The English Colonization

of North America

Colonization of the

Southern Colonies

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Reasons for Colonization(International)

English Imperialism

Developing English Nationalism

Unification of Church & State under Henry

VIII and Elizabeth I

Economic & Political competition -Spain

The Protestant Reformation (wars of religion)

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Henry VIII

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Elizabeth I

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Reasons for Colonization(Domestic)

Increasing English Population; 3 to 4 million

between 1550-1600

The Enclosure movement

Economic Depression in England (wool)

The law of Primogeniture

The development of Joint-Stock Companies

Mercantilism as an economic theory

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Farmland before the Enclosure Movement

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Farmland After the Enclosure Movement

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Decline in Real Wages in England

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The Virginia Colony(Jamestown - 1607)

Virginia Company organized 1606

Economic impulses, what were they?

Written Charter guaranteeing the “Rights of

Englishmen”

Good Leadership

Capt. John Smith (Pocahontas), help from

Powhatans

Lord De La Warre, saves colony

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Captain John Smith and Pocahantas

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The Marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahantas

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Jamestown Colony

Relations with Native Americans

Expansion pressures: Anglo-Powhatan Wars

of 1622 and 1644

Disease, disorganization (who) &

disposabilityDisposability: Native Americans could be disposed of by

Europeans with no harm to the colonial economy!

A clash of cultures & technology

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The Jamestown Colony

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Jamestown: Economic Issues

Tobacco: did it save the colony?

John Rolfe (1616): learned to raise & cure

Exports to Europe increased demand

Increased demand --> increased supply (price??)

effect of pushing frontier westward

Plantation system developed (staple crop)

Increased need for labor

Increased use of Indentured servants

[First slaves arrive (1619)]

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Virginia Colony(Government)

Representative Government developed

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) was the

first of many mini-parliaments to develop in

the English North American colonies

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Maryland (1634)

Proprietary Colony (Lord Baltimore/Geo. Calvert)

Catholic refuge; freedom of worship??

Act of Toleration (1649)

Economics

Tobacco was main staple crop

Plantation system

labor shortage; increased reliance on slave labor

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Maryland

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South Carolina (1670)

A Restoration Colony (post-English Civil War)

settled by Lords Proprietor

Agriculture

Plantation-based economy

provided exports to Barbados (foodstuffs, rice)

need for slave labor (labor shortage due to climate)

West African Slaves were malaria resistant

Barbados Slave Codes introduced (1696)

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The Restoration Colonies

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North Carolina (1710)

Populated by outcasts, religious dissenters

resistance to authority, less autocratic

Bloody relations with Native Americans

Economy

exported tobacco, timber products

small farms, little need for slaves

some plantations

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Georgia (1733)

Royal Charter granted James Oglethorpe;

established as a buffer

(Spanish to south, French to west)

promoter of prison reform, debtor’s haven

Practiced religious toleration (except Catholicism)

Least populated of the original 13 colonies

Plantation economy

staple crops, eventually slave labor

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Common Characteristics of the

Southern Colonies

Plantation economies dominated

Negro slavery because of labor shortage

strong aristocratic atmosphere

All permitted some form of religious toleration

tax supported Anglican Church

Were expansionary at the expense of Native

Americans

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