Colostrum management in Belgian Blue Cattle · 2014-10-24 · • Only once colostrum • 30 min...
Transcript of Colostrum management in Belgian Blue Cattle · 2014-10-24 · • Only once colostrum • 30 min...
Colostrum management in Belgian Blue Cattle
Dr Geert Hoflack MSD Animal Health
Belgium
Introduction
Introduction
Courtesy of Dr. J. Coghe
Introduction
400 SC / Year
Neonatal immunity
Epithelio-chorial placenta 6 layers
Hemo-chorial placenta 3 layers
Colostrum management • Colostrum = liquid gold • Prevention of:
– Omphaloflebitis – Enteritis – Pneumonia – ...
• Immunity: – Parental: < 24h: 10 gr IgG / l serum – Local:
• Unlimited • In practice: 14-21 d
Colostrum management • Colostrum = liquid gold
• Lower Morbidity • Lower Mortality • Better ADWG • Lower age at first calving • Improved milk production • (Tendency for) lower culling rate
Colostrum management
• Colostrum Quality
• Colostrum Quantity
• Timing of first colostrum
• Bacteriological quality
Colostrum management
• Colostrum Quality
• Colostrum Quantity
• Timing of first colostrum
• Bacteriological quality
Breed Colostrum quantity (l) Ig Concentration (g/l)
BBB 1 70-120
HF 5-12 55-75
Dual purpose 5-7 70-80
HF: 48 g/l BBB: 103 g/l
Colostrum quality
Breed differences
Colostrum quality • Breed • Dry period: > 30d • Parity: > 3
• Nutrition during dry period • Mastitis • Parasitic infection • ...
> 50 g/l
Colostrum management
• Colostrum Quality
• Colostrum Quantity
• Timing of first colostrum
• Bacteriological quality
Colostrum quantity Colostrum supply: -10% BW < 24h? - 4l < 6h ? Critical IgG mass = 100gr IgG Better: 200gr IgG 10g IgG/l serum Strive for 300gr IgG > 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr IgG
Colostrum quantity
4l x 50grIgG/l = 200 gr IgG - Low volume, higly concentrated - High volume, poorly concentrated Measure colostrum quality: colostrometer Estimate amount of colostrum necessary
> 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr Ig
< 6h pp
Colostrum quality • Direct method: RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) • Indirect method
– Colostrometer: t°C dependent (22°C) – Brix Refractometer (optical or digital): t°C independent
• Quigley et al., 2012 • Brix 21% Colostrum IgG > 50 g/l (sens: 92,9 %, spec: 65,5%) • IgG colostrum = (5,666 x Brix) - 61,896 • IgG colostrum = (5,5 x Brix) – 61 • 25 g = 15,3 ; 50 g = 19,8 ; 75 g = 24,2 ; 100 g = 28,6
Colostrum management
• Colostrum Quality
• Colostrum Quantity
• Timing of first colostrum
• Bacteriological quality
Timing of first colostrum • Collection: EARLY PP
• At calving • 2h pp • < 6h pp!
0 h 12 h 24 h Fat % 9 6 5 Protein % (80% Ig) 15 5 4
Timing of first colostrum
- < 6h pp, 12h pp, 24h pp
- FEEDING: 2l immediately after birth: < 2h pp < > Nursing - Drinking behaviour BB:
• Interval parturition – suckling: 597 + 78 min = 10h! • Ingested milk: - first intake: 1.66 + 0.26 kg - within 24 h: 2.75 + 0.28 kg
Esophageal feeding?
• Gastric tube: – Colostrum: + 3h – Coli enteritis – dehydration
• Risc:
– Reduced Apparent Efficiency of Absorption < > Time: + 3h
– Ruminal drinking
Colostrum management
• Colostrum Quality
• Colostrum Quantity
• Timing of first colostrum
• Bacteriological quality
Bacteriological quality • Avoid bacterial contamination FPT
• + Cows <> pooling • Clean udder: wash + DRY • Milking equipment • Sanitation of colostrum-collection, - storage and
- feeding equiment – Buckets – Teats – Esophageal tube – ...
Bacteriological quality • Storage < > bacterial multiplication • Direct shedding or (post)harvest contamination
– Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis – Escherichia Coli – Salmonella spp. – Listeria monocytogenes – Mycoplasma bovis – Staphylococcus aureus – Campylobacter spp. – ...
Bacteriological quality • Storage < > bacterial multiplication
– Pasteurize: 60°C for 30 (- 60)min • 30- 60 - 120min • at 60°C <> 63°C • Volume! Small... • Initial quality! Low...
– Refrigerate to 4°C – Freeze
• 1 year • < 7 d after thawing
FPT • Failure of passive transfer • < 10g IgG1 / l serum 24-48h pp • Test? Sens and Spec...
– RID!! – Brix (Optical or Digital) Refractometry – Serum total protein
• 52 g TP / l serum = 10g IgG1 / l serum • 55g TP / l serum in dehydrates calves
– Zn sulphate turbidity (serum, test fluid) • Inadequate PT: Se: 1; Sp: 0,52
– None entirely satisfactory... • Adequate level?
Serum IgG • Direct method:
– RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) – Electroforesis
• Indirect method – Serum total protein – Refractometer Brix:
• Morrill et al., 2013 • Brix 7,8% Serum IgG > 10g/l (sens: 90%, spec: 94,29%) • Serum IgG = (9,12846 x Brix) – 59,2122 • Serum Ig G = (9 x Brix) – 59
Serum IgG
• Check colostrum management • Cow side – in lab
– Calves 48 - 72h of age – Number: ?, 5
– Zink sulfate turbidity test (indirect)
• Good (> 30 IU/l) • Intermediate: long term colostrum (> 20 IU/l) • Bad: blood transfusion or sell (< 20 IU/l) • Cut-off: 18 IU/l • 4/5 good
Colostrum management: continued supplementation
Gr/l IgG IgM IgA Colostrum 60 8 4 Melk 0.8 0.08 0.08
Intestine: Ig A, Ig G 4 l milk vs 2 x / d 100 ml colostrum
–Ig G: 3.2 g vs 12 g –Ig A: 0.32 g vs 0.8 g
Less diarrhea (and better ADWG)
Colostrum management: continued supplementation
Colostrum management: continued supplementation
• Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d • Prevents diarrhea after Rota challenge
– 2d pp: inoculation – 21d pp: challenge
• Less diarrhea and less virus shedding • Immunomodulation (beyond 14d of
supplementation) – Systemic: suppression of antibody secretion – Local = intestine: stimulation , IgA en G
Colostrum management: continued supplementation
• Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d – 4l milk/d 32ml/d – 6l milk / d 48ml/d
• Advise:
– 50 (– 100) ml 2x/d – 0 – 14 d (- 21d) pp
• > 7d! – Goal: 10g 2x/d during 14d
Colostrum is more... • Colostrum = liquid gold
• Immunonological components
– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes
• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation : peak 24h post feeding • + Effects on immunity!
– Antigen-specific immunity! – Development of the neonatal immune system
HUMORAL Immunity CELLULAR Immunity
Colostrum is more... • Colostrum = liquid gold
• Immunonological components
– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes
• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation • + Effects on immunity!
PROPER FRESH DAM COLOSTRUM < > Pooling - Ig dilution: overall lower Ig G content - Disease transmission: Johne’s disease
Colostrum is more... • Colostrum = liquid gold
• Immunonological components
– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes
• Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) • Into peripheral circulation • + Effects on immunity!
– Cytokines
Colostrum is more... • Colostrum = liquid gold
• Immunonological components
– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes – Cytokines
• Hormones • Easily digestable concentrated nutrients • (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth Factors, Tumor
necrosis factor-α • ...
EPITHELIOTROPIC
Colostrum is more... • Immunonological components
– Immunoglobulins!!! – Colostral leukocytes – Cytokines
• Hormones • Easily digestable concentrated nutrients • (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth
Factors, Tumor necrosis factor-α • ...
• Colostrum replacers? • Colostrum supplements!
Colostrum management BB • Only once colostrum • 30 min after birth • How:
– 1. Ad libitum drinking • L colostrum x gr IgG (colostrum meter)
– 2. Continue with esophageal tube feeding • Until full
• Do not force: 3,7 – 4,2l – ECI Marloie when shortage: 75gr IgG / l – Total: Dam + Marloie > 300 gr IgG
• Stand up at 4h of age • No feeding until hungry: 36hpp
Colostrum management BB
7020 40 kg 16/1/6 u 1 L 50 gr + 600 gr 32,5
7021 50 kg 18/1/6 u 3,5 L 65 gr 34,8
7022 40 kg 21/1/15 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37,3
7023 55 kg 24/1/08 u 4,5 L 75 gr 36,4
7024 50 kg 26/1/09 u 4,5 L 87,5 gr 47,3
7025 60kg 26/1/18 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37,1
7026 55 kg 26/1/22 u 3 L 100 gr 36,8
7027 55 kg 26/1/23 u 3,5 L 100 gr 42
7028 50 kg 27/1/13 u 4,2 L 67,5 gr 38,1
7029 40 kg 28/1/16 u 2 L 112,5gr + 200gr 38,1
Colostrum management
HAND FEED SUFFICIENT AMOUNTS (4l)
GOOD QUALITY (> 50 gr Ig G/l) SINGLE-SOURCE (= DAM)
UNCONTAMINATED FRESH COLOSTRUM
< 6H PP
200 gr
Thank you for your attention