COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY Draft - Papers · 3 DRAFT SPECIMEN MATERIAL Turn over 0 1 . 3 Figure 1...

This draft qualification has not yet been accredited by Ofqual. It is published to enable teachers to have early sight of our proposed approach to GCSE Combined Science: Synergy. Further changes may be required and no assurance can be given that this proposed qualification will be made available in its current form, or that it will be accredited in time for first teaching in September 2016 and first award in August 2018.

DRAFT SPECIMEN MATERIAL

GCSE

COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY Foundation Tier Paper 3F

Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a calculator • the periodic table (enclosed) • the Physics equation sheet (enclosed).

Instructions • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information • There are 100 marks available on this paper. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

Advice • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

Please write clearly, in block capitals, to allow character computer recognition.

Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature

F

Draft

2


0 1 This question is about forces and motion.

0 1 . 1 Speed is a scalar quantity.

Which of these describes a scalar quantity?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Has direction only

Has direction and magnitude

Has magnitude only

Has neither magnitude nor direction

0 1 . 2 What is the frictional force between two objects that are touching called?


Contact force

Gravitational force

Non-contact force

Stretching force

D

raft

3


Turn over

0 1 . 3 Figure 1 shows a newtonmeter measuring the weight of an object.

Figure 1

What is the weight of the object? [1 mark]

Weight =

N

0 1 . 4 The mass of a bag of sugar is 1 kg.

• On Earth the weight of this bag of sugar is 10 N.

• On Mars the weight of this bag of sugar is 4 N.

Why is the weight of the bag of sugar different on Earth and on Mars? [1 mark]

Draft

4


0 2 This question is about elements in the periodic table.

0 2 . 1 Figure 2 shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom.

Figure 2

What group of the periodic table is this atom in? [1 mark]

Group

0 2 . 2 Why are the noble gases in Group 0 unreactive?


They are all gases at room temperature

They all have the same atomic number

They are all in the same group of the periodic table

They all have a stable arrangement of electrons

Draft

5


Turn over

0 2 . 3 What is similar about the elements in the same group?


Chemical properties

Atomic numbers

Relative atomic masses

Question 2 continues on the next page

Draft

6


A teacher demonstrates the reaction of some alkali metals with water. Look at Figure 3.

Figure 3

The students write what they see:

1. the alkali metals float on water

2. the alkali metals fizz when they react with water

3. the universal indicator changes from green to purple

4. the sodium disappears faster than the lithium.

Draft

7


Turn over

0 2 . 4 Give a reason for each of the four things that the students see.

[4 marks]

The alkali metals float on water.

Reason

The alkali metals fizz when they react with water.

Reason

The universal indicator changes from green to purple.

Reason

The sodium disappears faster than the lithium.

Reason

Turn over for the next question

Draft

8


0 3 This question is about acids.

0 3 . 1 Which pH shows that a solution is acidic?


2

7

9

12

0 3 . 2 Acids are neutralised by alkalis.

Neutralisation is an exothermic reaction. What does exothermic mean? [1 mark]

0 3 . 3 Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation reactions?


H+ (aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq)

H+ (aq) + OH–(aq) H2O(l)

2 H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH–(aq)

H2O(l) 2 H+(aq) + O2–(aq)

Draft

9


Turn over

0 3 . 4 Nitric acid reacts with copper carbonate to produce a salt, water and

carbon dioxide. 2HNO3 + CuCO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 What is the name of the salt produced?

[1 mark]

0 3 . 5 Give the test for carbon dioxide. [2 marks]

Test

Result


Draft

10


0 4 The area around a magnet is called the magnetic field.

0 4 . 1 The Earth has a magnetic field.

What causes the Earth’s magnetic field?


The movement of liquid iron in the Earth’s outer core

The gravitational field of the Earth

The permanent magnet in the Earth’s core

0 4 . 2 Look at Figure 4.

What will happen in each case when the poles of two magnets are brought close

together? [2 marks]

Figure 4

Draft

11


Turn over

0 4 . 3 Figure 5 shows an electromagnet being used to lift a car in a scrapyard.

Figure 5

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using an electromagnet and not a

permanent magnet in a scrapyard. [3 marks]


Draft

12


0 5 An electric current is a flow of electrical charge through a circuit.

0 5 . 1 Draw one line from each symbol to the name of the component.

[3 marks]

0 5 . 2 In the UK the mains electricity is an a.c. supply.

What do the letters a.c. stand for?


Alternating charge

Alternating component

Alternating connection

Alternating current

Draft

13


Turn over

0 5 . 3 Table 1 shows information about some electrical appliances in a flat.

Table 1

The mains electricity in the flat is 230 V. The highest safe current in the mains circuit of the flat is 30 A. Explain why it is not safe to use all four appliances at the same time. In your answer you should:

• calculate the total power needed • use the equation

power = potential difference × current to calculate the total current needed.

[4 marks]

Draft

14


Figure 6 shows how electrical power is transferred from power stations to consumers using the National Grid.

Figure 6

0 5 . 4 Why is the potential difference increased by Transformer 1?


To allow the electrical charge to flow

To increase the current

To decrease the energy losses

To generate more power

0 5 . 5 Transformer 2 decreases the potential difference from the transmission cables.

Name this type of transformer. [1 mark]

Draft

15


Turn over

0 5 . 6 In a power station 900 MJ of thermal energy were released by burning natural gas.

Only 405 MJ of electrical energy were generated. Calculate the percentage efficiency of this energy transfer. [2 marks]

Efficiency =

%

0 5 . 7 Give one disadvantage of using natural gas instead of wind power to

generate electricity. [1 mark]


Draft

16


0 6 There are several different forms of carbon and many different carbon compounds.

0 6 . 1 Different forms of carbon have different bonding and structure.

Draw one line from the form of carbon to the bonding and structure. [3 marks]

Draft

17


Turn over

0 6 . 2 Crude oil is a mixture of many different carbon compounds.

What is the main type of carbon compound in crude oil?


Carbonate

Carbohydrate

Hydrocarbon

Oxide of carbon


Draft

18


0 6 . 3 Crude oil can be separated into useful fractions.

Figure 7 shows a column used to separate crude oil.

Figure 7

Complete the sentences. Use words from the box. [3 marks]

condense crystallisation distillation evaporate freeze neutralisation

Crude oil is heated so that most of the compounds At different temperatures the compounds cool and

This process is called fractional

Draft

19


Turn over

0 7 This question is about elements and compounds.

0 7 . 1 Some gases can be identified by a chemical test.

What is the test for chlorine?


Put in a lighted splint. The gas burns rapidly with a pop sound.

Put in a glowing splint. The gas relights the splint.

Put in damp litmus paper. The gas bleaches the litmus paper.

Put into limewater. The gas turns limewater cloudy.


Draft

20


Metals can be arranged in order of reactivity. A student reacted four metals with water and with a dilute acid to work out the order

of reactivity. Table 2 shows some of the observations.

Table 2

Metal Reaction with water Reaction with dilute acid

Calcium Bubbles of gas X

Copper Y No bubbles of gas

Magnesium Few bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

Zinc No bubbles of gas Bubbles of gas

0 7 . 2 Write the observations for X and Y.

[2 marks]

Observation at X

Observation at Y

0 7 . 3 Write the four metals, calcium, copper, magnesium and zinc, in order of reactivity.

[2 marks]

Most reactive

Least reactive

Draft

21


Turn over

Figure 8 shows the electrolysis of molten lead bromide.

Figure 8

0 7 . 4 What does inert mean?


It is a noble gas

It is unreactive

It is an ionic compound

It is a solid


Draft

22


0 7 . 5 The electrolyte contains lead ions (Pb2+) and bromide ions (Br–).

Complete the sentences. Use words from the box. [3 marks]

atoms bromide bromine

ions molecules oxygen

At the positive electrode the gas produced is

At the negative electrode electrons are gained by lead

so this forms lead

Draft

23


Turn over

0 8 There are three types of chemical bond: ionic, covalent and metallic.

0 8 . 1 Figure 9 shows the bonding in methane (CH4).

Figure 9

What type of bond does each line between carbon and hydrogen represent?

[1 mark]

0 8 . 2 Complete the sentence.

Use a word from the box. [1 mark]

atoms electrons ions

Metals are good conductors of electricity because electrical charge is transferred by delocalised


Draft

24


0 8 . 3 Figure 10 is a diagram of a pure metal and of an alloy of the metal.

Figure 10

Describe why alloys are harder than pure metals. [3 marks]

Draft

25


Turn over

0 8 . 4 A potassium atom reacts with a bromine atom to form potassium bromide.

Describe what happens to the potassium atom and the bromine atom when they react.

[3 marks]


Draft

26


0 8 . 5 Figure 11 shows the electrons on the outer shell of a hydrogen atom (X) and the

electrons on the outer shell of an oxygen atom (●).

Figure 11

Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons in a molecule of water.

[2 marks]

D

raft

27


Turn over

0 9 Chemical reactions can be described using symbol equations.

0 9 . 1 Complete the sentence.

Use words from the box. [1 mark]

an alloy a compound a mixture

Two or more elements chemically combine to form

Magnesium (Mg) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce magnesium chloride

(MgCl2) and hydrogen (H2).

0 9 . 2 Complete and balance the equation for this reaction.

[2 marks]

Mg +

+

0 9 . 3 Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Relative atomic masses (Ar): Mg = 24; Cl = 35.5

[2 marks]

Relative formula mass (Mr) =

Draft

28


0 9 . 4 Zinc carbonate decomposes when heated.

A student heated 125 g zinc carbonate (ZnCO3). Figure 12 shows how he set up the apparatus.

Figure 12

The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition reaction is: ZnCO3 (s) ZnO (s) + CO2 (g) The calculated mass of solid produced should be 81 g. In a chemical reaction the mass of all the products equals the total mass of all the

reactants. Why is the mass of the solid product less than 125 g? [1 mark]

0 9 . 5 The student found that he had more than 81 g of solid product after heating the zinc carbonate.

Suggest one reason why. [1 mark]

Draft

29


Turn over

1 0 This question is about speed.

1 0 . 1 What is a typical value for the speed of sound?


3 m/s

330 m/s

3330 m/s

300 000 000 m/s


Draft

30


Figure 13 shows a distance–time graph of a car.

Figure 13

1 0 . 2 Calculate the mean speed of the car between point A and point B.

[2 marks]

Mean speed =

m/s

Draft

31


Turn over

1 0 . 3 Describe the movement of the car between 20 s (point B) and 70 s (point E).

Use values from Figure 13 in your answer. [4 marks]

1 0 . 4 The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on the mass and the speed of the

object. A car has a mass of 1000 kg. Table 3 shows the kinetic energy of the car moving at 11 m/s. Table 3

Mass of car in kg Speed in m/s Kinetic energy in J

1000 11 60 500

1000 30

Complete the equation for calculating kinetic energy.

Ek =

Calculate the missing value in Table 3. [3 marks]

Kinetic energy = J

Draft

32


1 0 . 5 A man is driving his car at a constant speed.

He sees a fallen tree in the road and tries to stop quickly to prevent an accident.

Figure 14

Explain why the man may not be able to stop in time. [6 marks]

Draft

33


Turn over

1 1 The rate of chemical reactions can be changed by changing the conditions.

Figure 15 shows a reaction profile for a chemical reaction.

Figure 15

1 1 . 1 What does Z represent?


Energy given out

Overall energy change

Products energy

Reactants energy

1 1 . 2 The reaction profile in Figure 15 is for an exothermic reaction.

How does the diagram show that the reaction is exothermic? [1 mark]

Draft

34


1 1 . 3 Use the values on Figure 15 to calculate the overall energy change for the reaction.

[1 mark]

Overall energy change =

kJ

1 1 . 4 Calcium carbonate decomposes when it is heated:

CaCO3 (s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) Draw and label the reaction profile for this reaction on Figure 16. The labels should be the formulae of the reactants and the products. [3 marks]

Figure 16

Draft

35


Turn over

1 1 . 5 Give two reasons for using catalysts in chemical reactions. [2 marks]

1

2

1 1 . 6 Enzymes are biological catalysts.

What type of molecule is an enzyme?


Carbohydrate

Hydrocarbon

Lipid

Protein

1 1 . 7 If enzymes are denatured they stop working.

Give two ways an enzyme can be denatured. [2 marks]

1

2


Draft

36


END OF QUESTIONS

Copyright information Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team, AQA, Stag Hill House, Guildford, GU2 7XJ. Figure 5: © Dan Dumitru Comaniciu/Thinkstock Figure 14: © Dan Moore/Thinkstock Copyright © 2015 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

1 1 . 8 An enzyme called amylase catalyses the reaction that breaks down starch to smaller

molecules. One model used to explain how enzymes affect reactions is called the lock and key

model. Describe the lock and key model of enzyme action. Use the model to explain why amylase cannot be used to speed up all chemical

reactions. [4 marks]

Draft

COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY Draft - Papers · 3 DRAFT SPECIMEN MATERIAL Turn over 0 1 . 3 Figure 1...

Documents

Transcript of COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY Draft - Papers · 3 DRAFT SPECIMEN MATERIAL Turn over 0 1 . 3 Figure 1...