Comedy in Literature
description
Transcript of Comedy in Literature
Comedy in Literature
The Comedy of Errors
Origins of Comedy
Ancient greek myth of Zeus and princess Semele - affair: produced Dionysus who was premature, sown into Zeus who bore him later
God of common man, fertility, wild things, impulses, wine
Festivals held in ancient Greece to honor him
Drama originates from these festivals
Origins Cont. Greeks were masters of tragedy and
comedy 3 types of comedy: Old, Middle and
New Old= 5th century B.C. and are like
tragedies in form (4 actors and a chorus)– Focus on ridicule– Political and social satires
Mid= fall of Athens sparked change: 400-323 B.C. – Mock re-enactments of famous myths– Comedy of manners– Not much survives
New Comedy- Modern Comedy
illustrate the decline of the chorus and political issues of Old Comedy
is less obscene focuses on family matters with complications in
love relationships introduces theme of love into literature of interest in the interactions between observable
social types.
New Modern Cont.
The Middle Ages (500-1500)= dormant period in the development of the Comedy genre
The Renaissance(re-birth)= based on 2 key principals– revival of classical forms developed by the
ancient Greeks– a concern with secular life and an interest in
humanism and the individual
Characteristics of Comedy
the presence of lovers the defeat of an imposter figure and
subsequent assimilation into restored social fabric
Celebrates a man’s ability to endure Exposes what Aristotle terms,
“ludicrous” actions
A comedy of errors: Definition
Often a play Tone is light, satirical and farcical Involves cases of mistaken ID Usually has a positive resolution for
everyone
The Comedy of Errors Written 1592-1594 One of Shakespeare’s
shortest plays Observes the “three
unities” -unity of time (24 hrs)
-unity of place (one geo. location)
-unity of action (one main plot)
Themes Appearance versus reality (trust in self and situation)
– Ex.: Act II, sc. i: Antipholus of Syracuse: “What error drives our eyes and ears amiss?/Until I know this sure uncertainty,/I’ll entertain the offer’d fallacy.”
– Act. III, sc. I: Anti. Of Ephesus trying to enter his home after “already there”
Love and marriage– Adriana and husband:
• she calls him to dinner and when he “refuses”, she attempts to lock him out
• Upset at possible infidelity
– Luciana and her ideas about marriage – (Act II, sc. i):
• Luciana believes that “men, more divine” are “the masters of all these”; Adriana is upset at her husbands “actions”
– Dromio of Syracuse and greasy cook (Act III, sc. ii)
Themes Cont. Madness
– Each person questions their sanity– Precursor to King Lear and Hamlet – Act II, sc. ii:
• Anti of S. states: – “ What error drives our eyes and ears amiss?/ Until I
know this sure certainty,/ I’ll entertain the offer’d fallacy.”
– He chooses to play along
• Dromio of S. response:– “This is the fairy land: O spite of spites!/ We talk
goblins, owls and sprites: / If we obey them, this will ensue,/ They’ll suck our breath or pinch us black and blue.”
MotifsDefinition: vehicle for expressing the theme Time
• Luciana reprimands Adriana for not having patience• Act II, sc. i: time is bald---read• Had the characters simply had patience and
communicated, the “errors” might have been discovered
Violence– Act I, Sc. I: Antipholus of S. beats Dromio of E.–
accuses him of stealing 1000 marks and talking nonsense about a “wife” and “dinner”
– Act II, Sc. ii: Anti. of S. beats Dromio of S. for “…flouting [him]; and then, wherefore, /For urging it the second time to [him]”
• Flouting= showing contempt or scorn; mocking insult
Irony 3 Types
– Dramatic irony: occurs when the reader or the audience understands more about the events than a character
– Situational irony: occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected
– Verbal irony: a character says one thing but means another