Colonies

ColoniesColony—

"a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state”;

maintaining the cultural, social, and political identities of the mother country

Colonies

Reasons:

Citizen:

1. European wars—Spain, France,

2. Religious strife—Catholics, Protestants, Puritans, civil war

3. Economic transformation—enclosure movement

4.Land

ColoniesReasons:

• Mercantilism

1. Wool industry products sold abroad, but particularly in the Netherlands

2. Individual exporters formed companies with royal charters

3. Royal charters granted monopolies in specific regions

4. Investors in “trading” companies became wealthy

Nation/kingdom:

ColoniesDevelopment of Mercantilism

1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire


Regional wars between “super powers” required standing professional armies and navies

Colonies

ColoniesMercantilism

Colonies

Question??

How can the monarch raise enough money to

build, equip, and maintain a large,

professional, standing army and navy?


2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture

Did farming or commercial/industrial

activities circulate money faster?


3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade


4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems (gold and silver coins) in comparison to

barter transactions

Colonies

Development of Mercantilism

1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire

2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture

3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade

4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems relative to barter transactions

Colonies

Question??

How can the monarch raise enough money to

build, equip, and maintain a large,

professional, standing army and navy?


The Answer:

Obtain the largest possible surplus of gold and silver


Question??

•Where were the sources of gold and silver?

•How to obtain large amounts of gold and silver?

•How to find sources of gold and silver that continue to produce over long periods of time?

Colonies

Development of Mercantilism

Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes


Spanish Gold and Silver Mines in the New World


Years Gold (kilos) Silver (kilos)

1503-1510 4.965 0

1511-1520 9.153 0

1521-1530 4.889 148

1531-1540 14.466 86.193

1541-1550 24.957 177.573

1551-1560 42.620 303.121

1561-1570 11.530 942.858

1571-1580 9.429 1.118.592

1581-1590 12.101 2.103.027

1591-1600 19.451 2.707.626

153.561 7.439.138


Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)

1601-1605 10.981.524.600

1606-1610 14.132.343.150

1611-1615 11.037.654.220

1616-1620 13.550.688.000

1621-1625 12.154.805.325

1626-1630 11.229.536.925

1631-1635 7.699.884.430

1636-1640 7.341.570.900

1641-1645 6.193.711.121

1646-1650 5.296.746.150

Totals 99.618.464.825


Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)

1651-1655 2.095.791.820

1656-1660 1.514.658.928

1661-1665 1.852.668.884

1666-1670 1.188.953.240

1671-1675 1.155.335.451

1676-1680 1.083.506.286

1681-1685 529.266.946

1686-1690 600.385.644

1691-1695 205.696.380

1696-1699 535.709.304

Totals: 10.761.972.883

Colonies

In practice, the Mercantile system worked as follows:

• get the largest surplus of precious metals • a country must have a favorable balance of export trade

1. If you can export more to your neighbor than he exports to your own country

2. he will owe you money 3. obliged to send you some of his gold4. hence you gain and he loses

Colonies

As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every

seventeenth century state was as follows:

1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals as you can

2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic trade

3. Encourage those industries which change raw materials into exportable finished products

Colonies

As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every

seventeenth century state was as follows:

4. Encourage a large population-- you will need workmen for your factories

5. Let the State watch this process and interfere whenever it is necessary to do so


early 1500’s late 1500’s 1600’s 1700’s


Vera Cruz, Mexico St. Augustine, Florida


Havana, Cuba

Lima, Peru


British North American coloniesRoanoke Colony, founded 1586Virginia Company, chartered 1606

London Company Jamestown Settlement,

founded 1607. Bermuda first settled in

1609Citie of Henricopolis,

founded in 1611 Plymouth Company

Popham Colony, founded 1607

Society of Merchant Venturers (Newfoundland) Cuper's Cove, founded 1610Bristol's Hope, founded 1618

London and Bristol Company (Newfoundland) Renews, founded 1615

St. John's, Newfoundland, claimed for England by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583Plymouth Council for New England

Plymouth Colony, founded 1620Ferryland, Newfoundland granted to George CalvertProvince of Maine, granted 1622South Falkland, Newfoundland, founded 1623Province of New Hampshire settled in 1623Dorchester Company Colony in 1624 Salem Colony settled in 1628Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629

Colonies

Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629 New Scotland, 1629-1632 Connecticut Colony founded 1633 Province of Maryland founded in 1634 New Albion, chartered in 1634Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, first settled in 1636 New Haven Colony, founded 1638 Province of New York, captured 1664 Province of New Jersey, captured in 1664

Rupert's Land founded in 1670 Province of Pennsylvania founded 1681Delaware Colony separated from Pennsylvania in 1704 Carolina Colony

North Carolina, first settled 1586Province of South Carolina in 1670.

Province of Georgia first settled in about 1670Nova Scotia in 1629Quebec, in 1759-1761East Florida and West Florida, acquired from Spain in 1763 Prince Edward Island, separated from Nova Scotia 1769 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia in 1784 Ontario, separated from Quebec in 1791 as Upper Canada Vancouver Island, in 1843New Caledonia in 1858.

Mercantilism

Colonies

British Caribbean coloniesSaint Kitts - in 1623Barbados - The island was settled in 1625Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628Antigua - The island was settled in 1632. Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632 Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632. Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647Angular - The island was settled in 1650Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750sTrinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in 1797Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870

British Central and South American coloniesBelize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600sMosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17th centuryFalkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774

Mercantilism

Colonies

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