Colonizing AmericaColonizing America

Jamestown and the PilgrimsJamestown and the Pilgrims

Standard and EQStandard and EQ

Standard 1 A and BStandard 1 A and B

Objective: Student should be able to Objective: Student should be able to explain how Jamestown and explain how Jamestown and Plymouth colony developed and Plymouth colony developed and thrived.thrived.

Who were the 1Who were the 1stst Settlers and Settlers and what were their motivationswhat were their motivations

JamestownJamestown• Va Company – Joint Va Company – Joint

stock company stock company funded by investors funded by investors and King Jamesand King James

• Motivation – making Motivation – making BANKBANK

Plymouth bayPlymouth bay• SeperatistsSeperatists

• Motivation: Motivation: Religious FreedomReligious Freedom

What was the first settlement What was the first settlement attempted in the USA?attempted in the USA?

1. Roanoke – unsuccessful colony 1. Roanoke – unsuccessful colony founded in the “OBX” region of NCfounded in the “OBX” region of NC• Sir Walter Raleigh attempted settlement Sir Walter Raleigh attempted settlement

twice but failedtwice but failed• 11stst time settlers starved time settlers starved• 22ndnd time “Croatoan” was carved in a tree time “Croatoan” was carved in a tree

and everyone had disappeared!and everyone had disappeared!

––Web link to site with an explanation for the disappearance of the settlers

Which came first?Which came first? Jamestown or Plymouth?Jamestown or Plymouth?

• Jamestown – 1607; Plymouth – Jamestown – 1607; Plymouth – 16201620

What were the different What were the different motives of the Plymouth and motives of the Plymouth and Jamestown settlers?Jamestown settlers?• Jamestown – “joint stock Jamestown – “joint stock

company”company”• Plymouth – founded on religious Plymouth – founded on religious

freedom and funded by men freedom and funded by men wishing to spread their religion wishing to spread their religion to the new worldto the new world

Jamestown - 1608Jamestown - 1608

Jamestown – cont’d.Jamestown – cont’d. Problems of the location:Problems of the location:

• (As quoted from Wikipedia) It soon became apparent why the (As quoted from Wikipedia) It soon became apparent why the Native Americans did not occupy the site, and the inhospitable Native Americans did not occupy the site, and the inhospitable conditions severely challenged the settlers. Jamestown Island conditions severely challenged the settlers. Jamestown Island is a is a swampy area, and furthermore, it was isolated from most area, and furthermore, it was isolated from most potential hunting game such as deer and bears which like to potential hunting game such as deer and bears which like to forage over much larger areas. The settlers quickly hunted and forage over much larger areas. The settlers quickly hunted and killed off all the large and smaller game that was to be found killed off all the large and smaller game that was to be found on the tiny peninsula. The low, marshy area was infested with on the tiny peninsula. The low, marshy area was infested with mosquitoes, other airborne pests and the , other airborne pests and the brackish water of the of the tidal James River was not a good source of drinking water.tidal James River was not a good source of drinking water.

• The settlers who came over on the initial three ships were not The settlers who came over on the initial three ships were not well-equipped for the life they found in Jamestown. In addition well-equipped for the life they found in Jamestown. In addition to the "gentlemen", who were not accustomed to manual or to the "gentlemen", who were not accustomed to manual or skilled labor, they consisted mainly of English farmers and skilled labor, they consisted mainly of English farmers and "Eight Dutchmen and Poles" hired in Royal Prussia.[6] Many "Eight Dutchmen and Poles" hired in Royal Prussia.[6] Many suffered from saltwater poisoning which led to infection, fevers suffered from saltwater poisoning which led to infection, fevers and dysentery. As a result of these conditions, most of the and dysentery. As a result of these conditions, most of the early settlers died of disease and starvationearly settlers died of disease and starvation

JamestownJamestown Structure:Structure:

• Physical – Triangular fort with high walls.Physical – Triangular fort with high walls.

• Governing structure: Governing structure: Led by a council with 3 Presidents and the ship Led by a council with 3 Presidents and the ship

captains who made the decisions for the settlers.captains who made the decisions for the settlers. Ultimately, John Smith (3Ultimately, John Smith (3rdrd Pres.) becomes most Pres.) becomes most

important personimportant person

Original fort sketch

Relations with Powhatan indiansRelations with Powhatan indians

Local Indians near JamestownLocal Indians near Jamestown During a hunting party in 1608 John During a hunting party in 1608 John

Smith is captured by the Powhatan’s. Smith is captured by the Powhatan’s. • All of the hunting party is executed All of the hunting party is executed

except for Smith who is saved by except for Smith who is saved by PochohontasPochohontas

Smith is released and for a year the Smith is released and for a year the two sides live in relative harmonytwo sides live in relative harmony

Powhatan warsPowhatan wars Smith is injured and returns to Smith is injured and returns to

London in late 1609. London in late 1609. 1609 = “starving time” Crops are 1609 = “starving time” Crops are

scarce amongst the settlers and scarce amongst the settlers and Indians. Indians.

John Ratcliffe (new leader) is John Ratcliffe (new leader) is invited to discuss situation with invited to discuss situation with Powhatan. Powhatan.

When discussing fight breaks out When discussing fight breaks out and all settlers are killed.and all settlers are killed.

Leads to the wars…….Leads to the wars…….

War cont’d.War cont’d. Newly appointed governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Newly appointed governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La

Warr (“Lord Delaware”) arrived from England in Jamestown Warr (“Lord Delaware”) arrived from England in Jamestown in June 1610. Delaware introduced "Irish Tactics", where his in June 1610. Delaware introduced "Irish Tactics", where his troops raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated troops raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields. However, the Indian provisions, and torched cornfields. However, the Indian Pamunkey warriors, led by Opechancanough counter-Pamunkey warriors, led by Opechancanough counter-attacked defending their own land, and laid siege to the fort attacked defending their own land, and laid siege to the fort at Jamestown. He and his warriors nearly succeeded in at Jamestown. He and his warriors nearly succeeded in driving the English out of the Jamestown area.driving the English out of the Jamestown area.

A peace settlement ended the war in 1614, and it was A peace settlement ended the war in 1614, and it was sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe. This was the first known inter-racial union in Virginia, Rolfe. This was the first known inter-racial union in Virginia, and helped usher in a brief period of better relations and helped usher in a brief period of better relations between the Indians and the newcomers.between the Indians and the newcomers.

(www.wikipedia.com)(www.wikipedia.com)

Pressure from VA. CompanyPressure from VA. Company During the first couple of years, the During the first couple of years, the

company is pressuring Jamestown for company is pressuring Jamestown for profit and riches.profit and riches.

Jamestown is highly unsuccessful until Jamestown is highly unsuccessful until 1614 when John Rolfe successfully 1614 when John Rolfe successfully cultivates tobacco!cultivates tobacco!

Tobacco becomes a hit in England and Tobacco becomes a hit in England and leads to a mass migration to the new leads to a mass migration to the new world to grow the cash crop.world to grow the cash crop.

By 1619 the first slaves are seen in By 1619 the first slaves are seen in Jamestown – tobacco farmersJamestown – tobacco farmers

House of BurgessHouse of Burgess To organize the mass migration of To organize the mass migration of

people and to better oversee the people and to better oversee the thriving colony, a structured thriving colony, a structured government was put in place.government was put in place.

11stst meeting was in 1619 with 22 meeting was in 1619 with 22 members. members. • In 1624 it was setup to allow 2 In 1624 it was setup to allow 2

representative from each county and representative from each county and representatives from certain cities.representatives from certain cities.

Later problems of Jamestown and Later problems of Jamestown and the Virginia colonythe Virginia colony

Bacon’s rebellion – as more people spread Bacon’s rebellion – as more people spread to America the colony grew until it to America the colony grew until it infringed on Indian land.infringed on Indian land.

Indians and farmers foughtIndians and farmers fought The house of burgess would not use the The house of burgess would not use the

military to assist colonist. military to assist colonist. Colonist took matters into their own hands Colonist took matters into their own hands

until they eventually attempted to until they eventually attempted to overthrow the gov. (More to this story)overthrow the gov. (More to this story)

The rebellion was put down, and rebels The rebellion was put down, and rebels were tried.were tried.

Plymouth bay colonyPlymouth bay colony Founded in 1620 by the Founded in 1620 by the

PilgrimsPilgrims Traveled on the MayflowerTraveled on the Mayflower All travelers signed the All travelers signed the

Mayflower compact……(you Mayflower compact……(you need to know details about need to know details about this)this)• What do you think the impact What do you think the impact

of the Mayflower compact of the Mayflower compact was?was?

Pilgrim motivationPilgrim motivation

The Pilgrims were actually The Pilgrims were actually separatists, not Puritains. (wanted to separatists, not Puritains. (wanted to separate from the church of England separate from the church of England and start their own church)and start their own church)

Pilgrims had moved from England to Pilgrims had moved from England to the Netherlands, to the new land.the Netherlands, to the new land.• In Europe, the seperatists were being In Europe, the seperatists were being

arrested and their privacy had been arrested and their privacy had been invaded with home raids, etc……invaded with home raids, etc……

Setup of Pilgrim societySetup of Pilgrim society Governed by a Governed by a

hybrid of Biblical hybrid of Biblical law and English law.law and English law.• Governor was head Governor was head

and was elected and and was elected and had 7 assistants had 7 assistants appointed to be his appointed to be his cabinet. (“They were cabinet. (“They were responsible for responsible for publishing publishing announcements, announcements, performing land performing land surveys, carrying out surveys, carrying out executions, and a executions, and a host of other host of other duties”) – duties”) – www.wikipedia.comwww.wikipedia.com

Original pilgrim bible

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Bradford was the first leader of Bradford was the first leader of Plymouth.Plymouth.

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

Mass. Bay colonyMass. Bay colony• Winthrop created a vision for the colony Winthrop created a vision for the colony

called “City on a hill”called “City on a hill”• Concept = To be a shining example for Concept = To be a shining example for

the whole world to see that a society the whole world to see that a society can be religiously faithful yet can be religiously faithful yet economically prosperous and moraleconomically prosperous and moral

Setup cont’d.Setup cont’d.

General court was elected and made General court was elected and made laws and carried out judicial duties.laws and carried out judicial duties.• Published the book of laws in 1636Published the book of laws in 1636

Later as the colony expands, towns Later as the colony expands, towns have gatherings called “town have gatherings called “town meetings” to discuss their problemsmeetings” to discuss their problems

BeliefsBeliefs Church is the most important Church is the most important

institution in their society. institution in their society. Believe in the supernatural (witches)Believe in the supernatural (witches)

• Salem Witch trials – Witches sent by Salem Witch trials – Witches sent by devil to corrupt the societydevil to corrupt the society

• Great Salem Witch Trials websiteGreat Salem Witch Trials website

Beliefs cont’d.Beliefs cont’d.

Only church Only church followers and followers and believers could have believers could have voting rights and voting rights and political authority. political authority.

Passed the “HALFWAY Passed the “HALFWAY COVENANT” in 1662 COVENANT” in 1662 which states you can which states you can be part of the church be part of the church if your parents are if your parents are baptized members. baptized members.

Relations with the Native Relations with the Native AmericansAmericans

The PEQUOT WAR - 1636The PEQUOT WAR - 1636 King Phillip's war - 1675King Phillip's war - 1675

King Phillips warKing Phillips war

1. King Phillip was an Indian chief 1. King Phillip was an Indian chief named “Metacom”named “Metacom”

2. Metacom had “double agent” 2. Metacom had “double agent” indian spy who worked for both him indian spy who worked for both him and the Plymouth colonyand the Plymouth colony

3. Spy indian told of a coming attack 3. Spy indian told of a coming attack and the Plymouth colonist sought out and the Plymouth colonist sought out Metacoms advisor and killed them, Metacoms advisor and killed them, thus tipping off a bloddy war.thus tipping off a bloddy war.

Formation of Rhode IslandFormation of Rhode Island

Roger Williams was a seperatist who got Roger Williams was a seperatist who got into entaglements with the Puritain church into entaglements with the Puritain church due to his dispute that Puritain people did due to his dispute that Puritain people did not have a divine right to Native American not have a divine right to Native American lands.lands.

Williams fled to Rhode Island in 1636 and Williams fled to Rhode Island in 1636 and setup a colony that would separate church setup a colony that would separate church and state as well as allow complete and state as well as allow complete religious freedom. religious freedom.