COMBUSTION TURBINES - midwestchptap.org€¦ · combustion turbines chp technologies ... solar gas...
Transcript of COMBUSTION TURBINES - midwestchptap.org€¦ · combustion turbines chp technologies ... solar gas...
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Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
COMBUSTION TURBINESCHP TECHNOLOGIES
COLUMBIA GAS OF OHIO HOSTS:…COMBINED HEAT & POWER FOR
INDUSTRIAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
JUNE 27, 2017
Presented by: Jon Green, Lathrop-Trotter
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SOLAR’S HISTORY
1927 founded - Solar Aircraft Company 1930s - Stainless Steel Exhaust Manifolds 1940s - Jet Engine Afterburners and Small Gas Turbines 1950s - Aerospace Industry and Shipboard Power Generation 1960s to today - Industrial Gas Turbines
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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CHP DEFINED
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
“Simultaneous Production of Two Useful
Forms of Energy from Same Source”
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CHP ADVANTAGES
• Reliable Power Requirement
• Use of Thermal Energy
• Ratio of Thermal Energy to Electrical Energy (1.5:1)
• High Operating Hours
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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BEFORE CHP
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
36k lbm/hr Steam Example
ENERGYENERGY USAGE
ENERGY USAGE,
MW
ENERGY INPUT,
MWSYSTEM
EFFICIENCY
Thermal 36 000 lbs/hr 10.7 13.1 82%
Electrical 5 460 kW 5.5 15.6 35%
Total -- 16.2 28.7 56%
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TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION WITH CHP
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
Direct HeatUtilization
SteamSteamBoilers
Fuel(Gas/Liquid)
Electricity Generator
Gas Turbine
Electricity(Utility)
Equipment
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AFTER CHP
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
36k lbm/hr Steam Example
ENERGYENERGY USAGE
ENERGY USAGE,
MW
ENERGY INPUT,
MW
SYSTEMEFFICIENCY,
%
Thermal 36 000 lbs/hr 10.7
20.1
-
Electrical 5 460 kW 5.5 -
Total -- 16.2 20.1 80.5%
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CHP DIFFERENCE
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
43% Improvement in Efficiency
ENERGY ENERGY USAGEENERGY
USAGE, MWENERGY
INPUT, MWSYSTEM
EFFICIENCY
Thermal 36 000 lbs/hr 10.7 13.1 82%
Electrical 5 460 kW 5.5 15.6 35%
Total -- 16.2 28.7 56%
Thermal 36 000 lbs/hr 10.720.1
-
Electrical 5 460 kW 5.5 -
Total -- 16.2 20.1 80.5%
With
out C
HP
With
CH
P
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CHP APPLICATIONMore than 4,600 units in CHP Application
Solar Fleet fits most industrial thermal needs
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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GAS TURBINE ADVANTAGES FOR POWER GENERATION
• High System Efficiency
• High Availability / Reliability
• Low Emissions / Beneficial Use of Natural Gas
• Project Economics / Reduced Energy Cost
• Low Life-Cycle Cost
• Quick Delivery and “On-Line” Capabilities
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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11Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
AIR INLET
DRIVENEQUIPMENT
DRYER
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
CHP SYSTEM WITH DIRECT HEAT TO DRYER
FUEL
COMBUSTOR
EXHAUSTGAS
GENERATORkWe
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12Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
AIR INLET
GENERATOR
HEATEXCHANGER
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
WATER
STEAM
kWe
CHP SYSTEM WITH UNFIRED HEAT RECOVERY
FUEL
COMBUSTOR
EXHAUSTGAS
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13Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
CHP SYSTEM WITH SUPPLEMENTAL FIRING
AIR INLET
FUEL
COMBUSTOR
GENERATOR
HEATEXCHANGER
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
kWe
BURNEREXHAUSTGAS
WATER
STEAM
EXHAUSTGAS
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14Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
AIR INLETFILTER
DIVERTERVALVE
GAS TURBINE
GENERATOR
BYPASS EXHAUSTSILENCER
SUPPLEMENTALBURNER
HEATRECOVERYSTEAMGENERATOR(HRSG)
EXHAUSTSILENCER
STEAM
CHP SYSTEM WITH SUPPLEMENTAL FIRING
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15Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
COMBINED CYCLE SYSTEM
AIR INLET
FUEL
COMBUSTOR
GENERATOR
GAS TURBINE STEAM TURBINE
EXHAUSTGAS
WATER
STEAM
kWe
BOILER
GENERATOR kWe
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The picture can't be displayed.
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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17Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
Heat to Power: 1.5:1
Heat to Power:6.5:1
Supplementary Firing
unfired
2,800 ºF
Combined Heatand Power System
HEAT / POWER RATIOS FOR CHP
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GAS TURBINES
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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SOLAR GAS TURBINE FAMILIES
Centaur 40 & 504700-6130 hp3515-4600 kWE(Over 3700 Units)
Saturn 201590 hp/1210 kWE(Over 5040 Units)
Taurus 607700 hp/5670 kWe(Over 1990 Units)
Taurus 7010,915 hp / 7965 kWe(Over 860 Units)
Mars 90 & 10013,220 – 15,900 hp9450 – 11,350 kWe(Over 1390 Units)
Titan 13020,500 hp / 15,000 kWe(Over 860 Units)
Titan 25030,000 hp / 21,745 kWe(Over50 Units and Growing)
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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GENERATOR SET PERFORMANCE - ENGLISH UNITS
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
ISO Performance: 59F (15°C); Sea Level; No Inlet and Exhaust Losses. Specific Site Performance: 102 mm (4 inches) Inlet, 254 mm (10 inches) Exhaust Losses; Saturated Steam @ 10.3 Bar (150 psig)
PRODUCTPOWER
MWeHEAT RATEBtu/kW-hr
SITE SPECIFIC POWER– Thousand lbs/hr
EXHAUST TEMP
ºF
EXHAUST FLOWlb/hr
STEAM PRODUCTION
UNFIREDFIRED 1600ºF
FIRED 2800ºF
Saturn 20 1.2 14 025 952 51.5 8.9 18.5 40.0
Centaur 40 3.5 12 240 835 149.6 19.6 53.3 113.2
Centaur 50 4.6 11 630 956 150.3 25.3 53.0 112.4
Mercury 50 4.6 8 863 710 140.4 13.8 49.4 104.4
Taurus 60 5.7 10 860 960 171.3 29.8 62.0 130.5
Taurus 65 6.3 10 373 1032 163.4 32.1 60.5 128.3
Taurus 70 7.5 10 100 914 212.3 34.4 76.1 158.6
Mars 90 9.5 10 710 875 316.2 46.8 113.3 239.5
Mars 100 10.7 10 520 915 329.1 51.8 117.4 248.1
Titan 130 15.0 9 695 932 392.2 64.5 141.4 298.2
Titan 250 21.7 8775 865 541.5 77.5 298
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NEW EQUIPMENT SOLONOX EMISSIONS RATINGS – NATURAL GAS
Mercury 50
Titan 250Titan 130Mars 100
Taurus 70Taurus 65Taurus 60Centaur 50
Titan 250Titan 130Mars 100Mars 90Taurus 70Taurus 65Taurus 60Centaur 50Centaur 40
Titan 250Titan 130Mars 100Mars 90
Taurus 70
Taurus 60Centaur 50Centaur 40
ppm mg/Nm3 ppm mg/Nm
3 ppm mg/Nm3 ppm mg/Nm3
NOx 5 11 15 30 25 50 38 80
CO 10 13 25 30 50 64 50 64
UHC 10 8 25 18 25 18 25 18
Load Range 50-100% 50-100% 50-100% 50-100%
Ambient Temperature 0 to 120°F(–20 to 49°C)
0 to 120°F(–20 to 49°C)
0 to 120°F(–20 to 49°C)
0 to 120°F(–20 to 49°C)
ReferencePIL 233
Pipeline Quality Natural Gas, Titan 250 to 40% Load Standard. New Production HED Mars 100, Taurus 70 & Taurus 60 to 40% Load with SER New Production @ 42 ppm from -20 to 0°F (-29 to -20°C ), VOC can be estimated as 5-10% of UHC
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
Note: Conventional Combustion NOx emissions range: 120-350 ppm
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COMBUSTOR
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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TYPES OF COMBUSTION FLAMES
• Diffusion Flame (Conventional)− Air, Fuel Injected into Combustor Separately− Burning at Interface (Flame Front), Stoichiometric
Fuel-to-Air Ratio
• Lean, Premixed Flame (SoLoNOx)• Air, Fuel Premixed in Fuel Injector• Burning at Lower Temperature,
Fuel-Lean Conditions
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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• Industrial Gas Turbine
• Annular Combustor for Durability and Low Emissions
• 30,000 Hours Between Overhaul (MBTO)
• No Parts Change Between Overhaul
• Tilt-Pad Bearings Utilize Mineral (Non-Synthetic) OilCaterpillar: Non-Confidential
SOLAR GAS TURBINE DESIGN
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SOLAR’S COMBUSTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
FUEL INJECTORS
SoLoNOx
Conventional
SoLoNOxConventional
COMBUSTOR LINERS
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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COMBUSTION SYSTEM EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS
New Operating Range
FLAME TEMPERATURE(ALSO: FUEL/AIR RATIO)
EM
ISS
ION
S
NOxCO
LEAN STOICHIOMETRIC
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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TAURUS 60 GAS TURBINE GENERATOR SET
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
AIRINLET
FUEL MANIFOLD
GENERATOR
DIGITALCONTROLPANEL
AXIALEXHAUST
TERMINAL BOX
ACCESSORYREDUCTIONGEARBOX
CUSTOMER CONNECTIONBOX
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28Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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TAURUS 70 GAS TURBINE REMOVAL
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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30Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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31Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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32Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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TITAN 130 GENERATOR SET
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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34Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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35Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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36Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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TITAN 130 LUBE OIL SYSTEM
• PG Oil Pumps
• Main, Engine Driven
• AC Pre/Post
• DC Post Backup
• PG Oil Filters
• Simplex/Duplex with Transfer Valve
MAIN ENGINE DRIVEN OIL PUMP
DC BACKUP OIL PUMP
A/C PRE/POST OIL PUMP
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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38Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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39Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
PILOT FUEL CONTROL VALVE
GAS ONLY FUEL MODULE
MAIN FUEL CONTROL VALVE
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40Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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41Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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42Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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FIRE SUPPRESSION CABINET
• May be CO2 or Water Mist suppressant
• Activated by Fire System Controller
• Immediate Release Bottles• Extended Release Bottles• Manual Trip Mechanism
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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• Sound Attenuation for 85 dBA• Fire Detection, Fire Suppression, Gas Monitoring• Local or Remote Operation
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
PACKAGE PHILOSOPHY
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Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
SERVICE AGREEMENT OPERATIONAL GOALSMaximize ReliabilityControl Operating CostsMitigate Risks
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EQUIPMENT HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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THANK YOU
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
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All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced, displayed, modified or distributed without the express prior written permission of Solar Turbines Incorporated.
Caterpillar: Non-Confidential
Jon GreenMechanical Equipment Consultant
Lathrop-Trotter Co.Mobile: 513-478-7288 Email: [email protected]