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Test Booklet

Subject: SC, Grade: 083rd Qtr: Transfers and Transformation ofEnergy

Student name:

3rd Qtr: Transfers and Transformation of Energy

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Use the information below to answer two questions.

Hair DryerThe hair dryer in the cross section diagram below transforms one type of energy into other types of energy.

1 Wire coils in the hair dryer become hot when in use.

What energy transformation occurs in the wire coils?

A electrical to heat

B heat to mechanical

C chemical to mechanical

D mechanical to electrical

2 What part of the hair dryer changes electrical energy into mechanical energy?

A motor

B switch

C wire coils

D fan blades

3 A light bulb transforms electrical energy into light energy.

A light bulb also transforms electrical energy into

A heat energy

B potential energy

C magnetic energy

D mechanical energy

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4 Electricity has many uses.

Which device is designed to transform electrical energy into useful heat energy?

A a clock radio

B an electric stove

C an electric motor

D a battery charger

5 In a healthy forest, dead trees and limbs fall to the ground and decompose. Which of these statements best describes why decomposition is important to a forest ecosystem?

A Nutrients are released when wood is broken down.

B Worms produce oxygen used by other organisms.

C Dead trees provide nest sites for many different species of birds.

D Water is stored in dead trees and limbs.

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6A grassland community is pictured above. Grasses are considered —

A secondary consumers

B primary consumers

C decomposers

D producers

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7 The illustrations show soccer balls of different masses being kicked with equal force. Which ball will have the greatest acceleration?

A

B

C

D

8 During a space walk, an astronaut lets go of a tool, causing it to float away and bounce off the side of the space shuttle. Why does the astronaut see the tool hit the shuttle but not hear it?

A Light waves cannot travel through a vacuum.However, sound waves can.

B Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum.However, light waves can.

C Neither sound nor light waves can travel through a vacuum.

D Both sound and light waves can travel through a vacuum.

9 Sonar is a tool that uses sound waves to measure the depth of the ocean. Sonar bounces sound waves off of the ocean’s floor. The time taken for the sound wave to leave a ship on the ocean’s surface and return from the ocean’s floor can be used to determine the depth of the ocean.

The chart below shows the sonar readings from four different ships moving over the surface of the ocean during a 1-hour period.

Which ship moved continuously from shallow to deeper water?

A Ship A B Ship B C Ship C D Ship D

10 Which of the following is an example of refraction?

A A man combs his hair while looking in a mirror.

B A woman feels warm wearing black on a bright day.

C A man thinks a fish in water is closer than it really is.

D A room with brown walls becomes brighter when it is painted white.

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Use the information below to answer three questions.

EthanolEthanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products.

In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol- gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture.

11 How might an increased use of alternative fuel inBrazil affect people in other countries?

A Consumers in other countries would buy larger cars.

B Farmers in other countries would increase seed production.

C Workers in other countries would walk instead of driving cars.

D Children in other countries would have increased respiratory problems.

12 Which group would benefit most if drivers in theUnited States fueledtheir vehicles with an ethanol-gasoline mixture?

A crop farmers

B oil companies

C grocery stores

D car manufacturers

13 Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it

A reduces air pollution

B increases biodiversity

C reduces sound pollution

D increases ozone emissions

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Use the information and the map below to answer three questions.

Proposed Housing DevelopmentThe map shows a site for a proposed housing development near a town. A wastewater treatment plant for the housing area will be built along the stream, between the proposed development and the landfill. The stream flows through a saltwater marsh and into a river. The river empties into an estuary, similar to the Chesapeake Bay.

14 Natural processes have been eroding the stream banks near the proposed housing development site.

How will the housing development most li k ely affect the stream banks?

A Decreased runoff from the development will increase the erosion of the stream banks.

B Decreased runoff from the development will stop the erosion of the stream banks.

C Increased runoff from the development will increase the erosion of the stream banks.

D Increased runoff from the development will decrease the erosion of the stream banks.

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15 Which outcome will most li k ely have a positive effect on the environment of the town downstream from the proposed development?

A increased traffic on local roads

B decreased marsh land for marsh organisms

C decreased land devoted for human recreation

D increased awareness of human impact on the area

16 Which of these solutions best describes how to reduce the negative environmental effects of the proposed development?

A Develop wetlands to absorb chemicals in the runoff.

B Plant larger lawns around houses in the development.

C Build concrete drainage streams to help water flow faster.

D Construct several small roads instead of a few large ones.

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17 When fireworks explode, they create light waves and sound waves. An investigation is performed to study the differences between the two types of waves. Three cameras capable of recording audio and video are set up at safe nearby locations in clear view of the fireworks.

· Camera 1 is placed in an open field.· Camera 2 is placed in a vacuum-sealed glass container.· Camera 3 is placed behind sheets of polarizing glass that block electromagnetic waves.

a.) Identify whether audio only, video only, or both audio and video of the fireworks will be recorded byeach camera.

b.) Explain each of your answers for part (a).

Suppose a camera records both audio and video.

c.) Will the light or the sound from the fireworks be recorded first? Explain your answer.


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18 The diagram below shows two waves.

Which statement best compares the waves?

A Wave 1 has a greater amplitude than Wave 2.B Wave 1 has taller crests than Wave 2.C Wave 2 has a higher frequency than Wave 1.D Wave 2 has a greater wavelength than Wave 1.

19 What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?

A The block absorbs all blue light.

B The block bends (refracts) all blue light.

C Only blue light is reflected by the block.

D Only blue light passes through the block.

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20 The picture below shows the different positions of a skier as she is lifted to the top of a slope and then skis down the other side.

The picture below shows the different positions of a skier as she is lifted to the top of a slope and then skis down the other side.

A The skier loses potential energy as she is lifted up the slope and loses potential energy as she skis down the slope.

B The skier gains potential energy as she is lifted up the slope and maintains the same potential energy as she skis down the slope.

C The skier gains potential energy as she is lifted up the slope and loses potential energy as she skis down the slope.

D The skier loses potential energy as she is lifted up the slope and gains potential energy as she skis down the slope.


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21 A baseball rests on a tabletop as shown in the diagram below.

What type of potential energy is stored in the baseball based on its position on the table?

A heat

B chemical

C elastic

D gravitational

22 The diagram below shows what happens when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Which of these best describes the energy transformation that occurs during this reaction?

A Thermal energy → kinetic energy

B Kinetic energy → potential energy

C Chemical energy → thermal energyD Potential energy → chemical energy


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23 A pendulum swings back and forth several times, as shown in the diagram below. Assume friction is negligible.

Which of the following graphs best illustrates the potential energy (PE) and the kinetic energy (KE) of the pendulum over a period of several swings?

A

B

C

D


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Use the information below to answer two questions.

Renewable and Nonrenewable ResourcesAll natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear.

24 Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource?

A A home burns natural gas for heat.

B A city burns coal to generate electricity.

C A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.

D A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel.

25 Which activity shows the use of a nonrenewable natural resource?

A A group of people swims in a river.

B A construction crew builds an iron bridge.

C A farmer grows vegetables to sell at a local market.

D A person bakes a cake with electricity produced by a hydroelectric power plant.

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26 Use the picture below to answer this question.

a.) Identify three different forms of energy in the picture.

b.) Tell where or how each form is shown.

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27 Which statement best explains the difference between light waves traveling through a vacuum and light waves traveling through a medium?

A Light waves traveling through a vacuum are transverse, but light waves traveling through a medium are longitudinal.

B Light waves traveling through a vacuum travel faster than light waves traveling through a medium.

C Light waves traveling through a vacuum have no mass, but light waves traveling through a medium have a mass greater than zero.

D Light waves traveling through a vacuum have a shorter wavelength than light waves traveling through a medium.

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Use the power-plant diagrams and information below to answer two questions.

Power Plants

An electric power plant in Toledo, Ohio, is powered by coal (see Figure 1). The coal is burned to boil water and produce steam. The steam turns a turbine, which causes the generator to produce electricity.The power plant in Belleville, West Virginia, is hydroelectric (see Figure 2). Water from the lake behind the dam falls on the turbine blades. The turbine turns, which causes the generator to produce electricity.

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28 The hydroelectric plant (Figure 2) uses a renewable energy resource.

Which statement describes why this resource is considered renewable?

A Heated water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into the lake and may be used again right away.

B Falling water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into the lake and may be used again right away.

C Heated water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so it may continue in the water cycle.

D Falling water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so it may continue in the water cycle.

29 Which describes a chemical change and a physical change that take place during the production of electricity in the coal-fired power plant (Figure 1)?

A The coal moving along the conveyor belt is a chemical change.The coal burning to give off heat and carbon dioxide gas is a physical change.

B The coal burning to give off heat and carbon dioxide gas is a chemical change.The boiling water turning to steam is a physical change.

C The boiling water turning to steam is a chemical change.The steam turning the turbine is a physical change.

D The steam turning the turbine is a chemical change.The turbine running the generator to produce electricity is a physical change.

30 Which is a major advantage of using energy sources such as sunlight, wind and running water instead of fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas?

A Sunlight, wind and running water are much more efficient than fossil fuels.

B Sunlight, wind and running water are renewable and available indefinitely.

C Sunlight, wind and running water are much less expensive to use than fossil fuels.

D Sunlight, wind and running water can be used at any geographical location.

31 How do coal and the sun compare as sources of energy?

A Coal is renewable, and the sun is renewable.

B Coal is renewable, and the sun is nonrenewable.

C Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable.

D Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is nonrenewable.

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32 A class is studying electricity and how it is produced in Ohio. The students make the table below to share information about energy sources.

Which statement identifies a nonrenewable energy source from the table and correctly explains why this source is considered nonrenewable?

A Biomass is nonrenewable because once the waste material is used up, there is no way to produce additional waste material.

B Petroleum is nonrenewable because there is a fixed amount of oil underground and new petroleum takes millions of years to form.

C Solar energy is nonrenewable because there is only one sun in the solar system and there is no replacement when the sun is used up.

D Wind energy is nonrenewable because the air pressure difference required to produce wind is not available at all times at all locations.


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Cross Section of Rock LayersA quarry is an open pit from which rock can be obtained by digging, cutting, or blasting. The quarry shown below cuts through several layers of sedimentary limestone rock, labeled W through Z. Some of the rock from the quarry is crushed to make gravel of various sizes. The rock and gravel are used in the construction of buildings and roads. Large diesel machines and trucks remove the rock and gravel and transport it to construction sites.

33 Before the quarry was dug, the land contained more vegetation. What impact has this change most likely had on the local ecosystem?

A Larger predator populations

B A lower number of producers

C A greater number of herbivores

D A smaller amount of available carbon dioxide


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34 At the quarry, soil was removed to get to the rock layers underneath. Which part of the environment was probably least affected by this soil being removed?

A Air

B Groundwater

C Runoff water

D Plants

35 Diesel fuel is used in the engines of the machines and trucks at the quarry. Which of these is the main energy transformation as the fuel is used by the engines?

A Electrical energy is converted to heat energy.B Heat energy is converted to potential energy.

C Electrical energy is converted to kinetic energy.D Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy.

36 Which of the following uses only renewable energy?

A a battery-powered radio

B a gasoline-engine car

C a natural-gas stove

D a solar-heated shower

37 Lisa learned that there may be a link between global warming and stronger hurricanes. She decided to follow these guidelines in order to reduce levels of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ).

· Walk more.· Use recycled paper.· Use energy-efficient appliances.· Use fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs.

Which statement logically explains whether these methods are useful in decreasing global warming?

A These methods are not useful because they all release CO2 into the atmosphere.

B These methods are not useful because they all release heat energy into the atmosphere.

C These methods are useful because they all reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere.

D These methods are useful because they all reduce the use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels.


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38 The following chart shows the weather in the same city on ten random days last year.

Weather during the Last Year

Which statement describes the weather pattern shown on the chart?

A Weather is not affected by the month or season.

B Weather gets warmer throughout the entire year.

C Weather changes from day to day and by season.

D Weather changes more often in the winter months.

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39 Compare the two weather maps:

In which direction did these weather fronts move based on the weather maps?

A from north to south

B from south to west

C from east to north

D from west to east

40 Which of these best explains why the oceans have a great impact on the weather over the continents?

A Ocean waves move more easily than continental rock.

B The oceans contain a wider variety of organisms than the continents.

C The oceans store and transfer more heat than the continents.

D Ocean water contains more salt than most continental lake water.

41 A weather channel stated the temperature was24◦C and the wind was blowing at 3 kilometers perhour. Which term best describes this information?

A season

B climate

C habitat

D weather

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