Color changing textiles : Active and passive · Color changing textiles : Flexible displays •...

Color changing textiles : Active and passive

Vladan KONCAR

ENSAIT

www.ensait.fr

Research & education since 1881

2

http://www.ensait.fr/

Research at ENSAIT

GEMTEX laboratory

www.gemtex.fr

V. KONCAR

http://www.gemtex.fr/

Color changing textiles : Flexible displays

• Emissive Flexible displays :– Luminescence

• EL luminescent structures LED, (OLED)

– Optical Fibers integration

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• Reflective flexible displays:– Electrophoretic– Chromismes

• Visible optical propertiesmodification (visible, UV, IR)

• Provoked by an external stimuli (photo, thermo, electro, …)

• Reversible

1. Active colour changing textilesLight emitting

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Optics Photonics News, April 2005

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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting

Weaving optical fibres

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Light emitting laterally

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Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by projection of particles

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Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by chemical solvent

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Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by chemical solvent

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Connections of OF beams to light sources (diodes)

Optical fibres flexible displays, micro bendings

Lateral light emitting obtained by OF bending

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Textile Light Diffuser

• The confinement of light in an optical fiber is determined by the refractive indices of the fiber core (n1) and the surrounding cladding (n2).

• Total internal reflection occurs under the condition n2 < n1

• If the bending angle of the fiber is greater than a critical angle c, side-emission effect is created by “leaking” some light from the fiber’s core

• c = arcsin (n2/n1)

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• Coupling of light sources to both fiber ends improve uniformity of the light distibution.

Light distribution

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Weaving patterns play a major role. Patent pending.

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• Automatic Weaving Machine

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Textile Light Diffuser, Laser light source

Prototype INSERM U703: 20 mw/cm²

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Prototype INSERM U703: 20 mw/cm²22.5 x 22.5 = 506 cm²

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LIGHT EMITTING FABRIC

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http://www.onco-thai.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=185:flexitheralight-sur-m6&catid=9:actualites&Itemid=129&lang=fr

http://www.onco-thai.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=185:flexitheralight-sur-m6&catid=9:actualites&Itemid=129&lang=fr

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2. Passive color changing textilesLight reflecting

Electrochromism

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• Electrochromism: ability of a material to change its color, in a reversible way, when an electrical potential is applied across it [3-5]

• Linked to oxidation-reduction processes• Still very few used for textile applications• Main advantages:

– Reversible color change– Memory effect– Large color palette– Low power consumption– Large viewing angle – Reflective

- 3 V

+ 3 V

0 V

• Rigid applications

– Windows

– Car equipments

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Electrochromisme

Electrochromisme

+

• 7 layer structure

M+M+

M+

Transparent substrate

Transparent electrode

e - e -

Electrochromic material

Electrolyte

Ions storing layer

Electrode

Substrate

e -

Flexible applications

Electrochromisme applied to textiles

• Since 1976 :

– Textile = as substrate

– Textile = as electrode

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• 5 layer structure developed at GEMTEX Textile : multifunctional :

– Contrasting

– Substrate

– Storing layer

– Spacer PET

ITOTextile

+ el chromic compound + electrolyte

ITO

PET27

Electrochromisme applied to textiles

• Prussian blue

• Fast aging (1 cycle)• Liquid -> manipulation is difficult• Spontaneous reaction -> storing is difficult

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PET + ITO

PET + ITO

Textile + Prussian blue (aq)

5,5 V, 20s

Electrochromisme applied to textiles1st generation displays

Electrochromisme applied to textiles2nd generation displays

• The use of PANI for fabric deep coating

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On viscose yarns On PET yarns

Film PET + ITO

Film PET + ITO

Textile +PANI + électrolyte

3V, 1 min

• El chromic polymers (polythiophènes)

• Electrolyte in sol-gel form

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Film de PET + ITO

Film de PET + ITO

Textile + PT + electrolyte

Electrochromisme applied to textiles3rd generation displays

2014 ITCCC


322014 ITCCC

Prototypes 3G

332014 ITCCC

Prototypes 3G

EDOT and B-arylene EDOT electrochromicpolymer films on ITO/glass


Constance Moretti - 18 septembre 2015 -ENSAIT/GEMTEX

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3G

PT

5 couches

4G

PEDOT:PSS

3 couches

5G

PEDOT:PSS

1 couche

Simplified 3 layer EC textile displays : 4th generation

3G

PT

5 layers

4G

PEDOT:PSS

3 layers

5G

PEDOT:PSS

1 layer

3 layer textile EC structure :4th generation

• 3 layers textile structure• 100 % textile• Flexible

• Textile substrate (PET, cotton, silk) coated by PEDOT:PSS

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+-37


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Mask, Indipendent electrodes

+

-+

-


1 4 7

2 5 8

3 6 9

Flexible textile EC display4th generation

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Prototypes 4G

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T shirt with embedded display and electronic circuit

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Prototypes 4G

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Prototypes 4G

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3G

PT

5 couches

4G

PEDOT:PSS

3 couches

5G

PEDOT:PSS

1 couche

3G

PT

5 couches

4G

PEDOT:PSS

3 couches

5G

PEDOT:PSS

1 couche

3G

PT

5 layers

4G

PEDOT:PSS

3 layers

5G

PEDOT:PSS

1 layer


1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation

• All the structure is located in one single layer

• Finenness and thickness improved

• (PET, cotton, silk)

• 2 electrodes

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+-

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PET fabric, voltagede 5 V, 47


Jersey cotton

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PET


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• Textile is an optimal support for electronics & displays

• Research is in an early stage

• Commercially available products may be expected on the market in 5 years

• Reliability & cost are important issues

• Further investments are necessary in R&D

Concluding remarks

2014 ITCCC

512014 ITCCC

Concluding remarks

• Opportunities in

- fashion

- communication

- advertising

- professional application

- military camouflage

Color changing textiles : Active and passive · Color changing textiles : Flexible displays •...

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