Color Theory “color is a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity...
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Transcript of Color Theory “color is a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity...
Color TheoryColor TheoryColor TheoryColor Theory““color is a visual sensation perceived color is a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the by the eye and the mind due to the
activity and vibration of light”activity and vibration of light”
General Characteristics• Color can create different moods.
• Color Symbolism: people associate colors with various concepts
• A person’s culture may influence their association.
Colors of the Spectrum• Sir Isaac Newton (1666)• no one color predominates• colors always appear in the same
order ROYGBIV• colors extend beyond the
spectrum:• Infrared• Ultra-violet
Absorption • “the process of taking in, as in a
colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color”
Reflection• “the return of light waves from
surfaces; the bending or folding back of a part upon itself”
Chromatic Colors• “a color having hue; a color of the
visible spectrum (ROYGBIV)
• the colors of the spectrum, plus those produced by their mixtures
Achromatic Colors• “a color not found in the visible
spectrum; a neutral color such as white, black, gray, and silver, and gold (for decorative purposes)”
• the neutral colors
Hue• “the property of a color by which it
is distinguished from other colors”• used only when speaking of the
unadulterated chromatic color• refers to a pure color
Warm Hues• “a color which appears in the
spectral band, characterized by long wave-lengths; a color which makes an object appear closer and larger; a color which reflects warmth”
Cool Hues• “blue, green, purple (AKA violet) or
any intermediate pigmentary hue in which they predominate; a receding hue which creates the illusion of distance from the observer; a color of short wave-lengths”
Color Wheel’s Division into Warm & Cool Hues• Complements: “directly opposite
hues on the color wheel; any two pigmentary hues which, by their mixture in equal quantities, produce gray”
Value• “the lightness or darkness of a hue”
• every hue is capable of being darkened to a point above black
• every hue is capable of being lightened to a point below white
Intensity• (chroma)• “the brightness or dullness of a
hue”• a pure color is at full intensity• hues at full intensity are brilliant• low intensities are soft and pleasant
Pigment• “a coloring matter which can be
applied to an object, when combined with some type of vehicle”
• The earliest pigments came from various earths, minerals, or vegetable dyes.
Chemical Pigments• Range is more narrow.• Fade or bleach.• Are not pure colors.• Are not stable.• Absorb light rays when they are
mixed together.
Primary Hues• “three pigmentary hues; red, yellow,
and blue which can be combined to make all other hues”
• Cannot be produced by mixtures of other hues.
• Equilateral triangle is the symbol used to locate the position of the primary hues on the color wheel.
Secondary Hues• “equal mixture of 2 primary
pigmentary hues (orange, green, and purple)”
• Lie midway between the 2 primary hues which produce it.
• An inverted equilateral triangle depicts the relationship of the primary and secondary hues.
Intermediate Hues• “a pigmentary hue produced by
mixing in equal quantities, a primary hue with its adjacent secondary hue on the color wheel”
• Are located midway between the primary and secondary hues which produce them.
• There are 6 intermediate hues.
Tertiary Hues• “the hue which results from the
mixture of 2 secondary pigmentary hues or an unbalanced proportion of complements with the warm or cool hue predominating”
• 2 families of colors: browns and slates
Tint• “ a hue into which various
quantities of white are mixed”• As the quantity of white is
increased, the hue is weakened.• Changes the value of a hue.
– HUE + WHITE = TINT
Tone• “a hue mixed with either a small
quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in dulling the hue”
• Changes the intensity of the hue.– HUE + GRAY (COMPLEMENT) = TONE
Shade• “ a hue into which various
quantities of black are mixed; the darkened hue”
• Changes the value of the hue.– HUE + BLACK = SHADE
• Once white, black or gray (complement) is added to a hue, it is no longer a hue, it is a tint, a tone, or a shade.
Analogous Hues• “two or more hues which have the
same hue in common”
• Are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
• Contain the same hue.
Color Wheel• “a circle in which the primary,
secondary, and intermediate hues are arranged in orderly intervals”
Complements• “directly opposite hues on the color
wheel”• Always involve a warm hue and a
cool hue.• When mixed in equal parts they
result in gray.• Are the greatest contrast in hues.
Juxtaposition• “(simultaneous contrast) any two
hues seen together which modify each other in the direction of their complements”
Types of Light• Incandescent Light (white light):
“the illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament”
Types of Light (cont’d)• Fluorescent Light: “the
illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp; the fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube”
• Warm white; warm color; cool white
Dimensions• Hue: “the property of a color from
which it is distinguished from other colors”
• Brilliance: “brightness; the quantity of illumination passing through a color transparency
Dimensions (cont’d)• Saturation: “a visual aspect
indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness”
Methods of Mixing• Additive Method: “white light can
be produced by the mixture of the 3 primary hues: red, blue and green
• The complement of any primary hue is the mixture of the 2 remaining primary hues (the complements are secondary hues)
Methods of Mixing (cont’d)
• The secondary hues of the additive method are the primary hues of the subtractive method.
Methods of Mixing (cont’d)
• Subtractive Method: “involves filtering out various colors in the illumination by using different colors of transparencies”
Methods of Mixing (cont’d)
• The primary hues of the subtractive method are the secondary hues of the additive method.
Effect of Colored Light on Colored Objects
• Colored light: “illumination of an identifiable hue”
• Emphasis: “using the same color of light as the color of the object”
Effect of Colored Light (cont’d)
• Absorption: “the process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color”