COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3....

234
COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish language Alacan Publishing San Diego, California

Transcript of COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3....

Page 1: COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3. 4. · Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring

COMIC MNEMONICS

t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS

Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish language

Alacan Publishing San Diego, California

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Alacan Publishing

sales®alacanpublis hing.corn www.glass house press.corn www.alacanpublishing.corn

Copyright© 2004 Glass House Press

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without perm iss ion in writing from the publisher, exce ptfor inclusion ofbri ef

quotations in a review.

Published in the United States by Glass House Press

ALACAN PUBLISHING is an imprint of Glass House Press. The Alacan Publishing name and logo are trademarks of Glass House Press.

COMIC MNEMONICS title is a trademark of Glass House Press.

The following trademarks appear in this book: Levi's, Cone heads, Coca-Cola

Book Design by Arrow Graphics Cover Design by George Foster

Redesign by OneThousandMinds Studio

Sarris,)irn Corn ic Mnernon ics/J irn Harris

illustrations: Patricia Nacher

ISBN-13: 978-0-9749096-3-9 E-IS BN: 978-0-9749096-0-8

LCCN: 20040902624

Printed in Canada on acid-free paper 14 13 12 1110 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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COMIC MNEMONICS

I= OR SPANISI-I VERBS

Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish Language

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

How to Use This Book

Ill

List of Verbs

IV

Verb Illustrations

and Practice Exercises

1

Review of Tenses

201

Quick Reference

211

Answer Key

215

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INTRODUCTION Comic. Mnemonics?

Here are some well-known facts: 60% of us are visual learners­we benefit from graphics, charts, and diagrams in processing and retaining information. Thirty percent of us are auditory learners -we need to hear something to keep it in our mind. By combining both approaches, we can dramatically increase our ability to memorize and later retrieve the information studied. Comic Mnemonics takes advantage of both styles to do just that, and to give the Spanish student what they need to succeed.

Named by the Greeks for memory training 2,500 years ago, mnemonics are methods, devices, or even mental tricks for improving memory. The principle behind the process is to create a cue that a person associates with what needs to be learned. Many mnemonics are part of everyday culture, such as "I before E except after C" and "Spring ahead, fa[[ back." A growing body of recent research indicates that these devices greatly add to memory retention, and can be used in a wide variety of situations.

Mnemonics don't necessarily need to rhyme: "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (the order of operations in math: parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction). Nor do they need to be especially intellectual: "Eat An Aspirin After A NaffSandwich (the continents: Europe, Antarctica, Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, and South America). They just need to make a connection that allows the student to retain and later access the information more easily. In Comic Mnemonics, we go one step further; the visual image adds to the mnemonic and gives the student an extra device for remembering and retrieving the information.

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Some visu8ls 8nd phr8ses m8y be more helpful th8n others. Over the ye8rs, I h8ve found th8t some students found them useful. Sometimes the students who thought 8 p8rticulm visu8l W8S ri­diculous ended up remembering it, just bec8use they didn't like it.

How Does the Process Work? A student sits down to write 8n ess8y 8nd c8n't remember the verb for "to sleep." H8ving pmcticed with Comic Mnemonics, she will be 8ble to cue not only on the visu8l of someone sleeping, but 8lso on the phmse "Norm sleeps in the dorm." And therein lies the 8nswer- dormir.

The process works for re8ding 8S well 8S writing. The S8me stu­dent is re8ding 8nd comes 8cross the word "8lc8nzm." The verb cues the phmse "Al C8n re8ch his buddy H8l," which cues the visu8l. Ag8in the 8nswer- to re8ch.

Who Should Try This Book? Comic Mnemonics is for 8nyone who w8nts or needs 8nother W8Y to ret8in English 8nd Sp8nish tr8nsl8tions, beyond f\8sh C8rds. It is intended to supplement- not repL9ce- tmdition8l voc8buL9 ry development, 8nd offer 8ltern8tive W8ys to move between Sp8nish 8nd English.

How to Get the Most Oyt of This Book Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring to the verbs you need 8t the moment, or the ones th8t const8ntly give you trouble. There's 8listofverbs 8tthe end of the book. Review the list quickly to see wh8t verbs you need to pmc­tice 8nd which ones you 8lre8dy know. Then get st8rted.

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~OWTOUSE

T~IS BOOK On the main page Students have both the visual and mnemonic phrase to look at and assimilate. The verb and definition are centered at the top in large, bold print, along with the key phrase. A small drawing at the top right of each page gives the phonetic pronunciation of the verb. This little drawing can also be used to leaf through the book and conduct a quick quiz without looking at the whole page. At the bottom of the main page are the conjugations in the present and past tense (you'll find a more extensive grammar review at the end of the book). For each verb, the mnemonic phrase serves as a caption below the illustration.

On the following page The main visual is repeated, along with some practice exercises. Practice conjugating the verb in Spanish and recalling the translation in English. Supplement these exercises with Comic

Mnemonic flashcards for extra study and practice.

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LIST OF VERBS Abrir Alcanzar Almorzar Alqu ilar Aprender

Arreglar Asistir Atender Ayudar Bailar

Beber Buscar Caerse Cambiar Caminar

Cantar Cenar Cerrar Cocinar Comenzar

Comer Comprar Comprender Conducir Conocer

Construir Contestar Correr Cortar Creer

Cruzar Cubrir Dar Decir De jar

Descansar Despertarse Dormir Durar Encontrar

Enfermarse Escribir Escuchar Esperar Estudiar

Evitar Fumar Ganar Gastar Gritar

Hablar Hacer lr )ugar Levantarse

Lavarse Leer Limpiar Llamar Llegar

Llevar Mandar Meter M1rar Nadar

Odiar orr Pagar Parar Pedir

Pegar Pensar Perder Poner Preguntar

Pro meter Querer Recibir Recordar Robar

Saber Sa car Salir Saludar Subir

Suspender Tener Term1nar Tirar To car

Tomar Trabajar Traer Vender Venir

Ver V1ajar V1vir Volar Volver

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ABRIR to open

KI:YWORD:

abracadabra . .. open abrir

A bra ca dab ra, a bra ca day .. . ope 11 the door r 19 ht a wa yl

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AEORIR

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ALCANZAR to reach

KliYWORD:

Al can ... reach a lea nza r

Al can reach h1s buddy Hal.

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ALCANZAR

TI-lES PRESSESNT TESNSES TI-lES PREST!;;.RJTES TESNS!;;.

Ella ______ la pelota. Mario la botella.

Nosotros las Los ninos no los

llaves. dulces.

Ud. no los

2apatos. Tu ______ los premios.

tu el a utobus? entradas?

ellas las

Yo ______ los papeles. Yo no ______ la caja .

. 4.

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ALMORZAR ·hl~m·:r-zah, to eat lunch ~

KliYWORD: ~ Al More . .. eats lunch almorzar

Al More eats lunch w1th AI Less.

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ALMORZAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo a las dos.

Nosotros no en ------[a cafeteria.

Ella ______ con Miguel.

i _______ Uds. en [a

tienda?

TU ______ conmigo.

[ LOM:/TiHE J

s·v;

. 6.

-I " '

Juan no _______ ayer.

La semana pasada tu ____ _

en cas a.

Yo con mi familia.

Ellos tarde.

Pedro no con sus amigos .

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ALQUILAR to rent KI:YWORD:

Al Key . .. rents a lq u 1la r

Al Key rents cars from Mars.

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ALQUILAR

Ella e[ coche. Ayer el ______ [a cas a.

Ellos no [a moto. Nosotros las [uces.

i _______ tu la pelfcula? i Ud. [a ------computadora?

Nosotros _____ [a maquina. Yo el telefono m6vil.

Yo el autobus. Ellas el barco.

. 8 .

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APR ENDER •h-p~·~"-d·h· tolearn ~

KI:YWORD:

a p prent1ce .. . learns ~prender

The a p pre ht1 c e learns to be a de nt1 st.

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APRI:NDI:R

Yo mucho en Los estu d i antes -------[a dase. del libro nuevo.

Ella s no na da

con [a profesora nueva. Yo ______ poco.

Nosotros de [a

telev is i 6 n. i ------ e[ de su padre?

tu en [a escuela? Miguel ______ los verbos.

Pablo no sino Tu ______ espanol con

estudia. tus padres.

. 10.

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ARREGLAR •h-,·~:~·h· to fix ~ .~m K~YWORD: ~

a r e 9 u la r ... fix a rregla r

Meyer can't fix 1t w1th a regular t1 re.

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ARRI:GLAR

Anoche nosotros E[ el coche.

[a banera.

Nosotros e[

cuarto. M i padre ______ e[ ho rno.

Uds. no las

tuberfas. tu [a ventana?

ella el as unto? Los mednicos no

e[ motor.

TU [a moto. Yo ______ [a computadora.

. 12.

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ASISTIR to attend

KI:YWORD:

assistant ... attends asistir

The assistant, joe Best, attends the games

formally dressed.

~

PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yoasisto

TQ asistes

EVE{{a/Ud. asiste

Nosotros asistimos

Vosotros as istrs

E{{OS/E{{as /Ud . :r ' s. as 1St en

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ASISTIR

Ella al concierto.

Uds. -------ala opera.

Yo ala clase. TU no a la reu ni6n.

i _______ eUos a la Los profesores ______ al

fiesta? debate.

Tu albaile. ella a la ceremonia?

Nosotros no _______ a

la conferencia. Yo no albauti2o.

.14.

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ATEN DE R ~h:'·hn~.h. to attend to ~

K'I:YWORD:

attendant ... attends to ate nde r

The attendant attends to people's nounshrnent.

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A TENDER

El a los Ellos no a los pacientes. padres.

Elias a los ni nos. Yo a los estudiantes.

Tu ______ a los jefes. i ______ tu a los pilotos?

i _______ Uds. a los El jefe no ______ a los

p rofes ores? dientes.

Yo no a los Nosotros ______ a los

enfermos. invitados .

. 16.

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AYUDAR ____ t_o_h_e....~lPL......-___ --~

KEYWORD: ~ ay you ... help ayudar

Ay you, a little help with my hairdo!

P,o ~ 'I"..Esr:NTT,

Yo ayudo f::Nsr:

Tu ayudas

fVEIIa/Ud · ayuda Nosotros ayud

v, amos osotros ayudais

Ellos/EIIas;ud s. ayudan

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AYUDAR

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

TU en [a dase. E[ no ______ ayer.

Ella no a su N osotros durante ------padre. [a fiesta.

ellos a los

amigos? Uds. anoche?

Nosotros con

el trabaJO. Yo ami hermano.

Yo no con [a Tu a tu madre. tarea.

. 18 .

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BAILAR ~., d (i.\ ____ t_o_a_n_c_e ____ l;;h

KliYWORD:

bailari na ... dances ba ila r

I! -F,/ ,, .

Manna, the bailar1na, dances.

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BAILAR

TI-IS. PR6SSNT TSNSS

Ella sola. Ellos ______ juntos.

Nosotros [a

bamba. Yo [a salsa.

Yo con mi novia. ______ Juan con su

madre?

i _______ tu durante [a Nosotros no en

fiesta? e[dub.

Ud. todos los Las chicas en [a

dfas. cas a .

. 20.

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BEBER to drink

KliYWORD:

bebe . .. drinks beber

The bebe drinks a latte.

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BEBER

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo no Coca-Cola. E[ no _______ [a sangria.

Ellas los Nosotros mucho

refrescos. jugo de mamana.

tu la leche? Ellas no con los

ninos.

Nosotros ______ agua

tod os los d fa s. i ______ tu e[ vaso de agua?

Mano[o no _______ por

[a manana. Yo no ______ elchampan.

. 22.

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~ BUSCAR . ~-rfL to look for -~~

KliYWORD:

bus . .. looks for busca r

Gus looks for the bus.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yobusc0

TQ buscas

EVEtla/l.ld. busca

Nosotros busca~nos Vosotros busc~is

Ellos/EIIas/Ud b v' s. uscan

.1....61=:=~--

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BUSCAR

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

las [[aves. Yo no [a informacion.

Yo mi libro. Ella _______ a Pepe.

i _______ ellos el mapa? tu los libros?

Nosotros [a Mi amigo no _______ su

casa. raqueta.

Sus primos ______ las Mario su -------coche. fotos.

. 24.

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CAERSE to fall down

KliYWORD:

Caesar ... falls down caerse

Every day, Caesar falls down the same sta1rway.

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CAE:RSE:

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo ______ en e[ jardfn. Anoche yo ______ en [a calle.

Ella en [a casa. Nosotros en [a nieve.

Nosotros cada Uds. esta manana.

manana.

Ellos no ______ por [a

escalera. i ______ Jose por [alluvia?

tu mucho? Tu la semana

pas ada .

. 26.

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CAMBIAR _______ t_o_c_h_a_n~g_e ______ ~

KI:YWORD:

combo ... changed camb1ar

No way! The school changed the combo a ga 1 n today!

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CAMBIAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ellas no el

dinero. Yo no [a fecha.

N~~rns ~ ------ Mis amigos _______ los

pa nta lo nes. regalos.

Yo ______ el reloj. tQ las camisas?

telev is i ones?

e[ las E[ _______ los papeles.

TQ elnQmern ------de telefo no.

Uds. no los lib ros.

.28.

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CAMINAR to walk

KI:YWORD:

camel. .. walks c.a m 1 na r

Mark walks h 1s camel 1 n the park.

L . j

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CAMINAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Nosotros a[

parque. Yo ______ por [a playa.

Ellos a [a tie nda. Ella no _______ n:ipido.

ella a [a

escuela? Uds. a[ cine?

Ti.i con tus Tu ______ con tu perro.

Uds. no a[ Nosotros con [a

centro. policfa.

. 30.

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CAN TAR to s•ng KliYWORD:

can't ... sing cantar

. , Bing can't StnQ.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yo canto

Tucantas

EVEtta/l.ld. canta

Nosotros ca nta tnos

Vosotros Cant~ is Ellos/EIIas/Uds c

v' · <~ntan

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CAN TAR

Ella en el coro. Ellos anoche en Ia fiesta.

Uds. ______ en espanol. Ud. ______ con sus amigos

ayer.

Yo no ______ porIa

manana. i ______ Miguel en Ia clase?

_______ tu en Ia ducha? Nosotros Ia nueva canci6n.

Nosotros ______ muy Yo ______ muy mal durante

bien. el concierto .

. 32.

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CENAR to eat dinner

KliYWORD:

cent1 pede ... eating dinner cenar

Cent1pedes eating dinner.

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CENAR

TI-lES PRESSS.NT TESNSS. TI-lES PRESTESRJTES TESNSS.

Yo con mi

familia. Tu ______ mucho ayer.

Ellas _______ muy tarde. Ud. ______ con sus padres

anoche.

Uds. no en el ellos en e[

resta u ra nte. comedor?

e[ con su

novia? Yo ______ muy temprano.

Nosotros ______ pasta Mis primos no _____ _

tod as [as noches. juntos .

. 34.

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CERRAR to close

KliYWORD:

certainly ... closed cerrar

He certainly closed that door for sure!

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CERRAR

Ella no (a Yo no (a ma(eta.

puerta.

Tu ellibro despues de leer.

ellos (a never a?

Yo (a ventana Nosotros (a cuando tengo frfo. carters.

i -------e( (a caja? E( e( microondas.

Nosotros Ia casa.

TU ______ el cajon.

.36.

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CO CINAR to cook

K'I:YWORD:

Coca-Cola· ... cooks coc1nar

Lola cooks us1ng Coca-Cola!

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COCINAR

TI-lES PRESSESNT TESNSES TI-lES PREST!;;.RJTES TESNS!;;.

Ella lacarne. Mario anoche.

Nosotros las Los n i nos no los ------patatas. huevos.

Ud. no mucho. Ud. ______ para ella.

tu todos los

dias? l ______ tu hamburguesas?

Yo con mi madre. Yo no esta manana.

. 38.

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CO MENZAR koh-~·hn-sahr to begin ~"'l'-~

KliYWORD: ~ commence ... begin comenzar

"Aa h! Commence ... bcsin, 1t's all the sa me you d1ng-a-l1ng!"

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COMENZAR

j,E.G'\1'\

co~ THE 1ESfA~ • I t'

Ella _____ _Ia clase ahora.

Nosotros ______ Ia

lecci6n a las dos.

Tu ellibro manana.

ellos el concierto?

Yo mi curso Ia semana que viene.

. 40.

."·:"' ~:··

El el examen hace cinco minutos.

Ellos a escribir el poema.

i ______ tu el proyecto?

Nosotros ______ a trabajar

en el jardfn.

Yo ______ el ensayo con mi

profesor.

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COMER to eat KliYWORD:

com ... eating comer

\ www. eot•nt·COM I </:' ¢- ~ !e ~ ~~~~\,'\M ~u.uw

www.eatins.com

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COMI:R

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

Yo a las tres.

Ellos no frutas.

Ud. los

postres?

Nosotros los

pasteles.

Ella con su padre.

. 42.

N osotros los

tacos.

ellos a las seis?

Miguel no ______ [a carne.

Los ninos

vegetales.

Yo

de [a fiesta.

los

toda [a comida

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COMPRAR kDhm;,~· tobuy -~ KliYWORD: ~~

computer ... buys compra r

My tutor ~a computer.

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COMPRAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo ______ [a ropa en [a Tu ______ [a computadora

tienda. para Ana.

Ellos no comida

en e[ supermercado. Ellos no ______ e[ reloj.

W6nde tu los Elena [a casa?

zapatos?

Nosotros no _____ _ Yo el b illete a

nada los domingos. Espana.

Ella su coche Los estudia ntes ______ _

manana. sus libros ayer.

. 44.

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coM PR E:N DE: Rohm:~'-hn-dehr to understand (flf

KI:YWORD:

comprehend ... understand comprender

Understand ... com pre he nd ... 1t's all the

same 1n the end!

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COMPRENDER

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella no na d a. Yo no ______ lo que ella

dijo.

Nosotros todo ------ Ud. ______ el significado

[o que dice e[ profesor. del mensaje.

Uds. las

matemilti cas. Nosotros [a lecci6n.

tLila tu el nuevo

situaci6n? concepto?

Yo ______ que hay un Los estu d i antes

problema. elanuncio.

. 46.

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CONDUCIR kohn-:~o-... , todrive ~

KliYWORD:

conductor ... drives conducir

c::=--=--= - -==--=--- .:=:

:_f~· [{:: ~W~r> ~~

~

The conductor driyes the Instructors.

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CONDUCIR

/NSJ

~-

Ella ______ por (a

noche. Uds. a( concierto.

Yo no ______ porque me

da miedo. Yo a Ia escuela.

Ellos ______ a( parque. Ella (a ambulancia.

i _______ Ud. e( coche

grande? tu toda Ia noche?

Tu no contu Marta y Juan ______ a

padre. Florida.

. 48.

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CONOCER koh:~Oh-seh, to know ci;l

KliYWORD:

Cone heads• ... knows conocer

Ed knows the Cone heads.·

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CONOCER

Yo ______ a( presidente.

Ella no a su profesor.

Nosotros _____ _

Boston muy bien

ellos un restaurante bueno?

Tu ______ a! jefe del

departamento.

. 50.

Nosotros a un actorfamoso ayer.

Ella no------- a( due flo del hotel.

W6nde tu a Juan?

Yo a Ana en una fiesta.

Ellos a( medico anoche .

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CONSTRUIR kohn:.:~ .. to build 8~"--

KiiYwoRo:

constructed ... building construir

"I constructed th1s buildinQ w1th gold gdd1ng.

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CONSTRUIR

Ellos casas delujo.

Nosotros un castillo en Ia arena.

Pedro ______ elgimnasio

primero.

iD6nde tu el proyecto?

Yo mi tiempo libre.

mucho en

Ella ______ Ia pared detras

de su casa.

ellos los hoteles en Ia playa?

Yo las sillas en mi sala.

Miguel no _______ las camas.

Nosotros un restaurante en el centro .

. 52.

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contestant ... answers contesta r

The contestant answers the quest1ons.

Page 64: COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3. 4. · Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring

CONTESTAR

Ella no (a Uds. Ia carts.

pregunta.

Nosotros ______ en

ingles. iCuando ______ tu a! jefe?

i -------ellos a tiempo? Yo no e( telefono.

Tu ______ una pregunta

diffcil. Mi amigo------- (a Uamada.

Yo a menu do en Nosotros las Ia dase. peticiones .

. 54.

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CORRER to run KliYWORD:

corridor ... !J:U! correr

"Don't lJUl. 1n the corr1dor, son!"

Page 66: COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3. 4. · Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring

CORRER

Ella no en e( Elias en (a ca rrera.

parque.

Nosotros cada manana.

E( _______ con su equipo.

iCuando ellos? un marat6n.

Yo con mis amigos.

iA que hora ______ Uds.?

Tu ______ muy rapido. Yo antes de ira (a escuela .

. 56.

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CORTAR to cut KliYWORD:

cord ... £!!! corta r

"Don'tW the cord, my Lord!"

Page 68: COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3. 4. · Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring

CORTAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo ______ e[ papel. Tu no e[ dedo.

E[ no ______ [a pi22a. iQue ellos?

iCuil ndo tu el

diseno? Yo los cables.

Nosotros [a M is abuelos su ------ ------cuerda por [a tarde. pelo.

Uds. [a madera. Nosotros los la2os.

. 58.

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CREER to believe

KliYWORD:

believe creepy ... ...__ creer

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yocreo Tucrees

EVEtla/lki. cree Nosotros creernos

Vosotros creeis

E«os/Eitas/Uds. creen

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CREER

Yo no (a historia. Ud. ______ (a explicaci6n.

Ellos ______ a Miguel. TU Ia carts.

Nosotros ______ a(

profesor. ellos (a novels?

tu Ia excusa? Yo no Ia informacion.

Ella no a su marido.

Marta _______ (o que oy6.

. 60.

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CRUZAR to cross

KI:YWORD:

cru1se ... crosses c.ruzar

The cru 1 se s h 1 p crosses the ocean.

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CRUZAR

Marcos Ia calle. Ella Ia carretera.

Nosotros no el Uds. _______ el patio.

puente.

i ellos el -------sendero?

Mario eiAtlantico?

Nosotros el Tu Ia ciudad.

aparcamiento.

Uds. ______ el campo. Yo ______ Ia pista.

. 62.

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CUBRIR to cover

KliYWORD:

cubs ... covers cubrir

Mother bear coyers her cubs With care.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yocubro

Tucubres

EVEtla/Ud. Cubre

Nosotros Cubrirnos

Vosotros Cubrrs

Ellos/EIIas/Uds c b · u ren

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CUBRIR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Nosotros [a

cama. E[ _______ elba reo ayer.

Ella el coc he. i ______ tu el patio?

tu el sofa? Ellos [a

computadora.

Uds. las Nosotros los

bicidetas. papeles.

Yo no [a mesa. Yo la nevera.

.64.

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DAR to give KliYWORD:

darts ... qive dar

"Hey Bart,~ me the darts!"

Page 76: COMIC MNEMONICS t=OR SPANISI-I VERBS Cartoons and Mnemonic Phrases for the Spanish ... · 2013. 3. 4. · Since we seldom need to memorize 100 verbs 8t 8 time, begin by referring

DAR

[ l>i~R.TS I

le

Ellos su dinero Nosotros ______ el coche

a la igles ia. a Jose.

Nosotros las Ella comida a los camisas a los vecinos. pobres.

i _______ ella su tares Yo no la informacion a la profesora? ala policia.

Yo ______ mis zapatos i ______ Uds. las (laves a

ami hermana. Miguel?

Tu ______ ayuda a tus TU elaniUo a tu novia.

companeros.

. 66.

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DECIR to say (to tell)

KI:YWORD:

decir ... said dec1r

"If I've said 1t once, I've said 1t a thousand t1 mes. Deci r 1 s 12 ~(and to tell at t1mes).

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DI:CIR

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo [a verdad. Ellos ______ que e[ examen

es hoy.

Ella no nada

i mporta nte. iQue ______ tu a[ profesor?

Nosotros ______ hola Ud. ______ que ella es

a las personas. simpiltica.

i _______ ellos que soy N osotros ad i6s a [

malo? em plea do.

TU ______ que manana

va allover. Yo no una mentira.

. 68.

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DEJAR to leave behind

KI:YWORD:

dee jay .. . leaves behind depn

The dee jay leaves behind h 1s ha 1 rs pray.

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DE:JAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

[a bo[sa en

[a mesa.

Nosotros los za patos en e[ a rma rio.

Yo no ______ [a comida

en mi plato.

i _______ ellos las fotos

en e[ suelo?

Ella las monedas por [a casa.

. 70.

Yo no

en el coche.

Ellos en [a cas a.

0 t . .1"

[a dmara

[as d i recc io nes

Ud. no [a

ca[culadora en [a dase.

i ______ tu la puerta

abierta?

W6nde Ana las toa[[as?

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DI:SCANSAR dehs::"-'•hr torest '!!!';7 KI:YWORD: _J

desk ... rests desc~ ns~ r

Wes rests on h1s desk.

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DESCANSAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella en una

hamaca. Ella no a noche.

Nosotros no ------por la manana.

Uds. en [a sala.

en [a clase. lCuilndo tu?

W6nde _______ ellos

despues del dfa? Yo toda [a manana.

Yo no en mi Elena no antes de

casa. cocinar.

. 72.

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KI:YWORD:

desperately ... wake up des pe rta rse

Andy desperately tr1ed to wqke up Mandy.

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DE:.S PE:.RTARSE:.

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo a las siete. Ellas ______ temprano

esta manana.

Ella no ______ temprano. Tu antes de las

siete.

TU ______ antes que

los demils. iCuilndo Juan?

iA que hora ______ _

Marco? Yo no ______ tarde ayer.

Uds. antes N osotros tarde los ------que yo. domingos.

. 74.

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DORMIR to sleep

KI:YWORD:

dorm ... sleeps dorm 1 r

Norm sleeps In the dorm.

~

PRsssNT TSNss Yod!4errno

TQ d!4errnes

EVE{{a/ud. d!4errne

Nosotros dorrnirnos

Vosotros dorrnrs

E((oS/E((as/uds. d!4errnen

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DORMIR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo mucho. Ella no nada

anoche.

Ellos no na da

los fines de sema na. Tu no en [a cama.

Uds. ocho horas

cada noche. Uds. bien?

tu con los Yo en el sofa.

nifios?

Nosotros ______ muy Nosotros con los

poco en mi casa. perros .

. 76.

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DURAR to last KliYWORDa

durable . .. last durar

--2000 BC

Durable th1 ngs .lau, forever.

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DURAR

--2000 BC

1995

El concierto Mario hasta las mucho tiempo. seis.

Nosotros ______ poco Los niflos no ni cuando corremos. cinco minutos.

Ud. no hasta el final. Uds. -------mas que yo.

Los hermanos _____ _ La clase hasta cinco horas. muytarde

Yo ______ hasta que el

timbre suena. Yo no todala noche.

. 78.

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ENCO NTRAR •hn:o~n-... h, to find ;.,ar KliYWORD:

encounter. .. firul encontrar

''Encounter to fiJ:uL 1t's all the sa me 1n my m1nd!"

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I:NCONTRAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellos [as [[aves

en [a ca[[e. Yo no [a ca[[e.

Nosotros ______ [a Nosotros [a

respuesta en [a [ectu ra. pizzerfa.

ella [a

i nformaci6n? Tu tu ca rtera.

Yo no ______ [o que

busco. Elena s u bolso?

TU ______ el numero

de telefo no. Ella s no [a fiesta.

. 80.

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E.N F='E. RMA RS E. •n:::hr-mahr-se

togetsick i__ KI:YWORD:

infirmary ... get sick enferma rse

When you get sick, get to the infirmary q u 1ck.

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E.NJ=E.RMARSE.

Yo no El cuando estudi6 frecuentemente. todala noche.

Ella cuando Elias no en Alaska.

trabaja mucho.

Nosotros cad a Yo tres veces en invierno. un mes.

i _______ tu mientras i ______ Ud. despues de

trabajas? comer?

Ellos cuando esqufan.

TU no en mi casa.

. 82.

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.. :<~ ~ -~~~··

ESCRIBIR to write .._~ifF!.- I

------------------------------------------ ~ KliYWORD:

scribbles ... writes escribir

M1ke scribbles when he writes.

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ESCRIBIR

Nosotros Ellas no a sus

muchas ca rtas. amigas.

Yo ami madre. Yo la nota.

Ellos no a nadie. i nstru cc i ones?

Maria las

i _______ tu una ca rta El no el nombre de

a tu familia? la p rofeso ra.

El no ellibro. N osotros las letra s ------en la pi2a rra .

. 84.

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ESCUCI-IAR ·:kD"~h.h, to listen to Jt:

KliYWORD:

esc uses ... listen to escuchar

J)ete ... ti.oft.. for -+~ ..,;H,. r.o ~owworlr.

e.stuse">..-No '

/

Ms. Chuses doesn't listen to escuses.

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ESCUCI-IAR

})etel\..t~ for .f'M~ wi~l

1\.0 ~owworl-.

tJo E.St\JS~~ ,----

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella musica

durante el dfa. ellos las noti cia s?

Yo no musica

cliisica. Yo no nada anoche.

Nosotros el ------ru ido por [a venta na.

Ella a[ ni flo.

Uds. las Nosotros los

palabras del pres idente. ma nd atos del j efe.

tu la television? Tu el a nuncio.

. 86.

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ESPERAR to wait for

KliYWORD:

es press ... waits for espera r

Only Mr. Lane waits for the espress tra1n.

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ESPERAR

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

Ella el a utob us. El dos horas

anoche.

Yo no las tu un cafe?

noticias.

TU irala

iglesia. Yo ______ el tren ayer

ellos una Pablo recibir el

[[amada? dinero.

Nos otros una Los campesinos ______ _

respuesta. [alluvia.

. 88 .

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ESTUDIAR ···:::d~"'. tostudy ~

KliYWOR!D1 ~ students ... study estudia r

The students study w1th the1r budd1es.

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ESTUDIAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Nosotros _____ _ Yo no anoche.

juntos.

TU no mucho. Cada manana ella

los verbos.

el con su Nosotros no en [a ------amigo? biblioteca.

Yo todos los Los amigos ______ despues

dfas. de [a escuela.

Ellos los

domingos. l ______ tu para elexamen?

. 90.

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EVITAR to avoid

KliYWORDa

vitamins ... avoid evitar

The tw1ns avoid the1rvitarn1ns.

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EVITAR

Ellos el Ella el cuarto problema. oscuro.

Tu la situaci6n. Nosotros ______ la sala

grande.

Nosotros las Elgato ______ la fiesta.

grasas.

i _______ ella la tu la ofici na televisi6n1 del director?

Yo los dulces. Yo i r al concierto .

. 92.

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J=UMAR to smoke

KliYWORD:

fumes ... smokinq fumar

The fumes from h 1s smoki11Q cause c ho k1 ng.

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J=UMAR

Ellos no nunca. Ella _______ tres veces ayer.

Yo no los fines TU no ______ durante la

de semana. clase.

El cuando est9 Yo detras del en una fiesta. edificio.

i _______ tu con los Paco una vez en la amigos? vida.

Nosotros los cigarros.

Mis tfos ______ una pipa.

. 94.

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GANAR to Win KliYWORD:

gangster ... ~ ganar

. a ha rnste r. The gangster .i1Ul11

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yoga no

T!iganas

EVEila/lJd. gana

Nosotros ganatnos

~sotros gan~is E«os/E((as/Uds. ganan

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GANAR

Tu ______ el premio. El _______ el campeonato.

Nosotros no ______ el Uds. no _______ porque

regalo. Uega ron tarde.

Yo ______ porque Nosotros el coche practico mucho. nuevo.

Ellos enel Yo un osito de sorteo. peluche.

i _______ ella la beca al i ______ ellos la medaUa

extranjero? de oro?

. 96.

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GASTAR ~ .. sn~ _______ t_o_s~p~e_n_d _______ ~-

KiiYwoRo,

gas ... spends gastar

Marna Cass spends too much on gas.

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GAS TAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellas mucho lEn que _______ tu el

dinero. dinero?

TU no ______ todoen Ella todo en el

un dfa. parq ue de atracciones.

Nosotros ______ el Nosotros [a mitad

salario en el supermercado. en Las Vegas.

el su sueldo Los profesores ______ su

en ropa? tiempo repasando [a lecci6n.

Yo ______ muy poco. Yo ______ mi tiempo

estu d i a ndo .

. 98.

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GRITAR to shout

KliYWORD:

grits ... shouts grita r

Mama shouts, "Grits!" to the n1tw1ts.

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GRITAR

n

Yo no ______ a mis El cuando vio el hijos. coche nuevo.

Ellos cuando Yo a los ladrones estan enfadados. que robaron mi casa.

Tu cada manana. Nosotros cuando vimos el precio.

Nosotros no ______ si i ______ ellos ayer en Ia

no hay problemas. fiesta?

i _______ ella a sus Mi compaflero _____ cuando estudiantes? el conductor fren6 .

. 100.

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I-IABLAR ?)!t? ______ t_o_s~p_ea_k ______ ~~~&;r

K~YWORD: ~~~~

bla .. bla .. bla ... speaking ha bla r

''Bla .. bla .. bla ... stop speak ins l1ke your ma !"

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~ABLAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

TU no ______ ingles Ella no con Esteban

bien. ayer.

dfas. Ellos tod os los

i ______ tu con [a policfa?

Yo cinco Ana y yo ______ con los

idiomas. padres.

i _______ Ud. espanol? Uds. con los

estudia ntes?

Nosotros ______ poco

porla manana. Yo con los vecinos.

. 102.

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AR ~ --I-I~C_E_~. to do, to make ~ KliYWORDa

hackers ... .d,Q, hacer

Computer hackers .dR. bad th1ngs to me and you.

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I-IACI:R

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellas no [a ta rea. E[ no _______ nada para

ayudar.

Yo no ______ los planes Uds. mucho el dfa

para [a dase. de [a boda.

Nosotros ______ el pan Nosotros [a

para [a fiesta. presentaci6n ayer.

tu una vis ita i ______ Pepe el flan para

a[ hos pita[? [a fiesta?

Ud. no el

proyecto. Yo ______ todo lo posible.

. 104.

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IR togo

KliYWORDa

v1rgos ... goes 1r

Everyone a2'1 to Virgos.

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IR

______ tu anoche1 ru a la playa con !Ad6nde

Miguel

Ellos no conmigo EUos ______ con sus

hoy. padres.

elala biblioteca1

Yo no ______ a casa.

Yo no muy Elequipo ______ a(

temprano. campeonato.

Nosotros todos Los perros ______ a(

los vera nos. bosque. • .106.

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JUGAR to play KI:YWORD:

juggles ... ~ JUga r

Wh1le others~~ Pablo juggles away.

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JUGAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Nosotros no al El _______ ayer con el

beisbol. equipo.

Yo todos los

dfas. Tu a las ca rtas.

Ella no ______ hoy. l Por que no ______ Antonio

en el partido?

tu est a tarde? Yo no anoche.

Ellos no ______ porque Nosotros en el

no tienen tiempo. parque .

. 108.

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LAVARSE to wash

KliYWORD:

lavatory ... washes lava rse

Corey washes up In the lavatory.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yornetav0

Tutetavas

EVEtta/l.ld. se lava

Nosotros nos Ia va rnos Vosotros os lavcfis

Ellos/EIIas/Uds s l v' · e a van

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LAVARSE:

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ellos antes de Uds. la cara en [a

comer. bafiera.

los dientes. E[ no bien anoche.

Nosotros ______ el pelo. Yo no ______ ayer.

ella [as ma nos? lCuilndo ______ tu los pies?

Yo ______ cuando estoy Los gatos ______ en el

SUCIO. agua.

. 110.

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LEER to read

KI:YWORD:

Lee ... reads leer

Lee reqds more than me.

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LEER

Ella todas las EUos elanuncio noches. en la puerta.

Nosotros ______ los Yo no ______ el peri6dico

libros c6micos. esta mal'la na.

i _______ eUos los Nosotros ______ lo que

cuentos1 pas6.

Tu no mucho. iCuando tu el artfculo1

Yo cada Los nil'los no ______ la

mal'lana. tares bien.

. 112.

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leh-bahn-t h

LEVA~!~PRSE~~ KliYWORD:

levitating ... get up levantarse

No waiting! Get up by leVItating!

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LEVANTARSE

Yo alas siete Ella no _______ para ira

cada manana. la playa.

Ellos no tarde. Nosotros ______ antes

que los de mas.

El ______ con sus hijos. iCuando Mario el domingo?

Nosotros no a Yo no ______ porquetenfa

tiempo. sue no.

i _______ tu temprano Los perros ______ con las

los fines de semana? gaUinas.

. 114.

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-L_I_M_P_IA_R_~ toclean ~~ KI:YWORD:

limo us me ... cleans l1mpiar

Gene cleqns the limous1ne.

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LIMPIAR

I /

/

TI-IS. PR6SSNT TSNSS

Uds. no elcoche Yo no nada en [a

casa ayer.

Yo mi cuarto. Ella siempre ______ [a

cocina primero.

TU [a casa. i ______ tu los platos?

Nosotros las Nosotros ______ [a ropa

ventanas. des pu es del pa rtid 0.

Ud. los banos? Ellos no ______ las gafas

anoche .

. 116.

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LLAMAR ____ t_o_c_a_ll ____ rl!€-2>--A-

K~YwoRo: ~j Uama ... calls llama r

The llama~ h1s mama.

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LLAMAR

Yo ______ ala polida.

Nosotros ______ el

banco.

Ellos no ______ porque

no tienen un telefono.

tu Ia farmacia?

Ella no a su familia nunca.

i Por que no ______ tu ayer?

Uds. Ia tienda anoche.

Yo ______ a mi padre tres

veces hoy.

Pedro a su novia porIa manana.

Mis amigos ------- mi casa esta manana .

. 118 .

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LLEGAR to arrive

KliYWOR!D1

illegal... arrive llegar

It's 1llegal to arriye at school w1th a beagle.

PRssSN;. TSN Yo(lego SS

TQ llegas

EVElla/lJd. llega Nosotros ((e ~ 9<~tnos

Sotros ((eg:lis

E«os/Ellas/Uds. llegan

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LLEGAR

Ellas _______ siempre 9

las cu9tro. Ud. 9noche.

Nosotros en ellos en 9Vi6n?

moto.

Yo ______ con mi prima. TU 9los dos.

i _______ tu con el Nosotros ______ con el

reg9lo? dinero.

Ella no hasta que la fiesta empie29.

Yo 9 las die2.

. 120.

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LLE;:VAR to wear

K'I:YWORD:

levi's· ... ~ llevar

The guys wear Levi's."

~

PRsss,..,T TSN.ss Yo llevo ia ltevas

fVEtlaJua. lleva Nosotros llevarnos

Vosotro.s ltev~is Eltos/Ettas;uas. ltevan

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LLEVAR

3 I . e .

I

Nosotros ______ los El no los pantalones. pantalones de Miguel hoy.

Ella no el Uds. _______ los guantes

vestido hoy. ayer.

Uds. Ia misma iCuando ellos el chaqueta. uniforme?

i Por que no _______ tu Yo no ______ el traje de

Ia camisa? vestir porque no me gusta.

Yo ______ Ia gorra de Marra no ______ Ia falda

los Yankees. anoche .

. 122.

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to send KliYWORD:

man ... sends mandar

A man sends an ema1l to Japan.

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MAN DAR

Ella Ia carts. Mario e( certificado.

Nosotros e( Los niflos no ______ las

paquete. fotos.

Ud. no los Uds. las i nvitaciones.

zapatos.

i _______ tu el regalo? tu las entradas?

Yo ______ los papeles. Yo no ______ e( permiso.

. 124.

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METER to put in

KI:YWORD:

meter ... guts in meter

Peter guts money ill the meter.

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METER

Ella ______ Ia ropa en El Ia mano en Ia el cajon masa.

Tu ______ el dinero en iCuando tu Ia elbolsillo. cartera en mi bolso?

i Por que no _______ ella Yo no ______ los papeles

Ia carta en el sobre? en Ia chaqueta.

Yo las monedas Nosotros ______ Ia cabeza

en Ia maquina. en elagujero.

Nosotros las camisas en ellavaplatos.

Ana ______ el pie en arena.

. 126.

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MIRAR to look at

KliYWORD:

. looks at m1rror ... mirar

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yo miro

TQ miras

EVEtla/lkJ. mira Nosotros mira mos

Vosotros mir~is Etlos/EIIas/lkls. miran

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MIRAR

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

telev is i 6 n. E[ no _______ por [a venta na.

Ellos [a

Yo ______ el partido. Nosotros el

des file.

i _______ ella los Yo ______ porq ue fue

resultados? divertido.

de [a dase. Tu no las notas

i ______ tu la pelfcula?

Uds. las noticias Las amigas ______ el

tod as [as naches. nuevo video .

. 128.

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NADAR to swim

KI:YWORD:

nada ... swimmer nadar

"He's defi n 1tely nada swimmer."

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NADAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo todos los

dfas. Ellos no ______ ayer.

Ellos no en el Nosotros con el

mar. bebe.

Nosotros ------cua ndo hace buen tiempo.

Tu ______ con tus a migos.

Uds. ______ por [a iPorque no ______ ella con

manana. nosotros?

iCuilndo ella Yo cada manana a

en [a piscina? las siete.

. 130.

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ODIAR :~ ------------------------------------- ~~

to hate KliYWORD:

odor ... hate odiar

"I .b..au., body odor."

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ODIAR

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo el color azul. Elano pasado, el _____ _

el befsbol.

Nosotros _____ _

[a opera. Nosotros [a tarea.

Ella los b a iles. Ellos ______ los deportes.

TU ______ los vegetales. iPorque ______ tu atu

vecino?

i Por que _______ ella el Rosa no a[

coche nuevo? profesor.

. 132.

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OIR ~ tohear lfr

----------~K~~Y~W~O~R=D~:----------oir ... hear olr

"I~ oh-ea r .... oir ... oir."

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yooigo

Tuoyes

EVEtla/l.ld. oye

Nosotros orrnos Vosotros ors

Ellos/EIIas /lid v' s.oye11

.&..111;=~~-

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OiR

iQue ud. del Uds. la musica.

accidente?

Nosotros no ------nada en la radio.

Ellos ______ lo que pas6.

i _______ tu el partido? Tu no ______ lo peor de

to do.

Yo todo en mi i ______ Uds. que manana

cua rto. Elena se va a casar?

Ella no la Yo ______ que el exa men

telev is i 6 n. es diffcil.

. 134.

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•A AR ~ - _R_, ............... G...........___-~,0 topay ~

KliYWORD:

page ... ~ pagar

K1rk ~for a page of homework.

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PAGAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella [a comida. Mario e[ billete.

Nosotros en Los n i fios no los ------ ------e[ banco. dulces.

Ana no los

zapatos. Ud. ______ con ta rjeta.

_______ tu a Juan? ellas las entradas?

Yo ______ a mi padre. Yo no [afactura .

. 136.

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PARAR to stop KliYWOR!DI

~

PRssg.,r TSNss Yoparo TQParas

EVEila!lJd. Para Nosotros Pararnos

~Sotros Par:! is

E«os/E((as/Uds. Para11

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PARAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellos el a utob us. Ella _______ en Boston ayer.

Yo [a musica. Nosotros no e[ ------coche durante e[ viaje.

Nosotros ______ para Yo ______ para ver el

ha bla r con [a poli cf a. accidente.

i _______ Ud. en el Tu defumarelano

s u perme read o? pas ado.

Tu no nunca. calle?

ella moto en [a

. 138.

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PEDIR to ask for

KI:YWORD:

pediatnc1a n ... asks for pedir

The pediatr1c1an asks for perm1ss1on.

PRsssN~Ts Yopido NSr;

TQ Pides

EVE{{a/Ud .d ·PIe

Nosotros P'Ad. c lrnos

Vosotros Pedrs

E((oS/E((as/uds . ·Piden

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PE:DIR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

TU mucho. Ellos ______ una pizza.

Ella no nada

cuando esta con su novio. iQue Marfa?

Nosotros el Yo no ______ elespecial

menu. de [a cas a.

Yo lo mismo El [a ensalada con

siempre. aceite.

Uds. no las N osotros las [[aves ------ha mbu rguesas. de [a cas a.

. 140.

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~ P~~ftR ~ ------------~K:~:Y:W:O~R~D~:----------

Peggy ... hits pegar

Peggy Sue .b..i.u., harder than you.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yopeg0

TQPegas

EVEila/lJd. Pega

Nosotros Pegarnos

~sotros Peg~ is E«os/E((as/Uds. Pegan

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PEGAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

TU a tus Yo no ______ a mi amigo

hermanos. ayer.

Ellos ______ [a pared. E[ no e[ bal6n.

Yo no ______ [a pelota. Uds. los colchones.

ella s u coc he? lPorque ______ tu lamesa?

Nosotros no Nosotros e[

nada. juguete.

. 142.

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PI:NSAR to think

KI:YWORD:

pens1ve ... think pe nsa r

Pens 1ve people think a lot.

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PENSAR

Ella ______ que va a

Uover mafiana.

Yo------ que el es i nteligente.

Nosotros ______ que la

casa es cara.

!Que _______ eUos de la

idea?

Tu ______ queyo nose

nada.

Yo ______ que el reloj era

de Juan.

Nosotros ______ que el

coche valfa mas dinero.

TU ______ que Ana era la

esposa de Julio.

!Que ______ eUas de mi

proyecto1

Antonio ______ que fue

muy interesante .

. 144.

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~ PERDER tll~-tolose ~

------------;K=~~Y:W:O~R~D~:-----------perfect .. . lose perder

Even perfect kings~ things.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yopierdo

TQpierdes

EVEtla/Ud. Pierde

Nosotros Perdernos

Vosotros Perdeis

Etlos/EIIas/Uds. Pierden

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PERDER

' \ I /

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Nosotros las

[[aves tod os los d fa s. Tu la mente.

Yo no los Yo [as d i recci ones

examenes. de [a fiesta.

Ellos el coche

cada dfa. ellos el coc he?

i _______ Ud. el control Nosotros los

de [a dase? pasteles.

Ella s u bolso Los perros ______ los

en el museo. huesos.

. 146.

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PONER to put KliYWORD:

poncho ... puts poner

0 0 0

joe puts the poncho on the snow .

.. PRssSNT Tf:NSl: Yopongo

Tapones

fVEtlaJua. Pone

Nosotros ponernos

Vosotros poneis

EtlosJE«as /''-'s '/ ""· · Ponen

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PONER

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0 ,-~

Ella e( vaso en Antonio ______ Ia nota en Ia mesa. elcaj6n.

Nosotros ______ las Los nii'los ______ los

!laves en Ia chaqueta. guantes en el sue!o.

Juan no ______ los Yo Ia radio en Ia zapatos en e( armario. cocina.

iD6nde tu el i ______ elias Ia manta

numero? en Ia cama?

Yo ______ los papeles Ud. no ______ e( reloj en

en Ia basura. Ia caja.

. 148.

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PREGUNTAR Preh:on·tah

to ask :&) KI:YWORD:

pregnant ... ask pregunta r

Pregnant women ask more questions.

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PREGUNTAR

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

El ______ porlas ninas. Ella s no dema s ia do.

Yo no ______ que hora Ud. d6nde estaban

es. los padres.

i _______ ellos por que

hay mucho tn:ifico? i ______ tu ala policfa?

Hu _______ por mf? El _______ por que ellos no

fueron a [a igles ia.

Nosotros _____ _ Yo no ______ a[ empleado

cuiindo ella vue[ve. cuiinto cuesta [a computadora.

. 150.

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prom ... prom1ses pro meter

The prom promises to be the bomb.

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PRO METER

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ellos ha cer [a El vol ver a las s iete. tarea a tiempo.

Yo no donar mils Ud. ______ formar un grupo

de $100. de cinco personas.

TU ______ ser mi amigo. iQue ______ tu hacer para

e[ desfile?

iPorque _______ ella ir Nosotros ______ ayudar

a Florida con Pablo? en el jardfn.

Nosotros Yo no esta r con los ------ ------term ina r el p royecto para ma i'la na. nii'los todo e[ dfa.

. 152.

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~ _Q_U.....:l~o;"'=~=-l:._R_~A KliYWORD:

queen ... wants querer

The Queen wants a dnvlng machine.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yoquiero

Tuquieres

EVEtla/lki. quiere

Nosotros querernos

Vosotros quereis E«os/Eitas/Uds q •

· Uleren

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QUI:RI:R

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella su dinero Ellas no vender

hoy. elcoche.

Nosotros mirar Nosotros no ------ ------[a telev is i 6 n. e ntrega r los pa peles.

Yo no ______ vi ajar a Yo mudarme a

Espana. Texas.

Ellos ______ ga na r lPorqueella no _____ _

mucho dinero. sali r con Jose?

Uds. ______ trabajar

en [a computadora. Tu no ______ verme ayer.

. 154.

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RECIBIR to recieve

KliYWORD:

recipient ... receives recibir

This year's recipient receives a compliment.

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RECIBIR

Tu mucho dinero. Ud. ______ el cheque Ia

semana pasada.

El (a Uamada de Yo no nada de (a su madre. oficina.

Nosotros !Que ______ tu para Ia

mucha ropa de nuestros amigos. boda?

!Que _______ ellos en e( Nosotros una casa correo? nueva.

Yo no nada de Ellos no ______ los regalos

nadie. de sus abue(os.

. 156.

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record ... remember recorda r

Flo doesn't remember how to record hers how.

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RI:CORDAR

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo ______ que vivfamos Ellos no ______ que hoy es

en el tercer pi so. el cu mplea nos de Joaq ufn.

Nosotros el Tu ______ quetenemos un

dinero cada manana. examen hoy.

Ellos no [[a mar i Por que no ______ ellos

a casa cua ndo se van. traer el bolso?

i Por que no _______ e[ N osotros llama r a

[a chaqueta cua ndo hace frfo? mamil anoche.

TU ______ que vamos Yo no ______ lavar mis

a[ hospital hoy. pantalones .

. 158 .

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ROBAR ~ ________ t_o_s~te~a~l~-----~

KliYWORD:

robber ... steals robar

The robber steals the wheels.

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ROBAR

Nosotros ______ el El no _______ los papeles

dinero del banco. del profesor.

Yo no ______ cos as que

no son mfas. Tu no el dinero.

Ella ______ lo que

qui ere. Yo no nunca.

iCuando tu las elias los gall etas de tu her rna no? pas a po rtes?

Ellos las Mariano no ______ los

chaquetas de sus compafleros. guantes de Juan.

. 160.

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SABER to know

KliYWOR!D1

saber ... know saber

SAV.R TOOTit TIGER

~

What do you know about saber tooth t1gers?

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SABER

Ella las notic i as Yo ______ que hora es. de su hermano.

Ellos no ______ que hoy Yo no nada hasta es martes. que hablecon mi primo.

Nosotros ______ que la EUos lo cuando caUe est9 por aq ur. vie ron la maleta.

i _______ tu d6nde vive iCuando ______ tu que

Nicole? Margarita nose iba a casar?

Ella ______ que elavi6n Nosotros ______ que el

sale en die2 minutos. via je fue ca ncelado.

. 162.

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SACAR ~ ______ t_o_t_a_k_e_o_u_t ______ ~

KliYWORD:

sack ... takes out sacar

Mack takes the rabb1t 2Mt, of a sack.

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SA CAR

Yo buenas Elno _______ su mejor

notas en los examenes. traje parala fiesta.

Tu no Ia basura malas notas porIa manana. en el colegio.

iCuando _______ Miguel Nosotros Ia cama Ia comida? delarrnario.

Nosotros no ______ el Yo ______ un lapiz para

perro porIa noche. el examen.

Ella ______ el mejor Uds. no nada vino cuando vamos a su casa. especial parala visita.

. 164.

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SALIR to leave

KI:YWORD:

saloon .. . leaves sa li r

Boone leqves the saloon.

~

PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yo sa(g0

TQ sa(es

EVE((a/utt. sa(e

Nosotros saUmos

Vosotros sa(rs

E((oS/E((as /U" :t '-'S. Sa (en

L.!:::=~---

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SALIR

k~Al@®lNC] I

\ , C]c::J \ll((fv-C::::l /

C)c::J "{ I\, ;: C::\ l I

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellos a [as ocho.

Nosotros no

con los vecinos.

Yo cada viernes.

i _______ tu con tus

primos este fin de semana?

Ud. _______ para

compra r leche.

~

Ella ______ con Miguel

anoche.

Yo no ______ porque

esta ba ca nsa do.

i Por que no------ e[[os con sus amigos?

Nosotros ______ pero

volvimos a casa en seguida.

Ana y Pepe ______ a ver

una pelfcu [a.

. 166.

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SALUDAR to greet

KI:YWORD:

salute ... greet saluda r

The recruits greet me w1th a salute.

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SALUDAR

TI-IEi. PREi.SEi.NT TEi.NSEi.

Yo ______ al profesor ______ tu cuando

todos los dfas. Uegaste1

Ellos no porque Ella cuando me vio.

no conocen al portero.

ru cads ve2 que Nosotros no al entras. presidente del club.

!Por que no eUos !Por que no Mario cuando nos ven1 cuando Uam61

Nosotros de Yo porque soy una costumbre. persona amable .

. 168.

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SUBIR togo up

K'I:YWORD:

sub ... qoes up sub1r

~--I I -t-- L t·-r I

1-_J

-I I e:

0 ==-----~

~-----

..... ~."

The sub goes up In the tub.

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yosubo

TQ SUbes

EVEtla/Ud. sut,e

Nosotros Subimos Vosotros Subrs

Etlos/EIIas/Uds. Suben

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SUBIR

~----

Nosotros Ia Elias no Ia roca.

montana.

Tu Ia escalera. Yo ______ a hablarcon

Miguel.

Ellos no ______ porque Nosotros a! techo les da miedo. para sacar el disco.

iCuando elal tu el dinero a atico? Pepe?

Yo todos los Marcos ______ Ia cuesta

dfas a las nueve. andando.

. 170.

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KliYWORD:

suspended ... failing suspender

Les 1s suspended for failing a test.

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SUSPENDER

Ellos todos los examenes.

Nosotros porque no estudiamos.

Yo no ______ porque

soy buen estudiante.

i -------ella clase de espanol?

Tu las clases diffciles.

i ______ tu el examen

final?

Ella ______ porque no

ley6 Ia historia.

Nosotros no _____ _

porque somos inteligentes.

Yo ______ el proyecto

porque mi compaflero no hi20 nada.

Mis hermanos nunca _____ _

un examen de historia.

. 172.

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T~N~R to have

KI:YWORD:

ten ... has te ner

Sam Smothers has ten brothers .

.. PRsssNT TSNss Yotengo

Ta tienes

EVE((aJu(J. tiene

Nosotros tenernos Vosotros teneis

E((osJEUas /U" . .L..A!:::::==::=-:---'/_"_s_. t 1enen

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TE:NE:R

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Yo dos

hermanos.

Ellos no mucho

dinero.

Tf.ino un coche

para llegar.

Uds. un

garaje?

Nosotros _____ _

muchos amigos.

Ella

Angelayer.

Ellos

domingo pasado.

Nosotros

por una flo.

ayer?

noticias de

una fiesta el

el trofeo

tu un accidente

Mario una llamada

ra ra a noc he .

. 174.

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TERMINAR to end KliYWORD:

Terminator ... ends terminar

"No way The Terminator uuiJ. today!"

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TERMINAR

El el examen a Nosotros las tiempo. invitaciones alas doce.

Ellos no el Yo ______ la pelfcula antes

proyecto. de ira trabajar.

Yo cadalibro que empiezo.

TU no el recorrido.

i _______ tu de estudiar i ______ ellos el calendario

tarde? para ela flo que viene?

Nosotros ______ todos Porfin Margarita _____ _

los dfas a las ocho. de explica r el problema.

. 176.

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TIRAR to throw

KliYWOR!DI

tires ... throw tirar

~

PRssg.,r TSNss Yo tiro

TQ tiras

EVEila/lJd. tira Nosotros tirarnos

~Sotros tir:lis E«os/E((as/Uds. tiran

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TIRAR

El la basura Yo no la revista cada manana. por la vents na.

Nosotros la Ellas ______ los globos

pelota. a los niflos.

Tu no ______ papeles iPorque ______ tu las

en elsuelo. pes as al suelo?

Uds. los libros Juan _______ el dinero a

ala mesa. los niflos.

i _______ Ud. los foUetos Nosotros ______ el

ala ire? vestido a la basu ra.

. 178.

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TO CAR to play (an instrument)

KliYWORD:

toes ... plays tocar

Joe plays p1ano w1th h1s toes.

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TO CAR

Ella ______ el piano

muybien. TU ______ en la orquesta.

Yo no ______ ningun ellos anoche en i nstrumento. el club?

Nosotros ______ con Yo no ______ porque

la banda cada noche. estaba enfermo.

W6nde tu la Nosotros ______ porque

bateria? nos pagaron bien.

Ud. como un Mi hermano _______ la

profesional. gu ita rra en la fiesta.

. 180.

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TOMAR to take KliYWORD:

Tom ... takes to mar

'

Tom takes a test w1th h1s mom.

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TOMAR

Yo no elexamen Ud. no ______ el quizcito

porque no quiero. ayer.

Nosotros no _____ _ Yo mi examende los apuntes. historia esta manana.

Ellos el curso muchas notas porque es obligatorio. en clase.

i _______ ella elavi6n a iPor que ______ eUos el

las cinco? helado?

Tu mucho Nosotros ______ las

tiempo para terminar. medidas.

. 182.

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TRABAJAR '"h-b:;· to work ~;:.

KliYWORD:

Traba ... works trabajar

.-~

--- - ;_:.:_ -r­.,.

Traba works at h1s Jobba.

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TRABAJAR

TI-IS. PRSSS.NT TSNSS.

Juan ______ mucho. Mario anoche.

Nosotros en Los padres ______ hasta

la tienda. muytarde.

Ud.no los

lunes. Yo ______ poco.

tQ a las dos? ellas en el

concierto?

TQoo encl ------s u pe rme rca do .

Yo ______ con tu padre.

. 184.

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TRAER to br1ng

KliYWOR!DI

traer

~

PRssg.,r TSNss Yotraig0

TOtraes

EVEila!lJd. trae Nosotros traern0s ~sotros traeis E«os;tE«as;t~s.traen

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TRAI:R

Tl-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ellas los

ape riti vos a [a fiesta. Uds. [a musica.

Yo no nada. lCuilndo tu la

never a?

Nosotros ______ las Nosotros no [a

[[aves a Juan. tarea.

tu el coche Yo el dinero.

nuevo?

El no a su bebe. Ud. no [a

i nformaci6n .

. 186.

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VENDER to sell KliYWORD:

vendor. .. sells vender

The vendor~ to h1s customer.

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VENDER

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VENIR to come

~ ~~

---------------------------------KliYWORDa

venom ... come ven1r

Come on venorn ... come on venorn ... good boy!

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VE::NIR

Ella a las tres. Ellos no ha sta

muytarde.

Nosotros _____ _ Tu cuando la

cua ndo [a fiesta empie2a. musica empe26.

Yo no ______ si no Nosotros con el

estii Glori a. novio.

si tienen ella en s u co che

dulces. nuevo?

i _______ Uds. con las Mario _______ porque e[

gambas? querfa vera Ana .

. 190.

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VI:R to see KI:YWORD:

verb ... ~ ver

Herb finally~ the verb.

~

PRssr;NT TSNsr; Yoveo

TQ Ves

EVE{{a/ua. ve

Nosotros vemos Vosotros veis

E((oS/E((as/uas. ven

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VER

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ella s el coche

en [a calle. E[ e[ accidente.

Ud. no _______ [a pi2arra Yo a Jose en [a

d esde s u s illa. fiesta.

Nosotros ______ que

hay un problema. Uds. no [a casa.

Yo no nada. ella [a

ceremonia?

i _______ tu que ella Nosotros e[

es rubia? avi6n .

. 192.

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VIAJAR ~o -----~t~o~t~r~a;v~e~l-----~

KliYWORD:

via jar

~

PRssSNr TSNss Yoviajo

TQ viajas

EVEtla/lki. viaja Nosotros viajarnos

Vosotros viaj~is E«os/Eitas/Uds. viajan

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VIAJAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Ellas _______ a Ja p6n. E[ no _______ porque le

daba miedo.

Yo no ______ portren. Ellos a [a costa.

TU ______ por [a ciudad. Nosotros en

grupos de cinco.

Nosotros ______ por

[a manana. i ______ tu el a no pasado?

Uds. con los

primos? Yo ______ portodo e[ pafs.

. 194.

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KliYWORDa

· lives VIV ... _

VIVIr

• 1;01 ...... With her relatives. VIV .l.L.I.W

~

PRssg.,r TSNss Yo vivo

TQ Vives

EVEila/Ud. vive Nosotros vivirnos

"''sotros vivrs

E«os/E((as/Ucls. Viven

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VIVIR

• . ~

Yo no ______ en

California. TU no en un barco.

Ellas _______ cerca Nosotros ______ en una

de la playa. isla por u n al'lo.

ru contus Yo no con mis padres. primas elal'lo pasado.

i _______ eUos en una ______ Juan con Maria

casa1 antes?

Ud. en una Los nil'los ______ con sus

mansi6n. abuelos.

. 196.

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VOLAR to fly KI:YWORD:

volleyball. .. flies volar

The volleyball flies to the sky

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VOLAR

TI-IS PRSSSNT TSNSS

Yo no con esa Elano pasadotu ______ _

compania. en unavi6n pequeno.

TU ______ en globo. Ella _______ a Es pa i'la ayer.

Uds. ______ por [a N osotros con [as ------noche. compa nfas mas fuertes.

_______ ellos en u n 747? Mario anoche?

Nosotros ______ juntos Yo no ______ porquese

a tod as partes. ca ncel6 el vu elo.

. 198 .

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~ VOLVER 4 -------~t~o~r~e;t~u~r~n~-----

K~:YwoRo:

~

PRsssNT TSNss Yo V!ie(vo

TQ Vt~e(ves

EVE((a/ua. V!ie(ve

Nosotros vo(vemos

Vosotros vo(veis

E((oS/E((as/uas. ~'!ie(ven

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VOLVI:R

TI-IG. PRG.SG.NT TG.NSG.

Ud. a [a misma

hora.

Nosotros ______ cad a

dfa a las cinco.

Ellos ______ para

toma r el exa men.

i ------- e[ para celeb ra r el cum plea nos?

TU no ______ porque

no quieres.

Ellos no ______ a tiempo.

Tu ______ para esta r con

[a familia.

U d. esta tarde?

Nosotros a

nuestra casa.

Yo no ______ porque

no ten fa dinero.

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REVIEW 0~ TENSES TI-lE PRESENT TENSE

Subject Pronouns When any verb IS conjugated 1n Span1sh, these are the subject pronouns used.

Vo-l

Tu- You (1 nforrnal)

El- He

Ella- She

Usted (Ud.)- You (forrnal)

Nosotros/Nosotras - We

VosotrosjVosotras- You (1nforrnal, pl.)

Ellos- They (a group w1th at least one rnale)

Elias- They (a group w1th all females)

Ustedes (Uds.)- You (forrnaVinforrnal, pl.)

VERBS Regular verbs end 1n -ar, -er, or -ir.

Exa rnples: ;it

Regular Verbs

hablar

ayudar

='.t leer

corner

All verbs cut off the -ar, -er, or -ir end1ngs and when they are conjugated. What IS

left IS called the stern.

Exa rn ple: ha bla r- ha bl

corner- corn

VIVIr- VIV

Personal endmgs are added to the stern for correct conjugation. -arverbs

Yo- o Nosotros -amos

Tu- as Vosotros -a is

E.l- a Ellos- an

Ella -a Ellas- an

Ud. -a Uds.- an

Exarn~le:

Hablar- to speak

Yo hablo I speak Nosotros hablamos

Tu hablas You speak Vosotros hablais

E.l habla He speaks Ellos hablan

Ella habla She speaks Ellas hablan

Ud. habla You speak Uds . hablan

. 201.

We speak

You speak

They speak

They speak

You speak

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-er verbs

Yo- o Nosotros- emos

TU- es Vosotros - e is

El- e Ellos- eh

Ella - e Ellas - eh

Ud.- e Uds.- eh

Examt1le: Comer- to eat

Yo como I eat Nosotros co memos We eat

TU comes You eat Vosotros comeis You eat

El come He eats Ellos comeh They (m) eat

Ella come She eats Ellas comeh They (f) eat

Ud. come You eat Uds. comeh You eat

ir -verbs

Yo- o Nosotros - imos

TU- es Vosotros - fs

El- e Ellos- eh

Ella - e Ellas - eh

Ud.- e Uds.- eh

Examt1le: Vivir- to live

Yo vivo I live Nosotros vivimos We live

TU vives You live Vosotros vivfs You live

El vive He lives Ellos viveh They (m) live

Ella vive She lives Ellas viveh They (f) live

Ud. vive You live Uds. viveh You live

. 202.

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Reflexive verbs Reflexive verbs end in -se. If you take of the -se you will find an -ar, -er, or -ir (regular) verb that needs to be conjugated. Reflexive verbs require a reflexive pronoun instead of a subject pronoun. These are verbs that the spes ker applies to him or herself.

Yo- me Nosotros- hOS

Tu- te Vosotros- OS

El- se Ellos- se

Ella- se Ellas - se

Ud.- se Uds.- se

Examr;1le: Uamarse -llama r- to call

Lla rna r is a regular verb so its conjugation is the sa me as other regular -a r verbs. You combine the reflexive pronouns with the verb form:

Yo me llamo I call myself Nosotros hOS llamamos We call ourselves

Tu te llamas You call yourself Vosotros OS llama is You call yourselves

El se llama He calls herself Ellos se llaman They call themselves ( m)

Ella se llama She calls herself Ellas se llaman They call themselves (f) Ud. se llama You call yourself Uds. se llaman You call yourselves

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Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs have some changes that preventthem from following the same rules as regula rverbs.

Groupl- Stem-changing verbs

E-IE- Verbs that change thee in their stem to ie in all forms except nosotros/vosotros. Example: Querer- to want

Yo quiero Nosotros queremos

TCi quieres Vosotros quereis

tl quiere Ellos quieren

Ella quiere Ellas quieren

Ud. quiere Uds. quieren

Other stem-changing verbs: cerra r perder pensar des pertarse atender comenzar

0-UE- Verbs that change the o in their stem to ue in all forms except nosotrosjvosotros. Example: Volver- to retum

Yo vuelvo Nosotros volvemos

TCi vuelves Vosotros volveis

tl vuelve Ellos vuelven

Ella vuelve Ellas vuelven

Ud. vuelve Uds. vuelven

Other stem-changing verbs: almorza r dormir jugar (u-ue) poder encontra r recordar acostarse

E -1- Verbs that change thee in their stem to i in all forms except nosotrosjvosotros. Example: Pedir- to ask for

Yo pi do Nosotros pedimos

TCi pides Vosotros pedis

tl pi de Ellos piden

Ella pi de Ellas piden

Ud. pi de Uds. piden

Other stem-changing verbs: serv1r repetir vestirse

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Group 2 -Verbs that have "go" in the conjugationofthe yo forrn but then follow the rules for regula rverbs in the other conjugations. Exa rnple: Salir- to leave

Yo salgo Nosotros salirnos

Tu sales Vosotros salTs

El sale Ellos sa len

Ella sale Ellas sa len

Ud. sale Uds. sa len

Other verbs that have the sarne change: caer hacer poner traer

Group 3- Verbs that have "go" in the yo forrn and then have other changes.

Exa rnples: Decir- digo, dices, dice, dice, decirnos, deds, dicen Venir- vengo, vienes, viene, ven irnos, venTs, vienen orr- oigo, oyes, oye, oTrnos, oTs, oyen Tener- tengo, tienes, tiene, tenernos, teneis, tienen

Group 4-Verbs that have changes in the yoforrn but are regular in the rest of the conjugations:

Ver- veo, ves, ve, vernos, veis, ven Dar-doy, das, da, darnos, dais, dan lr- voy, vas, va, varnos, va is, van (v + -ar endings) Saber- se, sabes, sa be, sabernos, sabeis, sa ben Conocer- conozco, conoces, conoce, conocernos, conoceis, conocen Conducir- conduzco, conduces, conduce, conducirnos, conducTs, conducen

Group 5- Verbs that end in "-uir'' (doesn't include -guirverbs) have a ''y'' added to the stern before conjugating in all forrns except nosotrosjvosotros. Exa rnple: Construir- to build

Yo construyo Nosotros con struT rnos

Tu construyes Vosotros construTs

El construye Ellos construyen

Ella construye Ellas construyen

Ud. construye Uds. construyen

Other verbs that have the sarne changes: destru ir conclui r

. 205.

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TJ-IE PRETERITE (PAST TENSE)

Verbs that are conjugated to convey act1ons 1n the past are sa 1d to be conjugated 1n the pretente tense. L1ke the present tense, there are regular verbs wh1ch follow a pattern and Irregulars wh1ch, for the most part, do not.

Regular Verbs The end1ngs for the -ar, -er; and -ir verbs are as follows: -arverbs

Yo- e Nosotros- amos

Tu- aste Vosotros- asteis

E.l- 6 Ellos- aron

Ella- 6 Elias- aron

Ud.- 6 Uds.- aron

Exam~le:

Hablar- to speak

Yo hable I spoke

Tu hablaste You spoke

El habl6

Ella habl6

Ud. habl6

-er I -jr yerbs

Yo- 1

Tu- aste

E.l-16

Ella -16

Ud. -16

Example: Comer- to eat

Yo coml

He spoke

She spoke

You spoke

Nosotros- imos

Vosotros- isteis

Ellos- ieron

Elias- ieron

Uds.- ieron

I ate

Tu com1ste You ate

E. I com16 He ate

Ella com16 She ate

Ud. com16 You ate

Nosotros

Vosotros

Ellos

Elias

Uds.

Nosotros

Vosotros

Ellos

Elias

Uds.

. 206.

hablamos We spoke

hablasteis You spoke

hablaron They spoke

hablaron They spoke

hablaron You spoke

com1mos We ate

comistels You ate

comieron They (m) ate

comieron They (f) ate

comieron You ate

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Example: Vivir- to live

Yo vivl I lived Nosotros VIVImOS We lived

Tu viviste You lived Vosotros vivisteis You lived

tl vivi6 He lived Ellos vivieron They (m) lived

Ella vivi6 She lived Ellas vivieron They (f) lived

Ud. vivi6 You lived Uds. v1vieron You lived

lrregylar Verbs Irregular verbs maintain small groups that follow patterns in the preterite tense.

Group 1- Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -2ar .:et -gar :I!! saca r llega r cruza r pract1car pagar almorzar

These verbs have one change in the yo form. However, the rest of the conjugation is normal.

~ Saca r becomes "Yo sa que." The "c" changes to "qu", only in the yo form.

Yo sa que Nosotros sacamos

Tu sa caste Vosotros sacasteis

tl sac6 Ellos sacaron

Ella sac6 Ellas sacaron

Ud. sac6 Uds. sacaron

..:.9.M Llegar becomes "Yo llegue." The "g" changes to "gu", only in the yo form.

Yo llegue Nosotros llegamos

Tu llegaste Vosotros llegasteis

tl lleg6 Ellos llegaron

Ella

Ud.

lleg6

lleg6

Ellas

Uds.

llegaron

llegaron

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-ZAR

Alcan:zar becomes •yo a lea nee! The "z" changes to "c", only in the yo form.

Yo alcance Nosotros alcan:zamos

Tu alcanzaste Vosotros a lea n:zasteis

El alcan26 EUos a lea n:za ron

Ella alcan26 Ellas a lea n:za ron

Ud. alcan26 Uds. a lea n:za ron

Group 2- This group is made up of verbs that have different stems buts hare common conjugation endings. There are no accents!

nB.I1 mM. Endings

Tener tuv Yo e

Estar estuv Tu iste

Venir vin El 0

Poner pus Ella 0

Poder pud Ud. 0

Querer quis Nosotros imos

Saber sup Vosotros isteis

Hacer hie" EUos ieron

Decir dij"" Ellas ieron

Conducir conduj"" Uds. ieron

Traer traj""

"This ~d2 s ba ll:S aU :ttl: fimns s::~s::p:t S:{,Ls::Ua/Ud, Hacer Elhizo

""These verbs share aU forms except ellos/ellas/Uds. Decir EUos dijeron Conducir Ellas condujeron Traer Uds. trajeron

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Group 3- Other verbs that have something in cornrnon. Dar- to give

Yo di Nosotros dirnos

TU diste Vosostros disteis

EyElla/Ud. dio Ellos/Ella s/Uds. die ron

Ver- to see

Yo VI Nosotros v1rnos

Tu viste Vosostros visteis

EyElla/Ud. VIO Ellos/Ella s/Uds. v1eron -No accents -Only difference between the two categories is the first letter.

Ser /lr

Yo ful Nosotros fulrnos

TU fuiste Vosostros fuisteis

EV Ella/ Ud. fue Ellos/Ellas/Uds. fueron

-No accents - Sarne exact conjugation for both verbs!

group 4- Verbs that have changes only in the eVella/Ud. ellosjellas/Uds. conjugations. Dormir (u)

Yo dorrnf Nosotros dorrnirnos

TU dorrniste Vosostros dorrnisteis

EyElla/Ud. dUrmi6 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. dUrmieron

Pedir (i)

Yo pedf Nosotros pedirnos

Tu pediste Vosostros pedisteis

EyElla/Ud. pldi6 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. pldieron

Other verbs: repetir (i), servir (i), vestirse (i)

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Group 5- Verbs that change the "i" to a ''y" in the Wella/Ud. and ellosjellas/Uds. forrns. Also, along with the accents found on yo and eVella/Ud. they add accents to the tu and the nosotrosjvosotros forrns. Creer

Yo crel Nosotros crelrnos

Tu crelste Vosostros crelsteis

EV Ella/ Ud. crey6 Ellos/E lla s /Uds. creyeron

Other verbs: leer, olr, caerse

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QUICK RI:I=I:RI:NCI: Abrir to open Alcanzar to reach Alquilar to rent Almorzar to eat lunch Aprender to learn Arreglar to fix Asisti r to attend Atender to attend to Ayudar to help Bailar to dance Beber to drink Buscar to look for Caerse to fall down

Cambiar to change Caminar to walk Cantar to sing Cenar to eat dinner Cerrar to close Coci nar to cook Comenzar to begin Comer to eat Com prar to buy Com prender to understand Conducir to drive Conocer to know (people, places, th1ngs)

Cruzar to cross Cubrir to cover Dar to give Decir to say, tell Dejar to leave behind

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Descansar to rest Despertarse to wake up Dormir to sleep Durar to last Encontrar to find Enfermarse to get sick Escri bi r to write Escuchar to listen to Esperar to wait for Estudiar to study Evitar to avoid Fumar to smoke Ganar to win Gastar to spend Gritar to shout Hablar to speak Hacer to do, make lr to go Jugar to play Levantarse to get up Lavarse to wash yourself Leer to read Limpiar to clean Llamar to call Llegar to arrive Llevar to wear Man dar to send Meter to put in Mirar to look at Nadar to swim Odiar to hate Ofr to hear Parar to stop

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Pedir to ask for Pegar to hit Pensar to think Perder to lose Poner to put Preguntar to ask Pro meter to promise Querer to want Reci bi r to receive Recordar to remember Robar to rob Saber to know (facts)

Sacar to take out Salir to leave Saludar to greet Subir to go up Suspender to fail Tener to have Terminar to end Tirar to throw Tocar to play (an Instrument)

Tomar to take Trabajar to work Traer to bring Vender to sell Venir to come Ver to see Vi ajar to travel Volar to fly Volver to return Vivir to live

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ANSWE:R KE:Y PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Abrir p.2 Alcanzar p.4

abro abn6 ale a nza a lea nz6

abre abneron a lea nza rnos alcanzaron

abnrnos abnste ale a nza a lea nzaste

abren abn6 ale a nzas alcanzaron

abres abrl ale a nzo a lea nee

Almorzar p.6 Alquilar p.8

alrnuerzo alrnorz6 alqu1la alqu1!6

alrnorza rnos a lrnorza ste alqu1lan alqu1larnos

alrnuerza alrnorce alqu1las alqu1l6

alrnuerzan a lrnorza ron alqu1larnos alqu1le

alrnuerzas alrnorz6 alqu1lo alqu1laron

Aprender p.lO Arreglar p. 12

aprendo aprend1eron arregla a rregla rnos

aprenden aprendl a rregla rnos arregl6

a pre nde rnos aprend16 arregla n arreglaste

aprendes aprend16 arregla arregla ron

aprende aprend1ste arreglas arregle

Asistir p.l4 Atender p. 16

as 1ste as1st1eron at1ende atend1eron

as 1sto aSIStlste at1enden atendl

as1sten as1st1eron at1endes atend1ste

as 1stes aSIStl6 at1enden atend16

as1st1rnos a SISti at1endo atend1rnos

Ayudar p.l8 Bailar p.20

ayudas ayud6 ba1la ba 1la ron

ayuda ayudarnos ba1larnos ba1le

ayudan ayudaron ba1lo ba1!6

ayudarnos ayude ba1las ba 1larnos

ayudo ayudaste ba1la ba 1la ron

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Beber p.22 Buscar p.24

bebo beb16 bus cas busque

beben bebnnos bus co busc6

bebes beb1eron bus can buscaste

bebernos beb1ste busca rnos busc6

be be beb1 busca buscaron

Caerse p.26 Cambiar p.28

rne ca 190 rne cal ca rnb1an ca rnb1e

se cae nos ca1rnos ca rnb 1a rnos ca rnb1aron

nos caernos se cayeron ca rnb1o ca rnb1aste

se caen se cay6 ca rnb1a ca rnb16

te caes te ca1ste ca rnb1as ca rnb1aron

Caminar p.30 Cantar p.32

ca rn 1 na rnos ca rn1ne canta cantaron

carn1nan ca rn1n6 can tan cant6

ca rn 1na ca rn1na ron canto cant6

carn1nas carn1naste cantas cantarnos

carn1nan ca rn 1 na rnos cantarnos cante

Cenar p.34 Cerrar p.36

ceno cenaste c1erra cerre

cenan cen6 c1erras cerra ron

cenan cenaron c1erro cerra rnos

cena cene c1erra cerr6

cenarnos cenaron cerra rnos cerraste

Cocinar p.38 Comenzar p.40

COCina C0Cin6 corn1enza cornenz6

coc1narnos coc1naron corn e nza rnos cornenzaron

COCina C0Cin6 corn1enzas corn enza s te

coc1nas coc1naste corn1enzan corn enza rn os

COCinO COCine corn1enzo cornence

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Comer p.42 Comprar p.44

corno corn1rnos corn pro cornpraste

corn en corn1eron cornpra n cornpra ron

come corn16 cornpras cornpr6

cornernos corn1eron cornpra rnos corn pre

come corn1 cornpra cornpra ron

Comprender p.46 Conducir p.48

cornprende cornprend1 conduce condujeron

cornprendernos cornprend16 conduzco conduje

corn pre nde n cornprend1rnos conducen condujo

cornprendes cornprend1ste conduce conduJISte

cornprendo cornprend1eron conduces condujeron

Conocer p.SO Construir p.52

conozco conoc1rnos construyen construy6

conoce conoc16 constru1 rnos construyeron

conocernos conoc1ste construye constru1

conocen co noel construyes construy6

conoces conoc1eron construyo constru1 rnos

Contestar p.54 Correr p.56

con testa contestaron corre come ron

con testa rnos contestaste corrernos COrrl6

contestan conteste corren cornste

contestas contest6 corro come ron

contesto contestarnos corres corr1

Cortar p.58 Creer p.60

cor to cortaste creo crey6

corta cortaron creen cre1ste

cortas corte creernos creyeron

cortarnos cortaron crees cre1

cortan cortarnos cree crey6

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Cruzar p.62 Cubrir p.64

cruza cruzo cubmnos cub no

cruza rnos cruzaron cubre cubnste

cruzan cruzo cubres cubneron

cruzas cruzarnos cubren cubnrnos

cruzan cruce cubro cubr1

Dar p.66 Decir p.68

dan d1rn0s d1go dljeron

da rnos d1o d1ce dljlste

da dl dec1rnos dljO

doy d1eron d1cen dljlrnOS

das d1ste d1ces dlje

Dejar p.70 Descansar p. 72

dejas deje descansa descanso

dejarnos deja ron descansarnos desca nsa ron

dejo dejo descansas desca nsa ste

de jan dejaste descansan descanse

deja dejo descanso descanso

Despertarse p.74 Dormir p. 76

rne desp1erto se despertaron duerrno durrn1o

se desp1erta te despertaste duerrnen dorrn1ste

te desp1ertas se despert6 duerrnen durrn1eron

se desp1erta rne desperte duerrnes dorrn1

se desp1ertan nos despertarnos dorrn 1rnos dorrn1rnos

Durar p.78 Encontrar p.80

dura duro encuentran encontre

du rarnos dura ron encontra rnos en contra rnos

dura dura ron encuentra en contra ste

duran duro encuentro encontro

duro dure encuentras en contra ron

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Enfermarse p.82 Escribir p.84

rne enferrno se enferrn6 escnb1rnos escnb1eron

se enferrna se enferrnaron escnbo escnbf

nos e nfe rrna rnos rne enferrne escnben escnb16

te enferrnas se enferrn6 escnbes escnb16

se enferrnan te enferrnaste escnbe escnb1 rnos

Escuchar p.86 Esperar p.88

escucha escucha ron es pera esper6

escucho escuche es pero esperaste

e scuc ha rnos escuch6 es peras espere

escucha n escucha rnos es peran esper6

escuchas escuchaste es perarnos espera ron

Estudiar p.90 Evitar p.92

estud1arnos estud1e ev1ta n ev1t6

estud1as estud16 ev1tas ev1ta rnos

estud1a estud1arnos ev1ta rnos ev1t6

estud1o estud1aron ev1ta ev1taste

estud1an estud1aste ev1to ev1te

Fumar p.94 Ganar p.96

furnan furn6 ganas gan6

furno furnaste ga narnos ga naron

furna furne gano ga narnos

furnas furn6 ganan gane

furnarnos furnaron gana ga naron

Gastar p.98 Gritar p.lOO

gas tan gastaste gnto gnt6

gastas gast6 gntan gnte

gastarnos gastarnos gntas gntarnos

gasta gastaron gnta rnos gntaron

gas to gaste gnta gnt6

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Hablar p.l02 Hacer p.l04

hablas habl6 hac en hl20

hablan hablaste hago h 1c1eron

hablo hablatnos hacetnos hiCitTlOS

habla hablaron haces hl20

habla tnos hable hace h1ce

lr p.l06 Jugar p.l08

vas fu1ste JUga tTlOS JUg6

van fueron JUego JUgaste

va fu1 JUega JUg6

voy fue Juegas Jugue

vatnos fueron JUegan JUga tTlOS

Lavarse p.llO Leer p.ll2

se lavan se lava ron lee leyeron

te lavas se lav6 leetnos lei

nos lava tnos tne lave leen leltnos

se lava te lavaste lees lelste

tne lavo se lava ron leo leyeron

Levantarse p.l14 Limpiar p.l16

tne levanto se levant6 l1tnp1an l1tnp1e

se levantan nos leva nta tnos litnp10 litnp16

se levanta se levant6 l1tnp1as l1tnp1aste

nos leva nta tnos tne levante l1tnp1atr10S l1tnp1atr10S

te levantas se levantaron l1tnp1a l1tnp1aron

Llamar p.l18 Llegar p.l20

llatno lla tnaste llegan lleg6

llatnatnos lla tna ron llegatnos llegaron

llatnan llatne llego llegaste

llatnas llatn6 llegas llegatnos

llatna lla tna ron llega llegue

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Llevar p.U2 Mandar p.U4

Uevarnos llev6 rnanda rnand6

Ueva !leva ron rna ndarnos rnandaron

Uevan !leva ron rnanda rnandaron

Uevas !!eve rna ndas rnandaste

Uevo llev6 rna ndo rnande

Meter p.U6 Mirar p.U8

rnete rnetl6 rn1 ran rn1r6

metes rnet1ste rn1ro rn1 ra rnos

rnete rneti rn1ra rnl re

rneto rnet1rnos rn1ras rn1 raste

rneternos rnetl6 rn1 ran rn1 raron

Nadar p.l30 Odiar p.l32

nado nada ron od1o od16

nadan nada rnos od1a rnos od1arnos

nadarnos nadaste od1a od1aron

nadan nad6 od1as od1aste

nada nade od1a od16

Olr p.l34 Pagar p.l36

oyen oy6 paga pag6

oirnos oyeron pagarnos paga ron

oyes oiste paga pag6

0190 oyeron pagas paga ron

oye oi pago pague

Parar p.l38 Pedir p.l40

paran par6 p1des p1d1eron

paro pararnos p1de p1dl6

pararnos pare ped1rnos pedi

para paraste p1d0 p1dl6

paras par6 p1den ped1rnos

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Pegar p.l42 Pensar p.l44

peg as pegue p1ensa pense

peg an peg6 p1enso pensatnos

pego peg a ron pensatnos pensaste

peg a pegaste p1ensan pen sa ron

pegatnos pegatnos p1ensas pens6

Perder p.l46 Poner p.l48

perdetnos perd1ste pone puso

p1erdo perdl ponetnos pus1eron

p1erden perd1eron pone puse

p1erde perd1tnos pones pus1eron

p1erde perd1eron pongo puso

Preguntar p.lSO Pro meter p.l52

pregunta pregunta ron protneten protnetl6

pregunto pregunt6 protneto protnetl6

preguntan preguntaste protnetes protnet1ste

preguntas pregunt6 protnete protnetltnos

pregunta tnos pregunte protnetetnos protnetl

Querer p.l54 Recibir p.l56

qu1ere qu1s1eron rec1bes rec1b16

queretnos quiSitTlOS rec1be rec1bl

qu1ero qu1se rec1b1tnos rec1b1ste

qu1eren qui SO rec1ben rec1b1tnos

qu1eren quiSISte rec1bo rec1b1eron

Recordar p.l58 Robar p.l60

recuerdo recorda ron roba tnos rob6

recordatnos recordaste robo robaste

recuerdan recorda ron rob a robe

recuerda recordatnos robas roba ron

recuerdas recorde roban rob6

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Saber p.l62 Sa car p.l64

se supo sa eo sae6

sa ben supe saeas saeaste

sabernos sup1eron saea saearnos

sabes sup1ste saearnos sa que

sa be sup1 rnos saea saearon

Salir p.l66 Saludar p.l68

sa len sal16 saludo saludaste

sal1rnos sall saludan salud6

salgo sal1eron saludas saludarnos

sales sal1rnos saludan salud6

sale sal1eron saludarnos salude

Subir p.l70 Suspender p.l72

sub1rnos sub1eron suspenden suspend1ste

subes subl suspendernos suspend16

suben sub1rnos suspendo suspend1rnos

sube sub1ste suspende suspend!

subo sub16 suspendes suspend1eron

Tener p.l74 Terminar p.l76

ten go tuvo terrnma te rn11 na rnos

t1enen tuv1eron terrnma n term I ne

t1enes tUVIn10S terrnmo te rrn1 na ste

t1enen tUVISte term mas te rn11 na ron

tenernos tuvo terrnma rnos terrn1 n6

Tirar p.l78 Tocar p.l80

t1ra t1re toea toeaste

t1 ra rnos t1raron to eo toea ron

t1ras t1raste toearnos toque

t1ra n t1r6 toeas toe amos

t1ra t1rarnos toea toe6

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PRESENT PRETERITE PRESENT PRETERITE

Tomar p.l82 Trabajar p.l84

torno torn6 trabaJa trabaJ6

tornarnos torne trabaJarnos trabaJa ron

tornan tornaste trabaJa trabaJe

torn a torn a ron trabaJaS trabaJa ron

tornas torn a rnos trabaJO trabaJaste

Traer p.l86 Vender p.l88

traen traJeron vendo vend16

tra 190 traJ 1ste vendes vend1ste

traernos traJirnos vendernos vendi

traes traJe venden vend1rnos

trae traJO venden vend16

Venir p.l90 Ver p.l92

v1ene v1n1eron ven VIO

ven1rnos VlniSte ve VI

vengo v1n1rnos vernos v1eron

v1enes VlnO veo VIO

v1enen VlnO ves v1rnos

Via jar p.l94 Vivir p.l96

v1a1an v1a16 VIVO VIVISte

VlaJO VlaJaron VIVen VIVIrnOS

v1a1as VlaJarnos VIVeS VIVf

v1a1a rnos v1a1aste VIVen VIVIO

v1a1an VIa )I!\ VIVe v1v1eron

Volar p.l98 Volver p.200

vuelo volaste vuelve volv1eron

vue las vol6 volvernos volv1ste

vuelan vola rnos vuelven volv16

vuelan vol6 vuelve volv1rnos

volarnos vole vuelves volvi

. 224.