Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc.

Colorado State University

Proposal

Hartshorn Health Center Renovation

05-05-2014

  

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Table of Contents

Title Page

Technical Contents 1. Project Summary

Executive Summary & Mission Statement Page. 1

Client Summary Page. 2

Team Resumes Page. 4 2. Technical Analysis 1: Energy Audit / Benchmark

2.1.1 Energy System Assessment Page. 10

2.1.2 Energy use / Benchmark: Energy Analysis Page. 13

2.1.3 Observations and Recommendations Page. 14 3. Technical Analysis 2: Lighting Retrofit

3.1.1 Recommended efficient lighting systems Page. 15

3.1.2 New System Design Page. 15

3.1.3 Cost and Benefits of New System Page. 19 4. Technical Analysis 3: Solar Energy

4.1.1 Energy Production Systems (Solar) Page. 20

4.1.2 Cost Estimate Page. 20

4.1.3 Integration Techniques Page. 22 5. Sub-Metering, Monitoring and Feedback

5.1.1 Metering and Monitoring Plan Development Page. 23

5.1.2 Proposed Technology Page. 23

5.1.3 System Benefits Page. 24 6. Schematic Estimate, Schedule, and Finance Plan

6.1.1 Cost Estimate Page. 25

6.1.2 Project Schedule Page. 27

6.1.3 Proposed Finance and Cash Flow Plan Page. 29

Outreach Content

1.1. Energy Awareness and Business Development Page. 31

1.2. Feedback letter from client Page. 34

1.3. Article in Department/University Newsletter Page. 35

1.4. Local NECA Chapter Interaction Page. 36

Bibliography Page. 37

 

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1.1.1) Executive Summary & Mission Statement

May 5, 2014

Colorado State University Carol Dollard, Facilities Management 600 South Dr. Fort Collins, CO 80523 Dear Carol Dollard, With great pleasure, Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. is very excited for the opportunity to partake in this endeavor with Colorado State University as we embark on this Green Energy retrofit project. Since the company’s founding in 1986, Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. has been dedicated to creating a product that far exceeds the client’s expectations. With our core values being Honesty, Integrity, and Dedication; Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. is dedicated to the client and making their vision a reality. As presented in this proposal, Ram Electrical has thoroughly examined the Hartshorn Health Center, assessed the buildings current condition, and constructed a proposal that will work best for the building existing state. As Colorado State University looks to perform this energy update to the Hartshorn Health Center, we feel we are obligated to create a product that makes both a communal impact as well as creating a positive impact on the environment.

Within this proposal, we have included a new design for the lighting system, which will include a LED design that benefits energy consumption while supplying adequate lighting throughout the building. A new solar photovoltaic system, consisting of a system that will greatly reduce the consumption of local utilities. A building monitoring system that will allow all the occupants to become more aware of real time energy consumption and as an educational tool for students, faculty, and staff at CSU. We will be completing this project with outstanding craftsmanship, while keeping the owners vision in mind every step of the way. As per your request, we will implement a multiplier weight factor. The (1.4) Multiplier will be emphasized on the (Lighting Retrofit) and the (0.6) Multiplier on the (Solar Energy).

Sincerely,

Daniel Proud

Project Manager

  

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1.1.2) Client Summary

Colorado State University was established in 1870 from a land grant as an agricultural university. Over the years, CSU has expanded its horizons tremendously with today’s numbers ranging over 35,000 students and faculty and 55 academic departments. As the university grows however, many of the buildings on campus are becoming aged and outdated. As with all of these buildings, the electrical and mechanical systems are becoming obsolete and outdated. The Hartshorn Student Health Center is no exception. The heart of Colorado State University is located around four primary buildings. The Lory Student Center, the Recreational Center, the Morgan Student Library, and Hartshorn Student Health Center. As the University continues to grow, these four prime buildings have been or are currently under renovation to update and improve the building’s energy efficiency and overall quality. The Student Recreational Center was recently renovated in 2010 making it a LEED Certified Gold building. This renovation added a new wing to the building, as well as updated the existing structure. In 2012, the Morgan Library was renovated, adding new external features such a glass study cube, a new parking lot, and the complete restoration of the interior. The updates included the addition of a new lighting and HVAC system. After the renovation, the building received a certification of LEED Silver in 2013. The Lory Student Center is currently under renovation and will be finished in fall of 2014. This building, when completed, hopes to achieve a LEED of Gold or Platinum. With the three main student union buildings already, and in the process, of achieving LEED certification, the Hartshorn Student Health Center is the last to be updated. Within the past decade, Colorado State University has adopted a mission to become a “Green University”. A plan that is being implemented, called the “CSU’s Green Initiative”, is being incorporated in all new projects taking place. From 2007 to 2013, CSU has either built or renovated 13 buildings that have achieved LEED ratings, ranging from Silver to Gold. Our very own Guggenheim building, that houses the CSU Construction Management Department, has a classroom that was awarded LEED Silver in 2005, and was the first classroom of any university to achieve a LEED Rating. The “Green University” efforts even extended to small things like placing recycling bins next to every trashcan around campus. In doing so, the University is trying to change the mindset of students by exemplifying that everyone can contribute. As previously mentioned, the Hartshorn Health Center has had no significant efforts put forth to reduce its energy consumption. Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. has created this proposal in an effort to change its current condition, make it more energy efficient, and exceed any standards the client has. Along with that, it will contribute to Colorado State University’s efforts to be a “Green University”. By implementing our electrical system, this building will now be retrofitted with a highly energy efficient lighting system, a clean source of energy via solar photovoltaic, along with the ability to read and maximize the buildings power performance from a monitoring system. To suffice the communal outreach, our bid will consist of two alternates that include a communal Gazebo and electrical car charging stations. Students of all majors will now have a resource that can be used to study green energy consumption and production as well as energy sustainability. Within this opportunity, Ram

  

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Electrical and Technologies Inc. has reflected and implemented Colorado State University’s vision of a “Green University” by means of creating a fairly sustainable building from the proposed monitoring system.

  

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1.1.3) Team Resumes

Richard A. Simmons 4624 W. 87th Ave, Westminster, CO 80031 richard3@rams.colostate.edu (720) 296-6186 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected May 2015 Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Experience Honeywell Technology Solutions Inc. Aug 2009 – Apr 2010 Planner/Estimator Joint Base Balad, Iraq Optimized accuracy and efficiency in the development of estimation and standards Proactively sought improvements to maximize workflow Review/advise on subcontracts and deliver peer reviews on estimates

Service Employees International (KBR) Feb 2008- Aug 2009 Senior Estimator Joint Base Balad, Iraq Compiled status reports tracking cost and time expenditures Managed development and delivery of a multimillion-dollar estimate for construction of airfield and living/working facilities for thousands of personnel Interacted with customers to ensure all projects needs were met Trained and mentored junior estimators

Service Employees International Oct 2011 – Feb 2013 Estimator Joint Base Balad, Iraq Responsible for money management Responsible for an accurate firearm count, firearm safety measures Correct completion of Government issued 4473 documentation

Skills/Certifications Secret Security Clearance Advanced Skills with Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, and Word Licensed Journeyman Electrician July 2005 – Present 10 hours OSHA Certified

Club/Affiliations Habitat for Humanity - Volunteer NECA Student Chapter Member Sept 2012- Present

o NECA Green Energy Challenge May 2014 ASC Electrical Competition Team February 2013 ABC Student Chapter Member Sept 2013-Present

  

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Daniel S. Proud 700 East Drake Road APT# A10, Fort Collins, CO 80525 danproud@rams.colostate.edu (720) 988-5096 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected May 2015 Minor in Business Administration Fort Collins, CO Colorado State University Experience FCI Constructors Sept 2013 – Present Project Engineer Longmont, CO Pre-Con project organization Process any construction documentation as needed Transporting construction documentation and material errands

Colorado State University April 2013 – Sept 2013 Grounds Crew Fort Collins, CO Responsible for completion of weekly mowing throughout campus Correctly maintain and operate machines daily

Dick’s Sporting Goods Oct 2011 – Feb 2013 Cashier/Lodge Associate Loveland, CO Responsible for money management Responsible for an accurate firearm count, firearm safety measures Correct completion of Government issued 4473 documentation

Ultimate Electric May 2012 - Aug 2012 Apprentice Electrician Broomfield, CO Correct installation of materials Coordinating projects Estimation of small tasks

Skills/Certifications Proficient with Microsoft Office, PowerPoint, Excel, Revit, SketchUp, On Screen

Takeoff 10 hour OSHA Certification Experienced in plan and specifications interpretation

Club/Affiliations NECA Student Chapter Member Sept 2012- Present

o NECA Chapter President Sept 2013- Present o NECA Green Energy Challenge Team Captain May 2014

ASC Electrical Competition Team Feb 2013 ABC Student Chapter Member Sept 2013- Present

o ABC Competition Team Nov 2013

  

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Owen R. Thurston 619 S. Sherwood B2 Fort Collins, CO 80521 othur@rams.colostate.edu (970) 309-8658 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected May 2015 Minor in Business Administration Fort Collins, CO Colorado State University Experience Keelty Construction May 2013 - August 2013 Laborer/Material & Equipment Coordinator Aspen, CO Prepared jobsite for various subcontractor’s work to be performed Kept jobsite clean and materials organized Ran material and documentation errands Coordinated the transportation of equipment between various projects Communicating with multiple project managers Managed and supervised the work of subcontractors occasionally

T4 Development LLC May 2010 - Present Carpenter/Office Assistant Aspen, CO Prepared bids for smaller projects (additions and renovations) Helped establish schedules and track progress Interaction and communication with clients about project specifications Performed carpentry work on high end residential homes

The Red Onion Dec 2010 – Aug 2011 Busser Aspen, CO Cleared, cleaned and reset tables diligently Responsible for getting the whole table their food all at once Interacted with guests on a daily basis to ensure satisfaction

Skills/Certifications Proficient with Microsoft Office Carpentry and woodworking Collaborative group problem solving Communication and teamwork Occupational Safety and Health 10-Hour certification

Club/Affiliations MCAA Student Chapter Member Oct 2013 - Present NECA Student Chapter Member Sept 2013 - Present

o NECA Green Energy Challenge May 2014 AGC Student Chapter Member Oct 2012 - Present

  

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Michael D. McLain 1909 Greengate Dr. Fort Collins, CO 80526 mikedmclain@gmail.com (970) 217-3893 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected Dec 2014 Minor in Business Administration Fort Collins, CO Colorado State University Experience FCI Constructors May - August 2014 Project Engineer Grand Junction, CO Process RFI’s, Change Orders and Submittals. Small project estimating and scheduling. On site field management and Safety inspector.

Colorado State University May 2007 – May 2014 Crew Leader, Foothills Campus Fort Collins, CO Supervise a crew of 3-6 as result of performance, initiative and work ethics Apprentice Electrician as of 8/2012 - asked to serve this in this role due to

performance and experience Handling scheduling and completion of projects. Maintenance and trouble shooting of Foothills Campus building systems,

including electrical component repair and/or replacement. Purchasing and Handling of Materials - Order, stock and maintain inventory of

supplies. Maintain open communication with both internal and external customers and

suppliers. Front Range Community College Oct 2011 – Feb 2013 Teaching Assistant/ Safety Coordinator Fort Collins, CO Teaching Assistant – For 30+ High School Carpentry/ Woodworking shop students Woodshop Safety Coordinator- Supervise shop safety Maintain and repair shop equipment and tools

Skills/Certifications Team/Crew Management Successful in Employee Scheduling and Resources Control Planning and Problem Solving On Site CAD/REVIT Computer Drafting OSHA 10 hour Certified

Club/Affiliations ABC Student Chapter Member Aug 2013 - Present

o ABC Competition Team Nov 2013 NECA Student Chapter Member Aug 2013 - Present

o Club officer – Secretary Aug 2013 - Present o Green Building Challenge May 2014

  

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Luke Fang 210 East Marion Ave Prospect Heights, IL 60070 Lukefng@gmail.com (847) 414-8080 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected May 2015 Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Associates Degree in Business Administration May 2011 Harper College Palatine, IL Experience Keystone Redevelopment Inc. May 2008 – Present Project Supervisor/Estimator Chicago, IL Supervised and directed daily operations of numerous commercial construction projects. Responsibilities included project staging, managing workforce, daily logs, ensuring proper

o safety, and ordering materials/equipment. Estimating experience using OST and Sage Master Builder. Experience in demolition, metal stud framing, drywall, taping, painting, carpet tile,

o acoustical ceilings, minor electrical work, asphalt patching, concrete repair, and fence o installation.

Projects included both commercial and residential construction.

Parliament Builders Inc. Summer 2010 Chicago, IL Lutheran Life Communities July 2007- May 2010 Arlington Heights, IL Care Animal Hospital April 2008- August 2009 Arlington Heights, IL Service Safe Family’s – Temporary Foster Kids 2009-2014 100% Foundation – Toy donations 2006-2011 Gifts In Kind – Shipping containers for Dominican Republic 2012-2014

Club/Affiliations NECA (National Electrical Contractors Association) 2013 - Present

o Participant in 2014 Green Energy Challenge DBIA (Design Build Institute of America) 2013 - Present

o 2013 Regional competition participant Snowriders Club 2012 –Present

  

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Trevor Vance 1020 Wabash Street 9-201, Fort Collins, CO 80526 Trevorvance93@yahoo.com (303) 408-7473 Education Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Expected Dec 2015 Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO Experience Colorado Precast Concrete May 2013 - August 2013 General Laborer Fort Collins, CO Prepared jobsite for various subcontractor’s work to be performed Kept jobsite clean and materials organized Ran material and documentation errands Coordinated the transportation of equipment between various

o projects and communicating with multiple project managers Aspen Park Landscape Supply May 2011 – August 2011 Landscaper Conifer, CO Gained knowledge of how to build various structures out of several types of material,

such as small bridges, small stairways, pathways, and supporting walls out of flagstone, concrete, wood, and soil.

Experienced on how to place and set concrete, being creative with aesthetics of rocks, picking out a certain type of material for what is needed at the time, and how to work together with team members.

Assured that the structures built were satisfactory for the customer. Joe Dix Summers 2008– 2012 Slash Work Conifer, CO Applied planning skills to plan out where and how to cut trees down safely. Learned how to pack limited space with as much branches and slash in order to cut down

on cost of running a truck back and forth. Practiced and improved how to be safe in a dangerous environment.

Club/Affiliations National Association of Homebuilders Member August 2011 - present Shotgun Competition Team Member August 2011 - present Shotgun Competition Team Treasurer August 2013 - present National Electrical Contractors Association, Active Member August 2013 - present

o Green Energy Challenge Competition team, Compete 2014

  

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667.5

695.6

685.4

645.5

665.5660.8

630.6 633.9

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

MWH Consumption

Years

Average Yearly Consumption in MWH

48.9 47.8 48.1 49.2 50.855.8

74.0 72.9

59.8 57.0

46.7 49.8

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

MWH Consumption

Months

Average Monthly Consumption in MWH

2.1.1) Energy System Assessment

The majority of the lighting systems in the Hartshorn Medical Center has remained outdated since the 1997 remodel, which was due to the Spring Creek Flood. The 1997 remodel changed all fixtures in the basement from T12 Fluorescents to T8, and were also retrofitted with magnetic T8 ballasts. The remainder of the building is comprised of a mixture of T12 and T8 lamps. All of the medium base fixtures are still using incandescent lamps which range from 75 watt to 150 watt. This includes the 23 exterior soffit can fixtures which are only illuminated during evening

hours.

An example of the current inadequate lighting system reflected through the old exit and elevator signs of the building, which runs 24/7, 365 days of the year. These fixtures are still operating 2, 60 watt incandescent lamps.

The building also utilizes 23 street pole lights. These 23 poles consist of 21 Cobra Head 250 Watt metal halide fixtures and 2 X 175 Watt Peach Tree top pole lights.

With all of the current lighting fixtures summed up and calculated at an operational rate of 60 hours a week for 52 weeks a year, the lighting of the building makes up 45-48 percent of the total energy load of the building per month. The other 50 percent is mainly made up of the HVAC equipment and power systems. A majority of this equipment, has been either replaced or refurbished within the past 10 years. For example, a new cooling tower and two new air handling units that were replaced in 2010, along with some miscellaneous fans.

Below are graphical representations of the buildings monthly energy consumption. These charts are based off of data collected from years 2006 through 2013. As the graphs show, there is slight fluctuation within the years and months.

Existing Exit Light 

  

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137

149.9

144.8

129.4

134.3

132.0 132.0

136.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

MWH Deman

d

Years

Average Yearly Demand in MWH

119.0120.5110.1112.0

145.0155.8159.6162.0159.9157.5

118.8121.8

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECMWH Consumption

Months

Average Monthly Demand in MWH

As seen below are the graphical representations of the buildings yearly energy demand. These charts are based off data collected from years 2006 through 2013. As the graphs show, there is slight fluctuation within the months and years.

To conduct an extensive lighting system audit, a set of As-Built drawings were required to understand the flaws of the current system and help design the new system.

  

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Represented on the previous page is the reflective ceiling plan for the Basement Floor. Below, the First and Second Floor reflective ceiling plan.

  

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2.1.2) Energy Use / Benchmark: Energy Analysis The Hartshorn Health Center building is unique on this campus, so we looked at other campuses to find a comparable building that fits the same criteria. The University of Northern Colorado also has a health center, The Cassidy Hall Health Center that serves similar everyday functions. The Cassidy Hall Health Center was constructed in 1997 and has a square foot count of 14,447. Unlike Hartshorn Health Center, the building was constructed with lighting and HVAC materials that far exceed Hartshorn’s existing equipment. As years progress, construction materials get updated and the two buildings 35 year difference are reflected as we compared the wattage per square feet.

As the charts suggests, the comparison between Hartshorn Health Center and Cassidy Hall differ dramatically. On average, Hartshorn Health Center averages 653.6 MWH between 2008 and 2013. Cassidy Hall averages 148.03 through the same given periods. That’s an average of 505.57 MWH difference between the two buildings. To get a closer comparison, we broke the consumption down to MWH per square foot. As the results show, the buildings got closer to each other, however, Hartshorn still consumes three times more energy.

685.4 645.5 665.5 660.8 630.6 633.9

0103.89 174.5 177.513 157.12 163.61 111.59

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

MWH Consumption

Year

Consumption comparisson between Hartshorn and Cassidy Hall

Hartshorn Health Center Cassidy Hall Health Center

17.54 16.52 17.03 16.91 16.14 16.22

7.19

12.08 12.2910.88 11.32

7.72

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

MWH per SF

Year

Comparison between Hartshorn and Cassidy Hall

Hartshorn MWH per SF Cassidy Hall MWH per SF

  

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Even though Hartshorn Health Center has a sizable square foot advantage over Cassidy Health Center, breaking the data down to energy consumption per square foot, further engrains the need for some sort of energy retrofit.

2.1.3) Observations and Recommendations As the building data shows, this aged building offers a great opportunity to perform an energy retrofit. Because the main energy consumption of this building is the lighting system, a newly designed system must be implemented to reduce the useless consumption that is currently taking place. Although the building has replaced and refurbished some HVAC equipment (fans, motors, etc.), the use of variable frequency drives would allow the systems to conserve energy during low peak hours, and inversely, optimize fan production during higher peak hours.

The building’s current emergency power generator is outdated and in need of replacement. As the picture represents, the current generator that the building relies on is a 1972 International Harvester that is ran off a natural gas tap. Speaking with CSU’s generator maintenance staff, this piece of equipment is old, hard to find replacement parts, unreliable when operation is critical, and recommends the construction that would be taking place would make it an opportune time. In order to find the right piece of equipment to replace its current counterpart, the client was contacted. Coincidently, the client has already picked out a 65kW generator that Ram Electrical and Technologies will be including in the bid. Another problem the building has is the chance of flooding. The Spring Creek Flood of 1997 flooded the basement and all of the electrical equipment in it. To solve this problem, and keep the emergency system operational, Ram Electrical and Technologies has included relocating the main emergency panel from its current location (basement) to the first floor in the base bid.

This building also lacks a form of community outreach that a lot of other buildings on campus poses. To make up for this, Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. has designed a self-sustaining Gazebo that will be constructed on the North lawn. This Gazebo will have its own solar system, efficient LED lighting with double duplex receptacles that incorporate a modern USB outlet. Also included in the bid are two electric car charging stations that will be placed on the Hartshorn side of the Morgan Library’s parking lot. These Schneider Electric stations have already been implemented in one other location, Colorado State University’s College of Business building, and will be included in our alternate. For estimating purposes, the Gazebo will be represented as Alternate 1, and the charging station as Alternate 2.

Another problem Hartshorn Health Center experiences is an inadequate building envelope. For example, the building’s current glazing system is constructed of older single pain windows. By replacing them with today’s double pain insulated windows, it would further seal the buildings envelope which, in the long run, would further increase the buildings energy efficiency and decrease the energy consumption through the prevention of infiltration.

Existing EM Generator

  

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3.1.1) Recommended Efficient Lighting Systems As previously stated, the building is currently made up of T12 and T8 2’X4’ troffer lighting. All the medium base fixtures are still using incandescent lamps that range from 75 to 150 watts. The 23 exterior lighting pole fixtures consist of 21 Cobra head 250 watt metal halide fixtures and 2, 175 watt peach tree top pole lights. With all the current lighting fixtures summed up and calculated at an operational rate of 60 hours per week, 52 weeks a year, the lighting of the building makes up 45-48 percent of the total energy load per month. During the summer months that average goes down due to the higher demand for cooling equipment. Because the lighting system makes up nearly half the energy use of the building, designing and implementing a new lighting system is critical. Some main concerns that were considered included energy reduction, longevity maintenance of equipment, and material standards that meet CSU’s requirements. With these requests being considered, LED fixtures were predominantly used. The benefits of LEDs include but are not limited to using less energy than a comparable fluorescent lamp. LEDs reduce the light flickering commonly associated with fluorescent lights, and because the average life of an LED lamp is around 8 years, they are easy to maintain. By reducing the light flickering, building occupants incur less eye fatigue and headaches while improving productivity. Reducing the maintenance of the system was important because, the majority of the time untrained personnel are replacing lamps when necessary. This cuts down the potential for electrical accidents, caused by student workers. LEDs also suffice the clients request of keeping the new lamps installed to be similar models used elsewhere on campus, to reduce backup stock and also require the ability the lamps be bought from specific vendors CSU uses. Lastly, recycling was an important obstacle set by the University. To address this, included in the estimate are the number of lamps and fluorescent ballast being replaced and the proper number of recycling containers necessary. These recycling containers will then be shipped off and properly disposed of.

3.1.2) New System Design

After all concerns and requests from the client were taken into consideration, four different lighting components were assembled, creating the complete lighting design. This design has the

lowest installation cost, the quickest payback period, and most importantly cutting the average lighting load by 69.8 percent. The system is primarily made up of 14.5 watt 4 foot linear tube LED lamps manufactured by Phillips. This new technology is powered by the current T8 instant start ballasts. This allows no need for current T8 ballast swap outs reducing the time for change outs. The installation process consists of removing the old T8 and T12

Fig 1. ‐14.5 watt linear LED T8 

  

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lamps, and installing the new Phillips LED tube in its place. This product allows CSU the flexibility to swap out the old T8 tube with the new LED lamp into place. The only downside to these LED tubes cannot be implemented in the current T8 dimmable fixtures. To find a solution and still maximize energy reduction, a 25 watt regular energy advantage T8 lamp from Phillips is implemented allowing the fixture to dim. In place of the 2’x 2’ troffer fixtures that can be found on the Basement and Second Floor levels, a 2’x 2’ EvoKit retrofit kit by Phillips will be installed. The EvoKit will be replacing the existing 3 lamp 40 watt PL-L compact fluorescent fixtures and the T8 U-Tube fixtures. The selling point on these fixtures is the installation time and usability. They take very little time to install and can be installed in existing troffers. Just remove the old troffer’s lens, lamp, and ballast. Screw in the EvoKit’s skeleton and connect the hot and neutral leads. The finished product looks professional and modern while reusing the existing fixture. The energy consumption for the EvoKit is reduced to 32 watts which is equivalent to half

of the T8 U-Tube fixture and almost a third of the 3 lamp compact fluorescent fixtures. For the replacement of all the Medium based socket lamps making up the interior and exterior of the building, Phillips A21 shape LED lamps that are equivalent to the existing bulbs lumen output will be installed. The existing 75 watt lamps will be replaced with the equivalent 15 Watt A21 lamp. For the 100 watt fixtures, an equivalent 17 watt A21 lamp will replace it. For the 75 watt track lighting and assorted can lighting, a 12 watt par 38 LED equivalent was spec’d out. The dimmable 12 watt par 38 lamp reduces energy

consumption 7 fold from its incandescent replacement.   The building will also be updated with modern Exit and Elevator identification signs. The signs consist of a 2 watt LED system that will be replacing the older double 60 watt medium based incandescent lamps. Implementing this change drops the current signage electrical use by 60 times the original consumption.

Figure 2‐ 2’x2’ EvoKit retrofit

Figure 3‐ Medium Based 

LED 

Figure 4‐ 2 watt LED exit light

  

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The exterior street lighting retrofit involves changing out the heads and arms for the pole mounted street lights. A 146 watt LED Autobahn cobra head light fixture will replace the existing 250 watt metal halide heads. The 78 watt savings per head times the 21 fixtures that are fed from the building will help reduce the energy consumption by 1,600 watts. This makes up the majority of the night time lighting. The 2 peach tree top, 175 watt, metal halide fixtures will be replaced with a 72 watt Contempo lighting series 245 L LED fixture head. Both of these fixture types have already been approved by the

CSU Facilities Management Electrical Engineers for implementation around campus. Once again, implementing the ability to keep up with the CSU facility standards.

The need for adequate occupancy sensing technology will be implemented in 55 of the office suites that line the outer walls of the building. A Leviton PR150-1LW was selected due to its three stage switching capability. While the room is not being utilized, the sensor will read the inactivity and shut the lighting off. If the room is not being utilized for a long period of time, it has an off position, and lastly the switch has an on position like the existing switching.

Below are the new reflective ceiling plans that implement all of this new equipment.

Figure 5‐ Autobahn Cobra Head Light 

Figure 6‐ LED Peach Tree Top Light fixture

  

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0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Existing Fixtures Proposed Fixtures

ENER

GY CONSU

MPTION (WATTS)

OLD VS. PROPOSED LIGHTING 

3.1.3) Cost and Benefits of new system Day Lighting: Hartshorn Health Center’s window orientation layout is not very suitable for daylight harvesting. The front of the building faces North, and the lack of windows on the South and West side limit potential incoming light. Most of the windows on the building are located on the East side which only allow for morning daylight. The poor daylight harvesting potential means that the occupants must rely on an artificial lighting source. Once again indicating that a more effective lighting system is needed. Since this building is a health care clinic, it must remain at a constant 50 ft. candles due to the operations of patient diagnosis and care that is being performed. We chose not to include daylight monitoring sensors to the proposed lighting system, due to the need for constant lighting and control over the light levels in certain areas.

Energy usage: With the current lighting system using almost half of the building’s total energy consumption, the conclusion comes down to improving the lighting efficiency of the building to reduce the electrical utility costs. The layout that has been designed resulted in a reduction of 45,722 watts from the existing system. To put this in perspective, that is roughly 762 60 watt incandescent light bulbs. As one of the main driving forces for the design, the quickest payback period and the lowest energy use were essential. The total for all material sums up to $74,118.74, total labor $12,444.90, bringing a total implemented cost to $87,153.04. With this total and a $0.25 per kWh energy rate, the return on investment will be just under 17 months. The short payback period and the 70% energy reduction rating make this design a feasible option to implement. In addition to the short payback period the LED lighting will lower the maintenance costs due to the longer life of LED’s. This will save CSU money in replacement materials and labor hours over the life cycle of the LED lamps compared to the fluorescents and lighting of the current system. Below is a graphical representation of the old lighting system vs. the newly designed LED system.

  

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4.1.1) Energy Production System (Solar)

The Hartshorn Health Center is an excellent location for a Photovoltaic (PV) system. The facility has an unobstructed view of the southern horizon and has 15,030 square feet of available roof space for a 10,288 square foot solar array. The roof is broken up into two sections, the upper level on the east side and the lower section on the west side of the facility. Once the PV system is installed, it can be utilized as a teaching tool, as the lower level has a patio that will have a good view of how the PV system is connected together. The lower level is also low enough that passing community and student body can observe the system and maybe gain enough interest to inquire about the PV system.

4.1.2) Cost Estimate The PV system is an 85 kW – 480 VAC array and has an estimated cost of $128,218 in materials, $89,728 in labor, and $911.00 in equipment costs with a total cost of $218,762. The installation for the whole PV system will take approximately 15 days to complete. The installation of both levels will happen simultaneously with two crews. One crew will consist of 2 electricians/apprentices installing the UniRac system with 2 electricians/apprentices installing the solar panels and 2 apprentices staging the panels from forklift and 2 apprentice loading pallets for the forklift.

Rendering of Proposed Hartshorn 

Health Center’s Photovoltaic System 

  

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The panel system will be installed on a UniRac Solar Mount system. In order to capture the maximum amount of sunlight possible, the system will be set at a 31 degree angle. These mounting brackets will secure 24 panels per bracket set. There will be a total of 12 bracket units that cost about $2,318 each. The solar panels themselves will be

made up of 290, Canadian Solar CS6P-250P 250 Watt, panels. These panels have been priced at $231.25 per unit. The panels have to have a 5’-8” spacing from row to row in order to eliminate any shading from the sun at the different angels it will have throughout the year. As the shading can of even the smallest portion of the panel can reduce the production of the system by half.

The wiring that will be used to connect the series strings together consists of MC4 PV cabling that comes in 8, 30, and 100 foot lengths. These cables will be used to connect each series group to the combiner box. The SMA SBSC 12 Combiner Box NEMA 3R is a 12 circuit breaker wall mounted panel, priced at $406.20 each. This is where the DC voltage from the solar panels are combined into one DC voltage that will be wired to the inverter. The combiner box will be housed with a Delta LA302 DC Lightning Arrestor, costing $38.36 per arrestor, to protect the PV equipment. The Lightning Arrester is a rapid response, has unlimited number of surges, maximum current 100,000 amps, and a maximum energy of 3,000 joules per pole. 

The inverter is a PVI 85 Kw – 480 VAC from Solectria. The selected inverter will cost $24,237.50. This inverter is fully-integrated with AC and DC disconnects, an isolated transformer, and monitoring gateway. The inverter has a peak efficiency of 97.0% on the 480/600VAC system. The output AC voltage will be routed to the MDP in the electrical room.

Figure 8‐ Canadian Solar Panel

Figure 7- UniRac Solar Mount System

Figure 11- Fully Integrated Inverter

Figure 9- Lightning Arrestor

Figure 10- Combiner Box

  

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4.1.3) Integration Techniques By implementing a Solar Photovoltaic system, Hartshorn can reduce their energy footprint from the local power company. This system will be producing energy for Hartshorn Health Center, which in turn improves the buildings self-sustained efficiencies. Hartshorn will also be complying with future solar expansion throughout the CSU Campus. The expansion has already seen Solar Photovoltaic systems on the Engineering Building, CSU’s Foothills Campus Solar Farm, Engines Lab, and the Student Parking Garage. Colorado State University has a mission to become a Green University. With the Solar Photovoltaic system, Hartshorn will be another campus facility that is heading towards becoming green. The campus has multiple facilities that are green and have acquired LEED Certifications.

Rendering of Proposed Photovoltaic Education Viewing Platform

  

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5.1.1) Metering and Monitoring Plan Development

After assessing the building and its lack of a monitoring system, Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. has decided to implement a circuit monitoring system. In doing this, the plan is to change the occupant’s mindset. The occupants currently don’t have any way to determine how much energy they are using with their daily routines. Physically monitoring the energy consumption will show them in real time what they’re consuming, and be able to change the occupants’ way of thinking about energy use with their actions. This will make them more aware for their energy actions. This new system is going to monitor all of the lighting panels, power panels, the main emergency distribution panel, and show the newly proposed solar system. With all the critical systems together, it can show all the energy consumption and production of the combining building and can help optimize the buildings efficiency while reducing the energy use. This monitoring system also poses an educational tool to all the students and staff of Colorado State University. Students of all studies can utilize this building as a resource by seeing how energy in consumed through the circuit monitors, and how energy is being produced through the solar system.

5.1.2) Proposed Technology The system Ram Electrical is proposing is a Branch Circuit Power Meter (BCPM) system made by Schneider Electric. The system works by clamping the black C clamps on the existing electrical leads which monitors the electrical flow (large or small flows) though the leads and reports the readings to the brains of the unit. That in turn sends the reading to the centralized system via WIFI which updates the system software. This system will be installed on each lighting panel, power panel, emergency distribution panel, and then tied in with the solar system. The installation of the system is very straight forward. We will install the brains of the unit inside a separate junction box that will be installed on the bottom right corner of each panel. The leads will run through the connector back up though the panel to the designated circuits.   

Figure 12- Schneider Electric’s Circuit Monitoring Components

  

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The monitoring software that all the systems tie into is a PowerLogic Monitoring System. This system allows the owner to read the power consumption of each individual circuit, configure the history power consumption and peak hours. The system can also be programed to set power consumption limits and chart out if your current consumption rate is exceeding those limits or not. This software program is unique in the fact that you can run it off of any laptop, desktop and even tablets. The idea behind choosing this software in particular is the fact one can walk

through the building with a tablet device and monitor everything down to an individual room. With a circuit monitoring device on the Emergency Panel, technicians also have the ability to read the emergency power systems during annual tests. Since this building currently has no monitoring systems, implementing this Schneider Electric system increases the buildings energy awareness tenfold. Now CSU facilities & occupants have the tools and applications to read the building and maximize its performance.

5.1.3) System benefits By implementing this system, the owner of the building has the ability to maximize its performance though energy productions and consumptions while driving operating costs down. If this system is used correctly, the monitoring system can help drive down the payback period as well. Because this university has many electrical engineering and sustainable energy courses, this monitoring system can also be used as an educational tool to help guide students in their studies. From monitoring the energy production of the solar panels, to optimizing the buildings performance. Hartshorn Health Center will become a great resource for any interested in sustainable practices.

Figure 13‐ Schneider Electric’s User Friendly Web Interface

Example of Monitoring Equipment Connections (Colorado 

State University’s Engines Lab) 

  

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6.1.1) Cost Estimate The Hartshorn project estimate includes the essentials that are believed to be necessary to increase the buildings energy efficiency and produce a project that far exceeds the client’s expectations. The four major costs for this project are going to be Solar Photovoltaic System, the complete design and lighting retrofit, outfitting the building with a panel monitoring system, and the installation of a new 65 kW generator. Also, included in the bid are two alternates, the cost of constructing a new Gazebo and the installation of electric car charging stations. The alternates are not essential for the project, but would greatly benefit the communal impact. The biggest cost in the estimate is going to be the installation of the Solar Photovoltaic System. This accounts for nearly half of the project’s overall cost, however, the system is one of the most important aspects of the project. Another major cost is going to be the design and retrofit of the current lighting system with new and highly efficient LED lamp and fixtures. These LED lamps are projected to last substantially longer than the previous lighting system and will pay themselves off within a projected 6 years. Included in the panel monitoring system is the complete replacement of the building’s original lighting and power panels while retrofitting the more modern existing panels with the circuit monitoring system. The main emergency distribution Panel has been priced out for a complete gutting and replacement with the circuit monitoring system implication as well. The project summary detailed below includes all of the line items required for this project. Each of these line items is broken down into work packages that put a cost to materials, labor, and equipment for all of the foreseen aspects of the line item. Most of these costs were accumulated and gathered through the use of RS Means Cost Data Book, NECA Labor Rates Book, and online vendors. All labor for this project has been estimated with Union Labor Rates. The base line average rate used throughout the project was $54 per hour. That number finds a median between foreman and apprentice electricians. Also included in our Project Summary is a credit for the salvage value of the existing 65kW generator. We also include an allowance for taxes and delivery fees. This cost was set at 3% of the total material cost. The project summary on the next page includes the base cost of the project without alternates, project total cost with alternate 1, project total cost with alternate 2, and project cost with both alternates added together. The reason the estimate is broken down like that is to show the client what it would cost to have more than one option when deciding on what their overall project is going to be. Lastly, the base project total cost at the bottom of our summary shows the cost with the addition of contingency, bond premium, overhead and profit. The contingency rate of 10% should cover all unforeseen conditions that will arise when installing new equipment into the existing building. The use of a bond calculator was used to determine the bond premium of 0.95%. To finalize the bid, a cost of 12% was assigned to overhead and profit, this will cover any overhead expense that will arise during the duration of the project.

  

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6.1.2) Project Schedule One of the most important aspects of this project was starting and delivering this project on a restricted schedule. Because this work is being conducted on a college campus, working around campus operation is critical. Therefore, all of the work will be performed during the summer months delivering the final product before the start of the CSU fall semester. Construction is projected to begin the week spring semester ends. This will give the project a window of roughly 3 months to complete all of the required activities. In order to stay on schedule and deliver the project by the anticipated finish date, many factors had to be carefully thought out and considered. The main driving forces behind our schedule are lead times, resource allocation, subcontractor coordination and unforeseen weather conditions. The biggest concern with our schedule is being able to obtain all long-lead items. Two of our biggest long-lead items are the generator and the complete solar panel system package. Fabrication of these systems could potentially take months, so it is important to have close communication with our fabricators throughout this process. Another foreseen concern with this project is to carefully delegate man power and resources evenly throughout the duration of the project. The schedule has been constructed to have an electrician, carpenter and two apprentices constantly working throughout the project. As the mentioned reflective ceiling plans suggest, the building has been divided into Phases. Phase 1 and 2 will be located in the basement, Phase 3 and 4 are going to be making up the first floor, and phase 5 will complete the second floor. These phases will be completed during night shifts in order to limit the effects on building occupants. Our resource crews will be the main driving force pushing many of the schedule activities. The crews will replace and change out all required materials in the respective phase they are in, complete it entirely, then move on. If unforeseen conditions were to arise during the project, the proper resources will be allocated to the issue and insure that the schedule remains on track. Next, it is important that the subcontractors will be able to perform the work when it is required. The Solar Photovoltaic System installation will need to be subbed out to a specialty subcontractor. The summer months are the busiest months for solar installation, so it is important that they will able to perform the work when our schedule requires it. However, since this activity is not driven by our resource crews, installing the solar panels will have a float of 31 days. This means that 31 days are allotted to move this activity around before delaying the project completion date. This should allow plenty of time for the subcontractor to come on site and install the panels. Lastly, the three month time slot allocated to complete this project should be more than enough time to complete the project scope. There is no critical path on this project which means every activity has float and can be moved around to some extent. This gives some cushion to any unforeseen weather conditions that might stall the project. Also, the alternates in the bid can be removed or added to our project without effecting the project duration. If all of these factors are taken into account while carrying out this schedule, there is no reason this project will not be completed before the fall semester.

  

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecEnergy Consumption (Kw

H)

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Energy Consumption (Existing Vs. New Lighting Vs. New Lighting & System)

Existing Energy Consumption (Avg. 2010‐2013)

Energy Consumption (New Lighting Fixtures)

Energy Consumption (New Lighting, Solar & Monitoring System)

6.1.3) Proposed Finance and Cash Flow Plan

The new lighting fixtures will reduce the energy demand for the Hartshorn Health Center lighting from 70,819 watts to 25,100 watts. With the new fixtures the overall lighting load will be reduced by 70%. The initial investment for this retrofit is $87,153.04 including installation and extra materials. Fort Collins Utilities offers a Building Tune Up Program to eligible facilities. In order to be eligible for this rebate, the facility must be committed to allocating at least $4,000 for efficiency improvements. If the Health Center receives this maximum incentive, their initial investment will be cut by 60% for improving the lighting fixtures. For this analysis we’re going to be assuming a rebate of $50,000. Along with decreasing the initial investment, Colorado State University would be saving on electricity costs for this building. We calculated that the lighting accounted for 45-48% of the overall energy consumption depending on the time of year. Given the steam heating system, lighting contributed to 48% of the energy use during winter months and 45% during the summer months. This was due to the five electric air conditioning units that are on the top of the building. This directly correlates to a 29% decrease in overall energy consumption during the summer and a 31% decrease during the winter. The next graph will show you how the lighting load reduction, proposed solar and lighting systems, will impact the buildings overall energy usage. The existing energy consumption for the building was gathered from the buildings’ Electricity readings from the local electricity provider.

  

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Monthly Cost ($)

Month

Existing Cost Vs. New Cost (GEC & CSU)

Existing Cost (Fort Collins Rate) New Cost (Fort Collins Rate)

Existing Cost (Green Energy Challenge Rate) New Cost (Green Energy Challenge Rate)

Adding the solar and monitoring system will completely remove the lighting load and even a little more of the overall building’s consumption. This energy saving directly relates to the monthly cost savings that are associated with improving the lighting, adding a solar system, and using a monitoring in this building. Although the solar system will have an initial investment of $219,008.56, it will reduce the buildings energy consumption from the city. The exact amount of electricity this solar system is capable of providing is 10,800 Kwh per month. This extra amount of energy saving will be considered in the comparison between the existing cost CSU is incurring versus the new cost they will see once the proposed project is completed. Both the CSU electricity rate .06$/Kwh and 0.25$/Kwh for the Green Energy Challenge rate will be shown in the graph on the following page.

This data will help calculate our monthly savings and approximate the payback period from implementing this new system. Using CSU’s utility rates the average monthly savings are $1,515. Implementing these new lighting fixtures, and installing the proposed photovoltaic system will save Colorado State University $18,180 a year at the rate they pay. Assuming we get the maximum rebate available under the Building Tune-Up Program, we will have the total project cost, of $514,792.82, paid off in approximately 28.32 years. That may sound like a long time, but paying off a project like this and decreasing the buildings’ carbon footprint is extremely beneficial to CSU and the environment. If we use the Green Energy Challenge Rate, CSU will save $6,300 a month. This will save them $75,600 a year and decrease the payback to approximately 6.81 years. This is a very low payback period and we’re improving the efficiency of this building tremendously. The occupants will be much more satisfied with the proposed systems, and the maintenance cost for this building will be reduced dramatically.

  

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1.1) Energy Awareness and Business Development

As previously mentioned, Colorado State University has developed a plan called the Green Initiative. In doing so, CSU strongly emphasizes renewable resources such as Solar Photovoltaic. CSU currently has an operational solar array that is located on the Foothills Campus. This Solar array produces on average 5.3 MW of energy and is made up of 23,000 solar panels. 6 million kilograms of greenhouse gas emissions are eliminated from the atmosphere by this array each year. CSU has also started to construct solar panel systems on the tops of existing structures to help with solar production and to reduce the amount of electricity need to operate the campus. For example, solar systems can be found on the roofs of the parking garage, engineering building and engines lab, while also being proposed for the Braiden Dormitory. Colorado State University is also pushing for interior and exterior retrofitting for energy consumption reduction. Interior lighting across the campus has recently been changing out from the old T-12 florescent to a more modern T-8 florescent. To further reduce consumption, LED technology is in the works for further implication. Exterior lighting across campus is in a current transition from metal halide and HPS HID lighting to LED systems. Ram Electrical and Technologies Inc. is introducing a sustainable and energy efficient plan that is going to increase the general community incite to sustainable energy and create a tool that all majors of Colorado State University can utilize. To gain a communal interest about the building’s new energy retrofit systems, a touch screen television monitor will be placed in the building’s main lobby area that will allow for student interaction activities. Students will now be able to run through the buildings efficiency and energy production/consumption through a user friendly interface. This interface will produce tables and graphs that show how the building is currently operating, including the energy being produced by the Solar Photovoltaic System. This allows students to explore the building by manually selecting a room or common area, then having the system chart out the energy consumption of that area. In doing this, it allows more student interaction and promotes energy sustainability that mimics Colorado State University’s vision of a “Green University”. This proposed system will also help Fort Collins Utilities meet the Colorado Renewable Energy Standard, which a 30 percent power generation from renewable sources by 2020. To further implement our communal outreach plan, we will be outreaching to engineering, construction management, and sustainable courses throughout the university to see if they would be willing to implement this building’s new equipment in their studies. By providing this tool to

Rendering of Proposed Interactive Monitoring System 

  

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the students, they can now fully understand how a typical system can work and what it’s capable of. A system that incorporates a solar system, new lighting retrofit, and a panel monitoring system. In our proposal, we also felt it was necessary to go above and beyond what was required and add a communal Gazebo and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. We felt it was necessary to further update this building by adding a gathering place where students and staff can enjoy Colorado State University’s open spaces. Being that this Gazebo is self-sustaining with its own solar system providing the power, there is no carbon footprint easing the minds of the occupants. By installing the car charging stations, staff and students are able to utilize the stations and charge their vehicles while occupying the university. During the week of April 28th, we presented our proposal in three Construction Management courses; two presentations in CON 360 (Electrical and Control Systems) and one in CON 576 (Sustainable Technology in Built Environments). By presenting to these classes, we had the opportunity to demonstrate this plan and outreach to the community. On the evening of Wednesday, April 30th, we had our official University Presentation where we presented our finding to the occupants of Hartshorn Health Center, NECA industry members, and the general public. This informed the community of the building’s current condition and provided insight on ways to improve its efficiency.

Rendering of Gazebo (Part of Alternate Bid)

  

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Below is an email from the client with feedback on the Proposal and the Community Plan.

  

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1.2) Feedback letter from client

  

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1.3) Article in Department/University Newsletter

Article in campus paper, The Rocky Mountain Collegian. Complements to Collegian representatives Alex Steinmetz (Director of Human Resources) and Laren Cyphers (Journalist).

  

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1.4) Local NECA Chapter interaction

This year’s Colorado State Univeristy Green Energy Challenge Team was blessed with the amount of industry help we received. For this year’s team, we decided to have Dynalectric help us out with the schedule and answer a few starting questions, Sturgeon Electric helped with the estimate and the rough draft of the Final Proposal, and Guarantee Electrical helped us out with the Final estimate, schedule, and Proposal. We also had the opportunity to get our Final Proposal reviewed by some of our NECA Rocky Mountain Chapter representitives. Other external resources that help this year’s team out is Colorado State Univeristy Facilities Management, Electrical Engineer (Michael Randall and Rochelle Mellott), CSU Lead Accredited Proffesional (Carol Dollard). Conserve-A-Watt Lighting Vendor (Sarah Hanus). CSU Maintenance Shop Supervisior (Humberto Sanchez). Hartshorn Health Center Executive Director (Anne Hudgens) and Director (Allis Gilbert).

  

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Bibliography

Lighting:

"American Electric Lighting :: Series 245 - Contempo Product Information." American Electric Lighting :: Series 245 - Contempo Product Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.

"American Electric Lighting :: Autobahn ATB2 Product Information." American Electric Lighting :: Autobahn ATB2 Product Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.

"Autobahn Series ATB2." American Electric Lighting. Acuity Brands Lighting, Inc., 21 Nov. 2013. Web.

"A New Generation for Linear LED T8 Lighting." Phillips. Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Royal Philips), 25 Oct. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.

"Buy Light Bulbs and Ballasts at Conserve-A-Watt Lighting, Inc." Buy Light Bulbs and Ballasts at Conserve-A-Watt Lighting, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.

“Decorative Lighting.” American Electric Lighting. Acuity Brands Lighting Inc., Dec. 2013. Web.

"Energy." Sustainability in Facilities Management at Colorado State University. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.

"LED Blue Light (120V) | Talk-A-Phone." LED Blue Light (120V) | Talk-A-Phone. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.

"RAB Lighting Inc." Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014. "The Smart Choice for Your next Retrofit Project." Phillips. Philips Lighting Company, 20 Apr.

2013. Print.

Solar:

"Affordable Solar - Learn Center." Affordable Solar - Learn Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"Calculation Photovoltaic Installation." Calculation Photovoltaic Installation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"NOAA Solar Calculator." ESRL Global Monitoring Division. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"Products." Affordable Solar. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"SOLAR RESOURCE DATA." PVWatts Calculator. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"Unirac Solar Mounting Solutions." Unirac Solar Mounting Solutions. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

Gazebo:

"GT2Z/GT6Z/GTFZ Gazebo Connectors." GT2Z/GT6Z/GTFZ Gazebo Connectors. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

  

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Panel Monitoring System:

"News: Electrical Distribution." Schneider Electric. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

Financial Plan:

"Business." Utilities: City of Fort Collins. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"DSIRE." USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

"Rebates & Programs." Utilities: City of Fort Collins. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.

Figures:

1. http://download.p4c.philips.com/l4bt/4/406662/led_t8_instantfit_lamp_406662_ffs_aen.pdf 2. http://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/lightcommunity/trends/led/assets/p-6477-

evokit-product-bulletin-v17.pdf 3. http://www.ecat.lighting.philips.com/l/lamps/led-lamps-and-systems/led-lamps/a-shape-

led/929000259504_na/ 4. http://www.businesslights.com/tcp-22742-led-exit-sign-white-w-red-letters-ac-only.html 5. http://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/AEL/documents/SpecSheets/RW-ATB2.pdf 6. http://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ael/documents/otherdocuments/AEL-

1008%20Contempo%20Series%20245%20LED.pdf 7. http://www.affordable-solar.com/store/unirac-solarmount-rail 8. http://www.affordable-solar.com/store/solar-panels/Canadian-Solar-CS6P-250P-250W-

Solar-Panel-Silver-Frame 9. http://www.affordable-solar.com/store/lightning-arrestors/la302dc-dc-lightning-arrestor 10. http://www.affordable-solar.com/store/combiner-boxes-pv-array/SMA-SBCB-12-

COMBINER-BOX-NEMA-2R 11. http://www.affordable-solar.com/store/solar-inverters-commercial/Solectria-PVI-85KW-

480VAC-Inverter 12. http://www.schneider-electric.com.au/images/pictures/news/electrical-

distribution/powerlogic-bcpm.jpg 13. http://www.schneider-electric.us/images/pictures/solutions1/powerlogic-systems/pwr-soln-

for-data-ctr-grey.jpg