Columna de Absorcion de Gases (UOP7) Marca ARMFIELD
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Transcript of Columna de Absorcion de Gases (UOP7) Marca ARMFIELD
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1 ANTECEDENTES.....................................................................................................2
2 DESCRIPCIN DEL EQUIPO..................................................................................5
2.1 Caractersticas tcnicas .......................................................................................53 PRACTICA 1 ...........................................................................................................!
3.1 O"#ETI$O..........................................................................................................!3.2 %ATERIALES....................................................................................................!3.3 PROCEDI%IENTO.............................................................................................!
3.3.1 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as...................................................................1,3.3.2 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e '-*i(.............................................................113.3.3 C&'c*'s......................................................................................................12
3./ PRE0UNTAS....................................................................................................13/ PRACTICA 2.........................................................................................................1/
/.1 O"#ETI$O........................................................................................................1//.2 %ATERIALES..................................................................................................1//.3 PROCEDI%IENTO...........................................................................................1/
/.3.1 C&'c*'s......................................................................................................1/./ PRE0UNTAS....................................................................................................2,
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1 ANTECEDENTES
%*cs )ateria'es *ti'ia(s en 'a in(*stria -*)ica se enc*entran en 4r)a (e )ec'as en
4ase +asesa '-*i(a s6'i(a. Us*a')ente se 7nen en cntact 4ases (e (i4erente nat*ra'ea
7ara se7arar *n (e 's c)7nentes (e 'a )ec'a ri+ina' a7r8ecan( (i4erencias en
a'+*na 7r7ie(a( en es7ecia'. Las 4ases en cntact 7(ran ser 7r e9e)7' +as:'-*i(
+as:s6'i( '-*i(:'-*i( etc.
D*rante e' cntact (e 'as (s 4ases 's c)7nentes (e e''as se re(istri;*C? c) s'8ente. La s'*ci6n a)niac:a+*a
-*e se ;tiene a' 4ina' (e 'a 7eraci6n 7*e(e ser se7ara(a 7r (esti'aci6n < as ;tener
a)niac re'ati8a)ente 7*r. E9e)7's (e i)7rtancia in(*stria' sn 'a re)ci6n (e (i6@i(
(e a*4re (e crrientes +asesas *ti'ian( s'*cines a'ca'inas 'a rec*7eraci6n (e CO n s*)inistra(? c'ca( 9*nt a 'a c'*)na. Este +as 7asa a tra8s (e *n
)e(i(r (e 4'*9 (e &rea 8aria;'e ca'i;ra( < se )ec'a cn *n 4'*9 (e aire ta);in (eca*(a' cnci( -*e 7r8iene (e *n c)7resr +iratri sit*a( en e' ;asti(r. La re'aci6n
(e +as a aire (e 'a )ec'a -*e entra en 'a c'*)na es 7r tant cnci(a < es 4&ci')ente
8aria;'e. La )ec'a (e +as entra 7r e' 4n( (e 'a c'*)na ascien(e a tra8s (e' 'ec
(ens < se cntrae en cntracrriente cn e' '-*i( -*e (escien(e 7r 'a c'*)na.
Uns 7*nts (e )*estre (e 7resi6n en 'a ;ase e' centr < 'a ca;ea (e 'a c'*)na 7er)iten
re+istrar 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n en 'a c'*)na *san( )an6)etrs. Ests 7*nts (e )*estre
ta);in 4recen *n )e(i 7ara e@traer )*estras (e +as (e 'a c'*)na. E' cnteni( en
(i6@i( (e car;n (e 'as )*estras (e +as se (eter)ina *san( *n a7arat (e e)7'. Lsca*(a')etrs 's )an6)etrs < e' e-*i7 (e an&'isis (e +as 8an )nta(s en *n 7ane'
traser 8ertica' a *na a't*ra c6)(a 7ara 'a 7eraci6n. >Bi+*ra 2 .2?
2.1 Caractr!"tica" t#cnica"
Ca7aci(a( (e' tan-*e (e a'i)entaci6n= 5,, 'itrs
Di&)etr (e 'a c'*)na= ,,!5)
$'*)en (e' re''en= !, 'itrs
A't*ra (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n= 1/)
Ti7 (e re''en= Ani''s Rasci+ 1,@1,))
Ca7aci(a( (e' c)7resr (e aire= ,15)3F)in a ,3;ar
Ca7aci(a( (e 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e 'a c'*)na=
Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e aire= 2, :1G, 'F)in.
Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e +as= 1, :22, 'F)in.
Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e a+*a= 1,:1,, 'F)in
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Figura 2.2 Es-*e)a (e' e-*i7 (e a;srci6n
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3 PRACTICA $1
3.1 O%&ETI'O
O7erar *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n ta)aH 'a;ratri 7ara ca'c*'ar 'a 8e'ci(a( (e
a;srci6n (e (i6@i( (e car;n en a+*a.
Ca'c*'ar 'as c)7sicines (e 'as crrientes (e +as < '-*i( (e 'a c'*)na (e
a;srci6n.
3.2 (ATERIALES
Crn6)etr
%ascari''as cntra +ases
Lentes (e se+*ri(a( G )atraces er'er)e
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Figura 3.3 L'ena( (e 's )atraces
/. Para 7re7arar esta s'*ci6n es necesari -*e c'-*e 32, + (e ssa c&*stica en /,
'itrs (e a+*a (esti'a(a.
5. $eri4i-*e -*e 'as 8&'8*'as (e cntr' (e +as C2< Cestn cerra(as >8er Bi+*ra 3 .
/?.
. E)7ear a en8iar e' '-*i( a tra8s (e 'a trre 7ara ' c*a' es necesari -*e
encien(a 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra 3 ./?.
Figura 3.4 Interr*7tres (e 'a c'*)na
!. A9*ste e' 4'*9 (e a+*a -*e circ*'a 7r 'a c'*)na en a7r@i)a(a)ente
'itrsF)in*t >8erBi+*ra 3 .5? 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a C1.
G
Interruptor dela bomba deagua
Vlvula C2
Vlvula C3
Vlvula C4
Interruptor delcompresor deaire
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Figura 3.) Rt&)etrs
G. Encien(a e' c)7resr < a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a (e cntr' C27ara -*e e' 4'*9 (e aire sea
(e a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, 'itrsF)in*t >8er Bi+*ra 3 .5?.
. A;ra c*i(a(sa)ente 'a 8&'8*'a (e re+*'aci6n (e' tan-*e (e (i6@i( (e car;n 8er Bi+*ra 3 .?.
Figura 3.* $&'8*'a (e' tan-*e (e CO2
1,. $eri4i-*e -*e e' '-*i( en 'a ;ase (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n 7er)aneca esta;'e
en cas (e n ser as ser& necesari -*e a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a C! 8er Bi+*ra 3 ./.
11. Des7*s (e -*e 'a c'*)na a
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Figura 3.+P*nts (e )*estre (e +as
3.3.1 An,-i"i" -a" /u"tra" ga"
12. Antes (e rea'iar 's )*estres (e +as es necesari -*e 7*r+*e 'as 'neas 7ara est se
(e;e *ti'iar e' ci'in(r -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte s*7erir (e' 7ane' se s*ccinan
)*estras < 7sterir)ente sn e@7*'sa(as a 'a at)6s4era 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a (e
8ente. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e' ci'in(r es (e 1,, )'. Re7ita est asta -*e se aBi+*ra 3 .Ga?.
1/. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en t)a( re7resenta e' "1 >7ara este cas e' 8'*)en (e;e (e sera7r@i)a(a)ente (e /, )'?.
15. Es7ere a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, se+*n(s 7ara -*e e' +as )*estrea( ''e+*e a 'a
te)7erat*ra (e' ci'in(r.
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1. Ara se (e;e 8eri4icar -*e e' ci'in(r -*e(e ais'a( (e 'a c'*)na < 's +';s
7sterir)ente a;ra 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < (e9e e' ci'in(r a 7resi6n at)s4rica 7r
5 se+*n(s.
1!. Una 8e -*e an 7asa( 's 1, se+*n(s cierre 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < cnecte e'
ci'in(r cn 's +';s. N6tese -*e e' ni8e' (e 's +';s n (e;e ca);iar si 'sni8e'es ca);ian (e;e 8'8er a re7etir e' 7as 1/.
1G. Lenta)ente e)7*9e e' 7ist6n (e' ci'in(r 7ara 8aciar e' cnteni( (e ste (entr (e
's +';s. Psterir)ente 9a'e e' 7ist6n asta e' 8'*)en ri+ina' > "1? $er Bi+*ra
3 .a < ;.
Figura 3.9 Calculo del V2
1. Lea e' 8'*)en >Bi+*ra 3 .;? e' c*a' re7resenta e' 8'*)en (e' +as )*estrea(.
2,. L'ene 'a Ta;'a 3 .1.
3.3.2 An,-i"i" -a" /u"tra" -!ui
21. T)e (s )*estras (e 15, )' ca(a *na en 's 7*nts (e )*estre -*e se ;ser8an
en 'a Bi+*ra 3 .1, crres7n(iente a 'a 7arte (e '-*i(.
Figura 3.1 P*nts (e )*estre (e '-*i(
11
S4
S
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22. E@trai+a (e 'a )*estra (s 7rcines (e 5, )' < c'car'as en )atraces Er'en)eT?.
Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e &ci( a(icina( T2re7resenta e' necesari 7ara ne*tra'iar
s6' e' i(r6@i( (e s(i ri+ina' < T2-T re7resenta 'a (i4erencia entre e' tta' (e
&ci( re-*eri( 7r e' car;nat < e' i(r6@i(.
3.3.3 C,-cu-"
2G. Cncentraci6n (e NaO.
#"
Tlmol$C
mues%&a
C 2.,?F> 3 =
Ecuacin 3.)2. Cncentraci6n (e NA2CO3.
( )5.,2.,?F> 32
= #"
TTlmol$C
mues%&a
'
Ecuacin 3.*
3,. L'enar 'aTa;'a 3 .2
Ta-a 3.1 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as
FLU&OS DE ENTRADAFLU&OS
DESALIDA
TIE(PO Aire CO2 Tta' %*estra )*estra
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5/in6 B1 B2 B2MB3 i>$2F$1?i ,>$2F$1?,
,
1,: : :
2, : : :
3, : : :
3.3.4
Ta-a 3.2 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e '-*i(
AN7LISIS DE LAS (UESTRASCO2 A"ri n
S)5g8/-9"6
CO2 A"ri nS4
5g8/-9"6
(UESTRAS DEL TANQUEDE ALI(ENTACIN 5S)6
(UESTRA DE LASALIDA DE LA TORRE
5S46
TIE(PO5/in6
T1>)'?
T2>)'?
T3>)'?
CC CN T1
>)'?T2
>)'?T3
>)'?CC CN
Li>CN?:> CN?i
OLi,.5>CC?i:> CC?
Li>CN?:> CN?i
OLi,.5>CC?i:> CC?
,1,2,3,
3.4 PRE:UNTAS
Ca'c*'e 'as 4raccines )'ares (e 'a )ec'a (e +as en 'as )*estras rea'ia(as a 'a
entra(a centr < sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n >*ti'iar 'a ta;'a @?.
Ca'c*'e 'a canti(a( (e CO2a;sr;i( 7r )e(i (e 'a tit*'aci6n (e 'as )*estras.
Rea'ice *na c*r8a -*e re7resente 'a 8e'ci(a( (e a;srci6n (e' CO2en e' a+*a.
Rea'ice *na c*r8a -*e re7resente e' tie)7 cntra 'a c)7sici6n (e' +as a 'a entra(a
< a 'a sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na.
Cite 'as 8enta9as < (es8enta9as (e 'as trres e)7aca(as 8s 'as (e 7'ats.
E@7'i-*e 's ti7s (e e)7aca( -*e e@isten < s*s 7rinci7a'es caractersticas.E@7'i-*e 's criteris 7ara 'a 7ti)iaci6n (e *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n e)7aca(a res7ect a
csts cnsi(eran( (i8erss ti7s < ta)aHs (e e)7aca(.
Descri;a 'as cn(icines (e car+a e in*n(aci6n (e *na c'*)na e)7aca(a.
Descri;a trs ti7s (e e-*i7 en 's -*e se 7*e(e ''e8ar a ca; 'a 7eraci6n (e a;srci6n.
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4 PRACTICA $2
4.1 O%&ETI'O
O7erar *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n ta)aH 'a;ratri 7ara e' c&'c*' (e 'a (e 'a
canti(a( (e CO2a;sr;i(.
Deter)inar e' ce4iciente +enera' (e trans4erencia (e )asa >+?
4.2 (ATERIALES
E-*i7 (e )e(ici6n (e 4'*9
Crn6)etr
NaO
A+*a (esti'a(a. 1 e);*(
4.3 PROCEDI(IENTO
Antes (e 7rce(er a 'a rea'iaci6n (e 'as )e(icines se (e;en se+*ir 's si+*ientes 7ass
7ara 'a 7*esta en )arca (e' e-*i7.
1. L 7ri)er ''ena 's +';s (e' e-*i7 (e an&'isis -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte
i-*ier(a (e' 7ane' >Bi+*ra / .11? cn *na s'*ci6n 1.,% (e ssa c&*stica. A9*ste e'
ni8e' en 's +';s asta -*e e' ni8e' )ar-*e ,J. Se 7*e(e *sar 'a 8&'8*'a C8.
Figura 4.11 L'ena( (e 's )atraces
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2. Para 7re7arar 'a s'*ci6n 1% (e ssa c&*stica es necesari -*e c'-*e G + (e NaO
en 2,, )' (e a+*a (esti'a(a.
3. Psterir)ente (e;e ''enar e' tan-*e (e s*)inistr asta 's tres c*arts (e s*
ca7aci(a( cn *na s'*ci6n ,.2 % (e ssa c&*stica.
/. Para 7re7arar esta s'*ci6n es necesari -*e c'-*e 32, + (e i(r6@i( (e s(i en/, 'itrs (e (e a+*a (esti'a(a.
5. $eri4i-*e -*e 'as 8&'8*'as (e cntr' (e +as C2< Cestn cerra(as.
. E)7iece a en8iar e' '-*i( a tra8s (e 'a trre 7ara ' c*a' es necesari -*e
encien(a 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra / .12?.
Figura 4.12 Interr*7tres (e 'a c'*)na
!. A9*ste e' 4'*9 (e a+*a -*e circ*'a 7r 'a c'*)na en a7r@i)a(a)ente
'itrsF)in*t >8er Bi+*ra / .13? 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a C1.
15
Interruptor dela bomba deagua
Interruptor dela bomba deagua
Vlvula C2
Vlvula C3
Vlvula C4
Vlvula C2
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Figura 4.13 Rta)etrs
G. Encien(a e' c)7resr < a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a (e cntr' C27ara -*e e' 4'*9 (e aire sea
(e a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, 'itrsF)in*t >8erBi+*ra / .13?.
. A;ra c*i(a(sa)ente 'a 8&'8*'a (e re+*'aci6n (e' tan-*e (e (i6@i( (e car;n 8erBi+*ra / .1/?.
Figura 4.14 $&'8*'a (e' tan-*e (e CO2
1,. $eri4i-*e -*e e' '-*i( en 'a ;ase (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n 7er)aneca esta;'e
en cas (e n ser as ser& necesari -*e a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a C!.
11.Des7*s (e -*e 'a c'*)na a
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Figura 4.1)P*nts (e )*estre (e +as12. T)e 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n en 'a c'*)na 7r )e(i (e 's )an6)etrs en e' cas (e
-*e 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n sea )*< 7e-*eHa 7ara e' )an6)etr (e )erc*ri es
necesari *ti'iar e' )an6)etr (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra / .1?.
Figura 4.1* %an6)etrs13. T)e 'a te)7erat*ra (e a'i)entaci6n (e +as 7ara ' c*a' es necesari cntar cn *n
ter)6)etr (i+ita'.
1/. De;e ca'c*'ar 'a 4racci6n 8'*)en en 'a entra(a < sa'i(a (e +as en 'a c'*)na (e
a;srci6n e)7'ean( e' a7arat (e e)7'.
15. Antes (e rea'iar 's )*estres (e +as es necesari -*e 7*r+*e 'as 'neas 7ara est
(e;e *ti'iar e' ci'in(r -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte s*7erir (e' 7ane' se s*ccinan
)*estras < 7sterir)ente sn e@7*'sa(as a 'a at)6s4era 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a (e
8ente. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e' ci'in(r es (e 1,, )'. Re7ita est asta -*e se a
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Figura 4.1+ P*r+a < (escar+a a 'a at)6s4era
1. Una 8e -*e 's +';s an si( ais'a(s < e' 8ente a 'a at)6s4era a si( cerra(a
se'eccine *na 'nea (e )*estre < ''ene e' ci'in(r 9a'an( e' 7ist6n 'enta)ente.
1!. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en t)a( re7resenta e' "1 >7ara este cas e' 8'*)en (e;e (e ser
a7r@i)a(a)ente (e /, )'?.
1G. Es7ere a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, se+*n(s 7ara -*e e' +as )*estrea( ''e+*e a 'a
te)7erat*ra (e' ci'in(r.
1. Ara (e;e 8eri4icar -*e e' ci'in(r -*e(e ais'a( (e 'a c'*)na < 's +';s
7sterir)ente a;ra 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < (e9e e' ci'in(r a 7resi6n at)s4rica 7r
1, se+*n(s.2,. Una 8e -*e an 7asa( 's 1, se+*n(s cierre 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < cnecte e'
ci'in(r cn 's +';s. N6tese -*e e' ni8e' (e 's +';s n (e;e ca);iar si 's
ni8e'es ca);ian (e;e 8'8er a re7etir e' 7as 1/.
1G
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Figura 4.10 Ca'c*' (e' $2
21. Lenta)ente e)7*9e e' 7ist6n (e' ci'in(r 7ara 8aciar e' cnteni( (e ste (entr (e
's +';s. Psterir)ente 9a'e e' 7ist6n asta e' 8'*)en ri+ina' >$1?. $er Bi+*ra
/ .1G.
22. Lea e' 8'*)en >Bi+*ra / .1G;? e' c*a' re7resenta e' 8'*)en (e' +as )*estrea(.
23. L'ene 'a Ta;'a / .3.
4.3.1 C,-cu-"
2/. Psterir)ente (e;e ca'c*'ar 'a canti(a( (e CO2-*e es a;sr;i( 7r 'a s'*ci6n (e
NAO *ti'ian( 'a ec*aci6n 1.
25. Ca'c*'e 'a 7resi6n 7arcia' (e CO2 a 'a entra(a >Pi? < a 'a sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na >P? en
at) *ti'ian( 'a ec*aci6n /.
2. Cncien( 'a canti(a( (e CO2 a;sr;i( < 'as caractersticas (e 'a c'*)na
7(e)s cncer e' ce4iciente (e trans4erencia a7'ican( 'a ec*aci6n 3.
Ta-a 4.3 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as
FLU&OS DE ENTRADA FLU&OS DE SALIDA
AireB1
CO2B2
Tta'B2MB3
%*estra )*estra
i>$2F$1?i ,>$2F$1?,
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4.4 PRE:UNTAS
Uti'ian( 'as ec*acines )stra(as en 's antece(entes (eter)inar 'a canti(a( (e
CO2a;sr;i( rea'ian( *n ;a'ance (e )ateria en 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n.
Rea'ice e' ;a'ance (e )ateria en 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n *ti'ian( 's 8a'res
;teni(s (e e''a.
Rea'ice c&'c*' (e' ce4iciente (e trans4erencia 7ara 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n.
Cite 'as 8enta9as < (es8enta9as (e 'as trres e)7aca(as 8s 'as (e 7'ats.
E@7'i-*e 's ti7s (e e)7aca( -*e e@isten < s*s 7rinci7a'es caractersticas.
E@7'i-*e 's criteris 7ara 'a 7ti)iaci6n (e *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n e)7aca(a res7ect a
csts cnsi(eran( (i8erss ti7s < ta)aHs (e e)7aca(.
Descri;a 'as cn(icines (e car+a e in*n(aci6n (e *na c'*)na e)7aca(a.
Descri;a trs ti7s (e e-*i7 en 's -*e se 7*e(e ''e8ar a ca; 'a 7eraci6n (e a;srci6n.
2,