COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION 841 Chestnut … · COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION June 17, 1991...

C O M F E D E R A L P R O G R A M S C O R P O R A T I O N

June 17, 1991

Ms. Elaine SpiewakTES VII Regional Project OfficerU.S. Environmental Protection Agency841 Chestnut Building, 9th floorPhiladelphia, PA 19107

PROJECT: EPA CONTRACT NO: 68-W9-0004

DOCUMENT NO: TES7-C03099-EP-CHQN

SUBJECT: Work Assignment C03099Revised Health and Safety PlanWelsh Road/Barkman LandfillChester County, PennsylvaniaTES7-C03099-HS-CHQP

Dear Ms. Spiewak:Please find enclosed the Health and Safety Plan for the Welsh Road/BarkmanLandfill site in Chester County, Pennsylvania as partial fulfillment of thereporting requirements for this work assignment.

If you have any comments regarding this submittal, please contact me at(215) 293-0450 within two weeks of the date of this letter.

Sincerely,COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS ./ORPORATION (FPC)-- ——/• -g<? ff /i

/

Mafic diFeliciahtonioRegional Manager

MdP/jck

Enclosure

cc: Bettia HcGartney, EPA Work Assignment ManagerJean Wright, TES VII Zone Project Officer (letter only)Constance V. Braun, FPC Program ManagerStephanie Searcy, FPC

992 Cild Eagle School Road, Suite 919 Wayne, PA 19087 (215)293-0450 (215)211-

REVISED HEALTH AND SAFETY PLANWELSH ROAD/BARKMAN LANDFILLCHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Prepared for

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYOffice of Waste Prograns Enforcenent

Washington, D.C. 20460

Work Assignment No.EPA RegionSite No.Contract No.CDM FEDERAL PROGRAMSCORPORATION Document NO.Work Assignment Project ManagerTelephone NumberEPA Work Assignment ManagerTelephone NumberDate Prepared

C03099III3B8768-W9-0004

TES7-C03099-HS-CHQPChris Cherniak(215) 293-0450Donna McCartney(215) 597-1101June 17, 1991

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• 9

DIRECTIONS TO HOSPITAL

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AR300082

•>,• 1.

HEAT AND COLD STRESS

AR300083

Section 9.0 Revision Number: 1 Datt:11/1/87

SECTION 9.0 HEAT AND COLD STRESS

9.1 Introduction

Stress can contribute significantly to accidents or harm workers in other ways.The term stress denotes the physical (gravity, mechanical force, heat, cold, pathogen,injury) and psychological (fear, anxiety, crises, joy) forces that are experienced byindividuals.The body's response to stress occurs in three stages:

• Alarm reaction in which the body recognizes the stressor and the pituitary-adreno-cortical system responds by increasing the heart rate and bloodsugar level, decreasing digestive activity and dilating the pupils.

• Adaptive stage in which the body repairs effect of stimulation and the stresssymptoms disappear.

• Exhaustion stage in which the body can no longer adapt to stress andIndividual may develop emotional disturbances, and cardiovascular and renaldiseases.

The most common types of stress that affect field personnel are heat stress and coldstress. Current thinking is that heat and cold stress may be the most serious hazard toworkers at waste sites.

9.2 Heat Stress $

For field workers, heat stress usually is a result of protective clothing decreasing natural §body ventilation, although it may occur at any time work is being performed at elevated _itemperatures. p

oIf the body's physiological processes fail to maintain a normal body temperature becauseof excessive heat, a number of physical reactions can occur ranging from mild (such asfatigue, irritability, anxiety, and decreased concentration, dexterity, or movement) to fatal.Because heat stress is one of the most common and potentially serious illnesses at </>hazardous waste sites, regular monitoring and other preventative measures are vital. jtSite workers must learn to recognize and treat the various forms of heat stress. O*The best approach is preventative heat stress management. In general: -*

• Have workers drink 16 ounces of water before beginning work, such as °in the morning or after lunch. Provide disposible. 4 ounce cups, and waterthat is maintained at 50 - 60° F. Urge workers to drink 1 • 2 of these cupswater every 20-minutes. for a total of 1 -2 gallons per day. Provide a cool.preferably air conditioned area for rest breaks. Discourage the use of alco- 0hoi in non-working hours, and discourage the intake of coffee during working chours. Monitor for signs of heat stress. 3

Section 9.0 Revision Number: 1 Oate:1 1/1/87

• Acclimate worker* to site work conditions by slowly Increasing workloads,le., do not begin site work activities with extremely demanding activities.

• Provide cooling devices to aid natural body ventilation. These devices,however, add weight, and their use should be balanced against worker effi-ciency. An example of a cooling aid Is long cotton underwear which acts asa wick to help absorb moisture and protect the skin from direct contact withheat-absorbing protective clothing.

• Install mobile showers and/or hose-down facilities to reduce body tempera-ture and cool protective clothing.

• In hot weather, conduct field activities in the early morning or evening.• Ensure that adequate shelter Is available to protect personnel against

heat, as well as cold, rain, snow, etc., which can decrease physical effi-ciency and increase the probability of both heat and cold stress. If possible,set up the command post in the shade.

• In hot weather, rotate shifts of workers wearing impervious clothing.• Good hygienic standards must be maintained by frequent changes of

clothing and showering. Clothing should be permitted to dry during restperiods. Persons who notice skin problems should immediately consult medi-cal personnel.

9.3 Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is an acute and dangerous reaction to heat stress caused by a failure of heatregulating mechanisms of the body - the individual's temperature control system thatcauses sweating stops working correctly. Body temperature rises so high that braindamage and death will result if the person is not cooled quickly.

• Symptoms: Red, hot, dry skin, although person may have been sweatingearlier: nausea; dizziness; confusion; extremely high body temperature, rapidrespiratory and pulse rate; unconsciousness or coma.

• Treatment: Cool the victim quickly. If the body temperature is not broughtdown fast, permanent brain damage or death will result. Soak the victim incool but not cold water, sponge the body with cool water, or pour water onthe body to reduce the temperature to a safe level (102° F). Observe thevictim and obtain medical help. Do not give coffee, tea or alcoholicbeverages.

9.4 Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a state of very definite weakness or exhaustion caused by the loss offluids from the body. This condition is much less dangerous than heat stroke, but it

flR3000859-2

I1IiItiM«

nonetheless must be treated.

Symptoms: Pale, clammy, moist skin, profuse perspiration and extremeweakness. Body temperature is normal, pulse Is weak and rapid, breathing isshallow. The person may have a headache, may vomit, and may be dizzy.Treatment: Remove the person to a cool, air conditioned place, loosenclothing, place In a head-low position, and provide bed rest. Consult physi-cian, especially In severe cases. The normal thirst mechanism is not sensi-tive enough to ensure body fluid replacement. Have patient drink 1 - 2 cupswater immediately, and every 20-minutes thereafter, until symptoms subside.Total water consumption should be about 1 - 2 gallons per day.

i 9.5 Heat Cramps

Heat cramps are caused by perspiration that Is not balanced by adequate fluid intake.Heat cramps are often the first sign of a condition that can lead to heat stroke.

• Symptoms: Acute painful spasms of voluntary muscles; e.g., abdomen andextremities.

• Treatment: Remove victim to a cool area and loosen clothing. Have patientdrink 1 - 2 cups water Immediately, and every 20-minutes thereafter, untilsymptoms subside. Total water consumption should be 1 - 2 gallons per day.Consult with physician.

9.6 Heat Rash

Heat rash is caused by continuous exposure to heat and humid air and aggravated bychafing clothes. The condition decreases ability to tolerate heat.

• Symptoms: Mild red rash, especially in areas of the body in contact withprotective gear.

• Treatment: Decrease amount of time in protective gear, and provide powderto help absorb mositure and decrease chafing.

9.7 Heat Stress Monitoring and Work Cycle Management

For strenuous field activities that are part of on-going site work activities in hot weather,the following procedures shall be used to monitor the body's physiological response toheat, and to manage the work cycle, even if workers are not wearing impervious clothing.

9-3 AR300086

*Section 9.0 Revision Number: 1 Date: 11/1/87 X,

These procedures are to be instituted when the temperature exceeds 70° F. ••* . LW

• Measure Heart Rate (HR). Heart rate should be measured by the radialpulse for 30 seconds as early as possible in the resting period. The HR at ~ ~TBthe beginning of the rest period should not exceed 110 beats/minute. If the ||HR is higher, the next work period should be shortened by 33%, while thelength of the rest period stays the same. If the pulse rate still exceeds 110beats/minute at the beginning of the next rest period, the following workcycle should be further shortened by 33%. The procedure is continued untilthe rate Is maintained below 110 beats/minute.

• Measure Body Temperature. Body temperature should be measured orallywith a clinical thermometer as early as possible In the resting period. Oraltemperature (OT) at the beginning of the rest period should not exceed 99.6°F. If it does, the next work period should be shortened by 33%, while thelength of the rest period stays the same. If the OT exceeds 99.6° F at thebeginning of the next period, the following work cycle should be furthershortened by 33%. The procedure is continued until the body temperature Ismaintained below 99.6° F.

• Manage Work/Rest Schedule. The following work/rest schedule shall beused as a guideline:

Adjusted Active Work Time (min/hr)Temperature (>F) Using Level B/C Protective Gear75 or less 5080 4085 3090 2095 10100 0

Calculate the adjusted temperature:T (adjusted) = T (actual) + (13 x fraction sunshine)Measure the air temperature with standard thermometer. Estimate fraction of sunshine byjudging what percent the sun Is out: 100% sunshine - no cloud cover - 1.0; 50%sunshine - 50% cloud cover. - 0.5; 0% sunshine - full cloud cover - 0.0).Reduce or increase the work cycle according to the guidelines under heart rate and bodytemperature.

9.8 Cold Stress

Persons working outdoors In low temperatures, especially at or below freezing are subjectto cold stress. Exposure to extreme cold for a short time causes severe Injury to thesurface of the body, or results in profound generalized cooling, causing death. Areas ofthe body which have high surface area-to-volume ratio such as fingers, toes, and ears, arethe most susceptible.Protective clothing generally does not afford protection against cold stress. In manyinstances, it increases susceptabillty.

flR300087,9-4

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''"•>,Section 9.0 Revision Number: 1 Date: 11/1/ 7*

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Two factors Influence the development of a cold Injury: ambient temperature and thevelocity of the wind. Wind chill Is used to describe the chilling effect of moving air Incombination with tow temperature.As a general rule, the greatest incremental Increase In wind chill occurs when a wind of 5mph Increases to 10 mph. Additionally, water conducts heat 240 times faster than airThus, the body cools suddenly when chemical-protective equipment Is removed If theclothing underneath Is perspiration soaked.

9.9 FrostbiteLocal Injury resulting from cold Is Included In the generic term frostbite. Frostbite of theextremities can be categorized into:

• Frost nip or Inclpent frostbite Is characterized by sudden blanching orwhitening of skin.

• Superficial frostbite is characterized by skin with a waxy or white ap-pearance and is firm to the touch, but tissue beneath Is resilient.

• Deep frostbite is characterized by tissues that are cold, pale, and solid.To administer first aid for frostbite: Take the victim indoors and rewarm the areasquickly in water that is between 39° C and 41« C (102° F-1050 F). Give a warm drink - notcoffee, tea or alcohol. The victim must not smoke. Keep the frozen parts In warm water orcovered with warm clothes for 30 minutes, even though the tissue will be very painful asit thaws. Then elevate the Injured area and protect It from Injury. Do not allow blisters tobe broken. Use sterile, soft, dry material to cover the Injured areas. Keep victim warm andget immediate medical care.After thawing, the victim should try to move the injured areas a little, but no more than canbe done alone, without help.Note:

• Do not rub the frostbitten part (this may cause gangrene).• Do nor use ice, snow, gasoline or anything cold on the frostbitten area.• Do not use heat lamps or hot water bottles to rewarm the part.• Do not place the part near a hot stove.

9.10 HypothermiaSystemic hypothermia Is caused by exposure to freezing or rapidly dropping temperature.its symptoms art usually exhibited In five stages:

• Shivering• Apathy, llstlessness. sleepiness, and (sometimes) rapid cooling of the body

to less than 95° F• Unconsciousness, glassy stare, slow pulse, and stow respiratory rate• Freezing of the extremities• Death

As a general rule field activities shall be curtailed If equivalent chill temperature (°F) asdefined In Exhibit 9-1 is below zero (0° F) unless the activity is of an emergency nature.

l-j 9-s BR300088

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cectjon g Q Revision Number: 1 Date: 2/1/86

EXHIBIT 9-1: Cooling Power On Exposed Flesh Expressed As An EquivalentTemperature Under Calm Conditions

EstimatedWind Speed(in mph)

5

10

IS

20

25

30

35

40

(Wind speedsgreater than40 mph havelittle addi-tional effect.)

Actual56 40 30 26 10

Temperature Reading (OF)0 -10 -20

Equivalent Chill Temperature

50 40 30 20

48 37 27 16

40 28 16 4

36 22 9 -5

32 18 4 -10 .

30 16 0 - 1 5

28 13 -2 -18

27 11 -4 -20

26 10 -6 -21

LITTLE DANGERIn <hr with dry skin.Maximum danger offalse sense ofsecurity.

106-9

-18

-25

-29

-33

-35

-37

0

-5

-24

-32

-39

-44

-48

-51

-53

-10

-15

-33

-45

-53

-59

-63

-67

-69

-20

INCREASING DANGERDanger from freezingof exposed fleshwithin one minute.

Trenchfoot and inner si on foot may occur at

-26

-46

-58

-67

-74

-79

-82

-85

-30OF)

-30

-36

-58

-72

-82

-88

-94

-98

-too

-46

-40

-47

-70

-85

-96

-104

-109

-113

-116

~ 5 —— 0~

-50 -60

-57 -68

-83 -95

-99 -112

•110 -121

-118 -133

-125 -140

-129 -145

•132 -148

GREAT DANGERFlesh m»y freezewithin 30 seconds.

any point on this chart.

•Developed by U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine. Natick. MA.SOURCE: ACGIH, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Mork Environment for 1984-1985.

AR300089

HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURESFOR INITIAL WELL OPENING

AR300090

MEMORANDUM

TO: OFFICE HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICERS

FROM: Andrew P. Szilagyi

DATE: 22 January 1991

SUBJECT: Health and Safety Procedures for Initial Well Opening

As a typical task on roost, if not all environmental field investigations/monitoring wells are installed both on-site, the perimeter, and off-sitelocations. Activities centered around these wells usually include:

o Well development;o Water level measurements;o Slug/pump testing;o Geophysical (downhole) logging;o Water sampling, ando Surveying.

Experience in the field has shown three "constants"in areas of soil and/orground water contamination:

o Volatile and semi-volatile fractions of organic contaminants tendto accumulate in the well casing.

o In situations where this accumulation has not been initially noted,disturbance of the water column (e.g., bouncing a bailer) usuallyliberates some organic vapors.

o These organic vapors tend to escape the well stem/casing as a"slug", once the well-cap is removed from the well head (or uponwater column disturbance), and decrease in concentration rapidlyover time — usually reaching "background" concentrations within 30minutes. In highly contaminated areas, the concentration may notdecrease.

Based on the above information, the following procedures for initial wellopenings will be followed for all CDM Federal Programs Corporationactivities at sites where contamination history is not well documented andwhere the potential for ground water contamination by organic chemicals

AR30009J

exist:

1) A two-party team (observing the buddy system) will initiate wellopening PRIOR to any sampling or other intrusive activity.

2) Initial well opening will be conducted in a minimum of Level Crespiratory protection (i.e., full face respirator and appropriatecartridges based on the contaminant of concern — GMC-H orequivalent is a good overall choice).

3) Wells will be monitored with an OVA/HNu and/or other appropriatedirect reading instrument (HCN Monotox, CGI, etc.), based on thesite history. All readings will be recorded in the field logbooks.

4) If HCN (or other chemicals for which Level C does not affordadequate protection) are the contaminants of concern, initial wellopenings may have to be conducted in Level B protection.

5) If initial well readings are of such magnitude to indicate apotential health hazard from even a brief exposure to monitoringpersonnel, or to the neighboring community from the ventingprocess, the wells will be immediately recapped and locked.

6) If "positive" results are obtained from monitoring instruments, thewell will be allowed to vent for a time (experience has shown that15-30 minutes is sufficient; NOTE: This is only a guideline), andmonitored again prior to sampling or other intrusive activities.

7) If "negative" (i.e., background) readings are obtained (or ifinitial positive concentrations have decreased to backgroundlevels), work activities can be initiated in Level D respiratoryprotection. Note that activities which disturb the water columnmay liberate organic vapors previously not observed; as suchcontinuous monitoring is required. Based on instrument readingsand persistence over time, Level C or B (see 14 above) respiratoryprotection may have to be utilized again.

8) If "positive" readings have not diminished in the allotted timeframe, sampling and/or other intrusive activities will be conductedin minimum of Level C protection. Alternatively, additional time Ican be allotted for the venting process, however, if concentrations Ihave not decreased over about 30 minutes, it is unlikely thatadditional venting will result in any significant decreases.

9) At most sites, the organic contamination of soils and/or groundwater, and well casing is a complex mixture of numerous chemicalspecies, and as such, the standard conservative CDM FederalPrograms Corporation action levels for total organic vapors will beutilized to determine the appropriate level of protection. Insituations where ONLY one chemical exists, (e.g., TCE), the OSHAPEL combined with known chemical history (e.g., maximumconcentrations, potential degradations products - vinyl chloride,etc.), will guide the decision making logic for selecting levels of

AR300092

protection.10) Based on site specific conditions (security) and schedules, it is a

good practice to open all wells and conduct nonitoring sequentiallyprior to sampling. In this way, the maximum amount of time can begiven to the venting process without unnecessary delays.

At sites where the "contaminant history" is KNOWN and well understoodthrough previous sampling, and this data CONCLUSIVELY shows that organicsare not a concern (i.e., contamination is due to metals or otherinorganics with no volatilization or co-volatilization potential), theabove specified procedural requirement can be waived by presenting the dataand rational/justification in the Site Health and Safety Plan.

Should you have any questions or comments, please contact me.

AR300093

POISONING

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DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

AR300I08

o water supply ,

o Sanitation facilities,

o Generator (if no hook-up to local power supply available),

o Secure storage area (drum and equipment),

o Decontamination pad, material, and equipment,

o Arrangements for disposal of waste generated onsite.

A.3 DECONTAMINATION

Sampling and field analytical equipment, the drill rig, and, to someextent, field personnel will all need to undergo decontamination in thefield.

The following sequence of steps, in accordance with EPA Region IIIprotocol, will take place to decontaminate small field sampling equipment:

o Wash with a low-phosphate detergent.

o Rinse with tap water,

o Rinse with an ultra-pure dilute nitric acid solution. A ten percentacid solution is adequate. This step can be omitted if acid isintolerable to equipment,

o Rinse with deionized water,

o Rinse with methanol,

o Rinse with deionized water,

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AR300I09

o Air dry equipment,

o Cover equipment with aluminum foil if it is not to be useimmediately following decontamination.

Rinsing with dilute acid controls cross contamination of metals, whilerinses with the organic solvents control cross contamination of organicsubstances. All rinsate will be disposed in an acceptable manner accordingto EPA and State regulations.

The drill rig and downhole well equipment will be steam-cleaned uponarrival onsite, after each boring is completed and prior to each tripoff site. The decontaminated equipment will be stored in a separate area.Steam cleaning will take place at a designated staging area to bedetermined in the field. A decontamination pad will be constructed with animpermeable liner and, if necessary, equipped with a sump to facilitatecontainment requirements, in addition, all well construction materials,including riser, screens, etc., will be steam-cleaned prior toinstallation. Decontamination of field personnel will also take place asspecified in the site Health and Safety Plan.

A.4 MONITORING WELL INSPECTION AND TESTING

A.4.1 DOWNHOLE CAMERA INSPECTION

The downhole camera is a color video camera equipped with a wide-anglelens that allows a 360 degree view of the borehole. The downholecamera will be used for the identification and location of fracturesand other geological features.

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AR300110

COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION 841 Chestnut … · COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION June 17, 1991...

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Transcript of COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION 841 Chestnut … · COM FEDERAL PROGRAMS CORPORATION June 17, 1991...