Colour Theory
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Transcript of Colour Theory
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Colour Theory
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Colour Theories
1. Subtractive Theory• The subtractive, or
pigment theory deals with how white light is absorbed and reflected off of colored surfaces.
2. Additive Theory• The Additive, or light
theory deals with radiated and filtered light.
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Subtractive Theory• Black absorbs most light• White reflects most light• Coloured Pigments absorb light and
reflect only the frequency of the pigment colour.
• All colours other than the pigment colours are absorbed so this is called subtractive colour theory.
• The primary colours in Subtractive Theory are:– Cyan ( C )– Magenta ( M )– Yellow ( Y )– Black ( K )
• Subtractive or Pigment Theory is used in printing and painting.
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Additive Theory• Black radiates no light• White (sun) radiates all light• Video is the process of capturing and
radiating light, therefore it uses Additive (Light) Theory not Subtractive (Pigment) Theory.
• The primary colours in Additive Theory are:– Red ( R )– Green ( G )– Blue ( B )
• The primary colours add together to make white
• Light Theory is also called Additive Theory.
• Light Theory is used in Television, theater lighting, computer monitors, and video production.
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The Visible Spectrum
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The Colour Wheel
If the ends of the spectrum are bent around a colour wheel is formed:
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The Colour Wheel• Colours on the wheel
can be described using three parameters:
1. Hue: degrees from 0˚ to 360˚
2. Saturation: brightness or dullness
3. Value: lightness or darkness
(As suggested by Henry Albert Munsell in A Colour Notation, 1905)
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The Colour Tree by American artist Henry Albert Munsell fromA Colour Notation, 1905.
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The Colour Wheel: Hue• Hue or Spectral Colour is
represented as an angle.• Primary Colours:
• 0˚ = Red• 120˚ = Green• 240˚ = Blue
• Secondary Colours:• 60˚ = Yellow• 180˚ = Cyan• 300˚ =
Magenta
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The Colour Wheel: Saturation• Saturation or Chroma is
the intensity of a colour.• A highly saturated colour
is bright and appears closer to the edge of the wheel.
• A more unsaturated colour is dull.
• A colour with no saturation is achromatic or in the grey scale.
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The Colour Wheel: Value"the quality by which we distinguish a light color from a dark one."
- Albert Henry MunsellA Colour Notation 1905
Value represents the
luminescent contrast value between black and white
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The Colour Wheel: Value
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The Colour Wheel: Value
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The Colour Wheel 3dThree parameters to describe a colour: Hue
Chroma Value
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Tone = Shade + Tint
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Colour Pickers
• HSB, HLS, HSV• RGB• CMYK• Others
– Crayon– Lab– PANTONE
Munsell’s notation wheel
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Colour Pickers: HSB, HLS, HSV
• HSV• Hue• Saturation• Value
• HSB (Same as HSV)• Hue• Saturation• Brightness
• HLS• Hue• Lightness• Saturation
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Colour Pickers: RGB, CMYK• RGB
• Red• Green• Blue
– Used in Video and Computer graphics
– 3 Values in % or between • 0-255
• CMYK• Cyan• Magenta• Yellow• K = Black
– Used for printing
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Colour Pickers: Crayon, PANTONE
• Crayon• Easy to use
Pantone Colour Matching SystemStandard for the printing industry
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Colour Pickers: Lab
L,a,b Colour opposition correlatesL = Lightness (0 = White,
100 = Black)+a to -a = Red to Green+b to -b = Yellow to Blue
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Colour Pickers: Bit Depth
• Each colour is described by 3 values, each with a possible range of 0 to 255.
• 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colours
• 224 = 16,777,216 = 24 bit colour
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Colour SchemesSystematic ways of selecting colours
• Monochromatic• Complimentary• Analogous• Warm • Cool• Achromatic• Chromatic Grays
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Colour Schemes: Monochromatic
• Monochromatic: One Hue many values of Tint and Shade
Artist: Marc ChagallTitle: Les Amants Sur Le Toit
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Colour Schemes: Complimentary
• Complimentary: Colours that are opposite on the wheel. High Contrast
Artist: Paul Cezanne Title: La Montage Saint VictoireYear: 1886-88
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Colour Schemes: Analogous
• Analogous: A selection of colours that are adjacent. Minimal contrast
Artist: Vincent van GoghTitle: The IrisYear: 1889
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Colour Schemes: Warm
Warm: First half of the wheel give warmer colours. The colours of fire.
Artist: Jan VermeeTitle: Girl Asleep at a Table Year: 1657
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Colour Schemes: Cool
Cool: Second half of the wheel gives cooler colours
Artist: Pablo PicassoTitle: Femme Allongée Lisant Year: 1939
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Colour Schemes:Achromatic, Chromatic Grays
Achromatic: Black and white with all the grays in-between.
Chromatic Grays: Also called neutral relief. Dull colours, low contrast.
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Colour Theory• Colour Theories
– Subtractive (ink)– Additive (video)
• The Colour Wheel• Colour Pickers
– HSB, RGB, CMYK• Colour Schemes
– Monochromatic– Analogous– Complimentary– Warm, Cool