev1t6
estud1as estud16 ev1tas ev1ta rnos
estud1a estud1arnos ev1ta rnos ev1t6
estud1o estud1aron ev1ta ev1taste
estud1an estud1aste ev1to ev1te
Fumar p.94 Ganar p.96
furnan furn6 ganas gan6
furno furnaste ga narnos ga naron
furna furne gano ga narnos
furnas furn6 ganan gane
furnarnos furnaron gana ga naron
Gastar p.98 Gritar p.lOO
gas tan gastaste gnto gnt6
gastas gast6 gntan gnte
gastarnos gastarnos gntas gntarnos
gasta gastaron gnta rnos gntaron
gas to gaste gnta gnt6
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Hablar p.l02 Hacer p.l04
hablas habl6 hac en hl20
hablan hablaste hago h 1c1eron
hablo hablatnos hacetnos hiCitTlOS
habla hablaron haces hl20
habla tnos hable hace h1ce
lr p.l06 Jugar p.l08
vas fu1ste JUga tTlOS JUg6
van fueron JUego JUgaste
va fu1 JUega JUg6
voy fue Juegas Jugue
vatnos fueron JUegan JUga tTlOS
Lavarse p.llO Leer p.ll2
se lavan se lava ron lee leyeron
te lavas se lav6 leetnos lei
nos lava tnos tne lave leen leltnos
se lava te lavaste lees lelste
tne lavo se lava ron leo leyeron
Levantarse p.l14 Limpiar p.l16
tne levanto se levant6 l1tnp1an l1tnp1e
se levantan nos leva nta tnos litnp10 litnp16
se levanta se levant6 l1tnp1as l1tnp1aste
nos leva nta tnos tne levante l1tnp1atr10S l1tnp1atr10S
te levantas se levantaron l1tnp1a l1tnp1aron
Llamar p.l18 Llegar p.l20
llatno lla tnaste llegan lleg6
llatnatnos lla tna ron llegatnos llegaron
llatnan llatne llego llegaste
llatnas llatn6 llegas llegatnos
llatna lla tna ron llega llegue
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Llevar p.U2 Mandar p.U4
Uevarnos llev6 rnanda rnand6
Ueva !leva ron rna ndarnos rnandaron
Uevan !leva ron rnanda rnandaron
Uevas !!eve rna ndas rnandaste
Uevo llev6 rna ndo rnande
Meter p.U6 Mirar p.U8
rnete rnetl6 rn1 ran rn1r6
metes rnet1ste rn1ro rn1 ra rnos
rnete rneti rn1ra rnl re
rneto rnet1rnos rn1ras rn1 raste
rneternos rnetl6 rn1 ran rn1 raron
Nadar p.l30 Odiar p.l32
nado nada ron od1o od16
nadan nada rnos od1a rnos od1arnos
nadarnos nadaste od1a od1aron
nadan nad6 od1as od1aste
nada nade od1a od16
Olr p.l34 Pagar p.l36
oyen oy6 paga pag6
oirnos oyeron pagarnos paga ron
oyes oiste paga pag6
0190 oyeron pagas paga ron
oye oi pago pague
Parar p.l38 Pedir p.l40
paran par6 p1des p1d1eron
paro pararnos p1de p1dl6
pararnos pare ped1rnos pedi
para paraste p1d0 p1dl6
paras par6 p1den ped1rnos
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Pegar p.l42 Pensar p.l44
peg as pegue p1ensa pense
peg an peg6 p1enso pensatnos
pego peg a ron pensatnos pensaste
peg a pegaste p1ensan pen sa ron
pegatnos pegatnos p1ensas pens6
Perder p.l46 Poner p.l48
perdetnos perd1ste pone puso
p1erdo perdl ponetnos pus1eron
p1erden perd1eron pone puse
p1erde perd1tnos pones pus1eron
p1erde perd1eron pongo puso
Preguntar p.lSO Pro meter p.l52
pregunta pregunta ron protneten protnetl6
pregunto pregunt6 protneto protnetl6
preguntan preguntaste protnetes protnet1ste
preguntas pregunt6 protnete protnetltnos
pregunta tnos pregunte protnetetnos protnetl
Querer p.l54 Recibir p.l56
qu1ere qu1s1eron rec1bes rec1b16
queretnos quiSitTlOS rec1be rec1bl
qu1ero qu1se rec1b1tnos rec1b1ste
qu1eren qui SO rec1ben rec1b1tnos
qu1eren quiSISte rec1bo rec1b1eron
Recordar p.l58 Robar p.l60
recuerdo recorda ron roba tnos rob6
recordatnos recordaste robo robaste
recuerdan recorda ron rob a robe
recuerda recordatnos robas roba ron
recuerdas recorde roban rob6
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Saber p.l62 Sa car p.l64
se supo sa eo sae6
sa ben supe saeas saeaste
sabernos sup1eron saea saearnos
sabes sup1ste saearnos sa que
sa be sup1 rnos saea saearon
Salir p.l66 Saludar p.l68
sa len sal16 saludo saludaste
sal1rnos sall saludan salud6
salgo sal1eron saludas saludarnos
sales sal1rnos saludan salud6
sale sal1eron saludarnos salude
Subir p.l70 Suspender p.l72
sub1rnos sub1eron suspenden suspend1ste
subes subl suspendernos suspend16
suben sub1rnos suspendo suspend1rnos
sube sub1ste suspende suspend!
subo sub16 suspendes suspend1eron
Tener p.l74 Terminar p.l76
ten go tuvo terrnma te rn11 na rnos
t1enen tuv1eron terrnma n term I ne
t1enes tUVIn10S terrnmo te rrn1 na ste
t1enen tUVISte term mas te rn11 na ron
tenernos tuvo terrnma rnos terrn1 n6
Tirar p.l78 Tocar p.l80
t1ra t1re toea toeaste
t1 ra rnos t1raron to eo toea ron
t1ras t1raste toearnos toque
t1ra n t1r6 toeas toe amos
t1ra t1rarnos toea toe6
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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE
Tomar p.l82 Trabajar p.l84
torno torn6 trabaJa trabaJ6
tornarnos torne trabaJarnos trabaJa ron
tornan tornaste trabaJa trabaJe
torn a torn a ron trabaJaS trabaJa ron
tornas torn a rnos trabaJO trabaJaste
Traer p.l86 Vender p.l88
traen traJeron vendo vend16
tra 190 traJ 1ste vendes vend1ste
traernos traJirnos vendernos vendi
traes traJe venden vend1rnos
trae traJO venden vend16
Venir p.l90 Ver p.l92
v1ene v1n1eron ven VIO
ven1rnos VlniSte ve VI
vengo v1n1rnos vernos v1eron
v1enes VlnO veo VIO
v1enen VlnO ves v1rnos
Via jar p.l94 Vivir p.l96
v1a1an v1a16 VIVO VIVISte
VlaJO VlaJaron VIVen VIVIrnOS
v1a1as VlaJarnos VIVeS VIVf
v1a1a rnos v1a1aste VIVen VIVIO
v1a1an VIa )I!\ VIVe v1v1eron
Volar p.l98 Volver p.200
vuelo volaste vuelve volv1eron
vue las vol6 volvernos volv1ste
vuelan vola rnos vuelven volv16
vuelan vol6 vuelve volv1rnos
volarnos vole vuelves volvi
. 224.