UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

College of Arts and Sciences

Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila

AN ANALYSIS OF MENRO’S POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BRGY. SAN ISIDRO, RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL.

A Thesis Paper Presented to Professor Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr.

University of the Philippines Manila

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Social Sciences

In Partial Fulfillment of the course Political Science 198

Second Semester A.Y. 2018-2019

Presented by:

Gabrielle Balbido Allabo

2015-00077

Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

May 2019

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

College of Arts and Sciences

Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Political Science 198 for

the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, the undergraduate thesis attached

entitled “An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste

Management in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal” prepared by Ms. Gabrielle B.

Allabo is hereby presented to the Political Science Program under the Department of

Social Sciences of the College of Arts and Sciences for approval.

Prof. Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr. Prof. Jerome A. Ong

Adviser Department Chair

Political Science 198 Department of Social Sciences

Abstract

The role of the Informal Waste Sector in solid waste management is a topic rarely

discussed in fields dealing with problems on solid waste. Rodriguez, Rizal is a host

municipality that houses garbage disposals from various cities such as those from Metro

Manila. With the closing of the Payatas Sanitary Landfill, the members of the Informal

Waste Sector in Rodriguez grew which resulted in the opening of various illegal waste

management practices. These practices include scavenging or waste-picking, private

dumpsites, and junk shop operation among others. A literature suggested that one

particular way of dealing with these is through the integration of the Informal Waste into

the formal programs on Solid Waste Management. Despite being able to contribute to the

management of wastes in a community, members of the Informal Waste Sector are not

fully integrated into the formal programs existing in a community. This study aimed to

assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into

the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing primarily on MENRO –

Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the

implications of such.

Acknowledgements

There are only a handful of points in life that one can call as a defining moment. I

couldn’t deny the fact that this study is one of those defining moments in my life. The

success of this study is not possible without the help and support of several individuals

and institutions. I will be forever grateful to the time, energy, and effort that they had

shared in order for this study to reach the finish line. First and foremost, I would like to

thank the University of the Philippines – Manila, especially to all of the professors and

staff of the Political Science Program and the Department of Social Sciences for instilling

in us the importance of theory and practice. Thank you for providing an academic

environment where students are not inhibited to think freely and be critical to the various

social ills existing in our society. Thank you for opening our eyes to what really matters:

serving the Filipino people.

Thank you to Professor Doroteo C. Abaya, Jr. for guiding and supporting all of us

in accomplishing our thesis. Since day one, Prof. Abaya has been one of the many

teachers that inculcated the importance of providing a voice to those who are not usually

heard. Thank you for believing in this study and for always instilling the essence of a

socially-relevant study.

Thank you to Professor Chester Arcilla who shared his time and effort in helping

this study find its relevant participants. A large thank you to all the participants who

agreed to join this study. A large part of this study’s success is because of and dedicated

to all of you. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to the Municipal Environment

and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez for their warm welcome and their kind

acceptance of the interview. I sincerely hope that this study would help in strengthening

the Solid Waste Management Policy of Rodriguez, Rizal.

I would also like to acknowledge several works and individuals that inspired me

to pursue the environmental line of study. First, the 2006 documentary film An

Inconvenient Truth which helped sparked my early interest on environment conservation,

second is the inspiring story of Lauren Singer and her company Trash is for Tossers

which greatly contributed to my interest in sustainable lifestyle, and third Professor

Josephine D. Agapito who reminded us students through her teachings in Natsci 5 class

that we only have one home planet and we ought to protect and conserve it.

I would also like to thank my friends: Myna Rafanan, Rienjel Tolentino, Chris

Miranda, Alia Lasquete, Micah De Guzman, and Bianca Adriano for just being the best.

College wouldn’t be complete without them. Thank you, from the bottom of my heart.

Lastly, I would like to thank my parents who have given more than enough to

support my dreams and goals in life. Thank you for believing in me. Your love and care

is the greatest gift I have received from God. Thank you for your endless patience and

kindness, I wouldn’t have made it this far.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval sheet i

Abstract ii

Acknowledgement iii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Research Question 3

B. Tentative Answer 3

C. Objectives 4

D. Significance of the Study 5

E. Definition of Terms 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Waste: A Brief History and Situationer 9

B. The Waste Crisis in Manila 11

C. Rodriguez, Rizal: The Host Municipality 13

D. Solid Waste Management 13

E. The Formal and Informal Waste Sector 14

F. Contributions of the Informal Waste Sector

And its integration in MSWM 15

CHAPTER III: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Theoretical Framework 17

B. Conceptual Framework 19

CHAPTER IV: METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design 21

B. Locale of the Study 22

C. Unit of Study 22

D. Sampling Design 22

E. Data Collection Procedures 23

F. Tools of Analysis 23

CHAPTER V: FINDINGS

A. The role of the Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office – Rodriguez 27

C. The role of the Informal Waste Sector in their slow

Integration 34

CHAPTER VI: ANALYSIS 44

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49

BIBLIOGRAPHY 55

APPENDIX 60

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Solid Waste Management is one of the basic services offered by municipal

authorities to maintain the cleanliness of communities (Asnani, 2006). In the

Philippines, a particular law known as the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000 is responsible for mandating Local government Units

to create boards, projects, and applications to help maintain the cleanliness of the

community (Sapuay, 2016). This includes (but is not limited to) where collected

community waste would be placed. In operationalizing this, a number of formal and

informal agents come to provide their services.

The International Labor Organization (ILO) describes the Informal Waste Sector

as individuals or a group of people who involve themselves in waste management

without being formally acknowledged and charged with providing waste management

services (Gupta, 2012). Many scholars have established the important role of the

Informal Waste Sector in the Solid Waste Management system in developing countries

such as the Philippines. In one article, it was shown that Iloilo City actually realized the

idea of integrating members of the informal communities into their Solid Waste

Management program where they get to work and receive benefits and other

compensation (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). In addition, the study

also showed that this program in Iloilo City lessened leachate generation and the

emitted Greenhouse Gases in the area, further extending the lifespan of their sanitary

landfill (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012).

3

In September 2017, the 19-hectare Payatas Sanitary Landfill closed as the area

can no longer accommodate the capacity of garbage sent from Metro Manila. At the

beginning of 2018, Metro Manila’s garbage was transferred to Rodriguez, Rizal’s

sanitary landfill (Abad, 2018). Unlike the Payatas Sanitary Landfill that served to

accommodate Metro Manila’s garbage for 15 years, DENR claimed that Rodriguez,

Rizal’s Sanitary Landfill may not do the same as it is expected to close by 2022 (Abad,

2018).

With this information, this study aims to establish the factors that contribute to the

slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the Solid Waste Management

programs in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such slow

integration given that the town’s landfill is facing a larger responsibility to fulfill.

Research Question

Why is there an existing gap, in the sense of their being not yet integrated from

formal arrangements, between the Informal Waste Sector and Local Government

Policy on Solid Waste Management in Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further

rehabilitative and sustainable waste management? What are the implications of

such?

Tentative Answer

There are several factors that can contribute to the slow integration of the

Informal Waste Sector of Rodriguez, Rizal. This could include the following: (1)

There is already an existing Formal Waste Sector, (2) The Informal Waste Sector

are new to the field, (3) Being part of the regulation signifies recognition from the

government, (4) the Informal Waste Sector has a minimal contribution, (5) The

4

Informal Waste Sector’s integration could bring additional burdens to the

government.

Objectives

General Objective:

The study aims to assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the

Informal Waste Sector the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing

primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San

Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.

Specific Objectives:

1. To discuss solid waste management for the country as a whole: what

policies or laws have been passed in this regard, their implementation, and

results of such implementation.

2. To discuss the solid waste management of Rodriguez, Rizal as to:

a. Origins and implementation

b. Level of awareness of the people

c. Slow integration into the formal program of the Informal Waste

Sector from the Formal program of the Local Government Unit and

the implications of such

d. Reactions of informal sectors

3. To provide recommendations to further strengthen the municipality’s solid

waste management program.

5

Significance of the Study

At the core of this study is the issue of waste accountability of Filipinos. Waste

has been a large problem plaguing the country for years. Urbanization gave way to

massive production of waste products among Filipinos (Del Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira,

2009). In the current society, many Filipinos are less aware of the great consequences of

producing too much waste. This led to less accountability on their part, leaving less

action to find sustainable ways for communities to thrive and lessen their dependence on

single-use waste. This issue is greatly connected to the pollution problem faced by many

countries around the world. The question then is: are there no organized groups to deal

with this problem? Not necessarily. In the Philippines, the government has created a law

(R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000) that explicitly provides

divisions in Local Government Units that are tasked to deal with this problem on

managing solid waste.

The government is not alone in dealing with these as there is another sector

outside of their formal system that helps in managing the solid waste of communities.

These are the Informal Waste Sectors or a group of people involved in waste

management without being formally backed-up by the government (Gupta, 2012). The

importance of their work in the world of Solid Waste Management has been featured in

several literatures (Gupta, 2012; Zurbrugg, 2002; Ezeah et al., 2013; Paul, Arce-Jaque,

Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). Given this, the study asks: Why is there an existing gap in

the sense of their being not yet integrated from formal arrangements, between the

Informal Waste Sector and Local Government Policy on Solid Waste Management in

6

Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further rehabilitative and sustainable waste

management? What are the implications of such?

By answering these questions, this study shall be an addition to the existing

knowledge on Solid Waste Management and the Informal Waste Sector. Society could

benefit from this study as it could be used as an additional resource in an effort to create

future policies or ordinances that are dedicated to a more inclusive and eco-friendly

community. To be more specific, this study could benefit the Informal Waste Sector as

this study could help bring light to their potential and importance in managing solid

waste. In addition, this could also help the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources

Office - Rodriguez by lessening the existence of illegal dumping and illegal management

of waste.

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Definition of Terms

1. Formal Waste Sector - are usually a modernized and industrialized sector

that is composed of the public and private enterprises. They are essentially

supported by government agencies through legal and financial means (Ezeah

et al., 2013).

2. Informal Waste Sector – they are not usually backed up by the state or may

have few pre-existing ties with it. They are hard to monitor as they are

abundant, small in size, and geographically dispersed. This sector is usually

comprised of the poor (Blackman, 2000).

3. Leachate- a contaminated liquid that contains suspended materials and is

produced when waste has undergone decomposition and water filters through

it (R.A. 9003, 2001).

4. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) – a facility established per barangay that

is responsible for sorting, segregating, composting, and recycling of mixed

waste. The result of which shall be transported to a permanent storage unit or

sanitary landfill (R.A 9003, 2001).

5. Sanitary Landfill – according to Republic Act 9003, it is the site where

wastes are disposed of. It is designed, operated, and maintained in a way that

has engineering control over several potential environmental impacts that may

be detrimental to the development and operation of the site (R.A. 9003, 2001)

6. Solid Waste – any material discarded from industrial, commercial, mining,

agricultural operations, and community activities. Solid Waste does not just

mean materials that are physically solid, it also includes materials that are

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semi-solid, contains gaseous material. (United States Environmental

Protection Agency, n.d.)

7. Solid Waste Management – According to Republic Act 9003, this is the

practice associated with controlling the generation, storage, collection,

transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a way that

shall uphold the best principles concerning public health, economics, and

other environmental considerations (R.A. 9003, 2001).

8. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office – the division of the

municipality that is concerned with monitoring, relaying information on

programs from national agencies such as DENR-EMB (Department of

Environment and Natural Resources - Environmental Management Bureau),

and disseminating information through their IEC (Information, Education,

Communication) Campaign (Teschner, 2018).

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CHAPTER II:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The main concepts primarily considered in searching for this literature are waste

and the waste situation in the Philippines, Solid Waste Management policy in the

Philippines, characterizations of the Formal and Informal Waste Sector of the Urban

Economy, and the important contributions of the Informal Waste Sector in Solid Waste

Management as well as their reactions.

I. Waste: A brief history and a Situationer

Waste has been a constant element in the lives of many people around the globe.

This sentiment is greatly manifested in the Filipino lifestyle: From disposing raw

materials before the arrival of pre-packaged goods (Reyes & ue, 2013) to disposing non-

biodegradable materials which was brought by urbanization (Del Mundo, Rebancos, &

Alaira, 2009), the Filipinos’ waste problem has grown exponentially that it had reached a

point where it poses a threat to the overall well-being of Filipinos. In 2011, Metro Manila

was already generating 25% of the average trash produced by the country (Alave, 2011).

In 2017, the Philippines was dubbed as the third worst polluter of oceans from a study

conducted by an environmental group called Greenpeace (The Philippine Star, 2017).

Such recent numbers are enough to trouble an individual about the situation of waste in

our country.

In the past, the problem of waste disposal was not as pressing as it is right now. In

a paper by Jennifer Clapp (2002), she argues that this global crisis on waste is primarily

associated with the problem of production (p.2). It was no secret that production

10

processes in industries are quite wasteful (Clapp, 2002). To be more specific, Clapp

(2002) argues that the core of this issue is found on the overconsumption tendencies of

consumers or too much consumption within the production process. Consequently, Clapp

(2002) states that the crisis on waste around the globe is rooted in the growing distance

found between consumers and the waste that they produced.

One must understand that the environmental problems faced by the country today

have been existing for years. Decades of careless waste disposal has left the country

vulnerable to various effects such as fast accumulation of floods due to clogged openings

(canals, esteros, etc.) for excess water to pass through on rainy seasons (Bankoff, 2003).

Several factors can explain why such tendency occurred in the Philippines but the most

common ones revolve around acceleration of urbanization, the booming of the

population, and increased community living standards (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland,

2012; Martinez, Castaneda, Marte, & Roxas, 2015).

This is only inevitable as rapid changes in the Filipino domestic lifestyle had

increasingly impacted the average garbage produced (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland, 2012).

This idea could be associated with Bracken, Munch, & Panesar’s (2009) who stated that

rapid urbanization is a contributing factor in the waste crisis scenario and that managing

waste produced by an inevitably growing population is one of the many factors

challenging urbanized societies. In addition to this, Bracken, Munch, & Panesar (2009)

argued that in a rapidly urbanizing society, it is usually the urban poor that greatly suffers

as they do not have much access on health and sanitation as they are usually denied of

‘official services’ (p.2).

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Devkota and Watanabe (as cited in Del Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira, 2009) agrees

with these ideas as the introduction of urbanization, reflected by the shift of consumption

pattern and the production of new materials, has negatively impacted the increase of

waste volume. Such is the case in developing countries like the Philippines where

increase of municipal solid waste has been associated with population boom, accelerated

urbanization, and increase in living standards of the community (Guerrero, Maas, &

Hogland, 2012). Despite the many early efforts of various actors in alleviating the

problem on waste crisis, especially in the context of the Philippines, there is still a

tendency for Filipinos to ignore practicing sustainable ways of waste disposal as many

still throw their wastes near their households such as waterways and coastal areas (Del

Mundo, Rebancos, & Alaira, 2009).

II. The Waste Crisis in Manila

According to past literatures, the problem of waste can be traced back to when

Manila’s Waste Disposal crisis erupted. Manila’s Waste Disposal Crisis lasted for more

than 30 years beginning in 1988 when the problem of waste disposal in the metropolitan

was extremely severe that international groups soon intervened and pressured the

government to close down the infamous Smokey Mountain Dump Site (ADB, 2004). The

shutting down of this site soon led to reopening of two new dumpsites for the

Metropolitan: the San Mateo facility in Rizal and the Carmona facility in Cavite (ADB,

2004). Although they served Metro Manila and the communities around it for a period of

time, the people living near the dumpsites pressured the government to close down these

dumpsites for several reasons: pollution of groundwater, nasty odor, and the increase of

pest emergence in their community (Rollan, 2005). In addition, the members of the

12

community also protested against the noise made by the trucks (and the garbage trail they

leave) and the emergence of junk shops and informal settlers in their area (ADB, 2004).

Eventually, operations in Carmona facility stopped in 1998 while the San Mateo facility

stopped operating in 2000 (ADB, 2004; Rollan, 2005). The years 1999-2001 saw the

effect of shutting down these sanitary landfills. Shut downs have caused a collapse in

municipal waste system around Metro Manila (ADB, 2004). It goes without saying that

this had left many municipalities vulnerable to various public health risks (ADB, 2004).

A surge of various alternatives coming from affected communities emerged to

solve the increasing risks posed by the waste problem: residents would dispose their

waste materials usually by digging up land to open up new landfills or to create private

dumpsites (ADB, 2004). On the other hand, others continued to dump their waste on

closed sanitary landfills which later proved to be the wrong and dangerous choice as it

caused accidents and injuries. An example of this is the Payatas Incident of 2000 where a

massive landfill slope failure occurred that took the life of at least a hundred people

(Merry, Kavazanjian, and Fritz, 2005).

On September 2017, the 19 hectare Payatas Sanitary Landfill was shut down as

the area could no longer accommodate the large volume of waste sent from Metro Manila

(Abad, 2018). At the beginning of 2018, it was announced that Metro Manila’s garbage

would be transferred to two sites, one of them Rodriguez Rizal’s Provincial Sanitary

Land fill (Abad 2018). Unlike the Payatas Sanitary Landfill that served to accommodate

Metro manila’s garbage for 15 years, DENR claimed that Rodriguez, Rizal’s Sanitary

Landfill may not do the same as it is expected to close by 2022 (Abad, 2018).

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III. Rodriguez, Rizal: the Host Municipality

Formerly known as Montalban, the town of Rodriguez is the largest town of Rizal

province (Legal, Annawi, & Walpole, n.d.). The town is situated near urbanized towns

and cities such as Bulacan, Metro Manila, San Mateo, and Antipolo (Legal, Annawi, &

Walpole, n.d.). The proximity of Rodriguez, Rizal to such cities has affected the land

usage of the town.

The town of Rodriguez allowed Baranggay San Isidro to house an engineered

landfill that shall accommodate the garbage coming from Metro Manila on the following

grounds that: (a) the Payatas Dumpsite be completely shut down, (b) there must be

paved and reinforced roads leading to the engineered dumpsite before the start of

dumping, and (c) the people of Rodriguez willing to salvage garbage be given priority

and that garbage trucks must not make stop-overs in the closed Payatas Landfill Site

(Legal, Annawi, & Walpole, n.d.).

IV. Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management plays an important role in maintaining the health and

welfare of society. According to Asnani (2006), Solid Waste Management is one of the

basic services offered by municipal authorities is to maintain the cleanliness of

communities. In the Philippines, the Solid Waste Management is guided by Republic Act

9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which is responsible for

mandating Local government Units to create boards, projects, and applications to help

maintain the cleanliness of the community (Sapuay, 2016). The creation of Solid Waste

Management boards in LGUs is in line with the goal of facilitating the planning and

application of a strategy in managing the waste produced by the community based on the

14

mandated guidelines provided by the Republic Act’s Implementing Rules and Regulation

(Reyes & Furto, 2013). Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is mainly focused

on collecting, transferring, recovering resource, recycling, and treatment of waste

produced by a community (Henry et al. 2005). Given this, MSWM’s goal is to uphold the

health of the population and promote good environmental quality (Henry et al., 2005).

V. The Formal and Informal Sector of the Urban Economy

Ezeah et al. (2013) states there are two pillars supporting the urban economy:

these are the Formal and the Informal sectors. Ezeah et al. (2013) further expounds this

idea by differentiating the Formal from the Informal sector. The Formal sector comprise

the public and private enterprises which are supported by government agencies while the

Informal sector is not backed up by government agencies or is outside state control

(Ezeah et al., 2013). Sembiring & Nitivattananon (2009) share the same sentiment when

they stated Solid Waste Management is usually comprised of both the Formal and

Informal sector. Gupta (2012) agrees with this idea and explained further by citing that

the Informal sector plays a more active role when it comes to Solid Waste Management.

This is especially true in low and middle-income countries (Gupta, 2012) such as the

Philippines. Gupta (2012) states that Informal sectors usually deal with the recovery and

recycling of materials that still hold of great value as compared to the formal sector who

perceives Solid Waste Management through the limited views of collection and disposal.

Specifying what the Informal Waste Sector is, Sembiring & Nitivattananon

(2009) shared that informal waste recycling is usually carried out by the urban poor as

they use this as a means of survival through waste picking and scavenging. Ezeah et al.

(2013) agree with this by stating that people who typically carry out the informal waste

15

recycling task is usually done by the marginalized sectors who are forced to opt for tasks

like scavenging in order to adapt and survive in their environment. Zurbrugg (2002) adds

that such is the case for the informal sectors in many low-income countries in Asia where

work was labor-intensive and unsafe as their activities are not supported by any public or

private agency. Wilson et al. (2006) shares this viewpoint, defining the Informal sector as

usually associated with labor-intensive, small scale, unrecorded, unregulated, and low-

technology services. In addition, Wilson et al. (2006) also described the Informal waste

sector as working in groups (families) or by individuals.

VI. Contributions of the Informal Waste Sector and its integration in MSWM

Various literature have established the important contribution of the Informal

Waste Sector in solid waste management. According to Gupta (2012), the Informal sector

provides environmental benefits towards the municipality through their help in achieving

recycling targets and saving precious landfill space. Gupta (2012) adds that the Informal

sector helps in reducing further extraction of raw materials to create new products as they

return still reusable materials or secondary raw materials to the production cycle (through

informal recycling). Finally, Gupta (2012) presented the view that given their labor-

intensive methods and lack of motorized tools, the informal waste sector reduces the

usage of fossil energy use as compared to formal agencies that rely on motorized tools.

There is an existing prejudice towards the role of informal sector in solid waste

management. Zurbrugg (2002) states that in the past, municipal authorities would deter

the scavenging activities of the informal sector around landfills. According to Ezeah et al.

(2013), continuous disregard towards the informal waste sector could lead to failure

towards planned improvements, especially those concerning waste management.

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A particular example that highlighted not just the importance of the Informal

Waste Sector but also the importance of integrating them is the project created by Iloilo

City where their Informal Waste Sector was integrated into their Municipal Solid Waste

Management Program. According to the study by Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor

(2012), Iloilo City formed the USWAG Calahunan Livelihood Association (UCLA)

which was created a partnership between the municipality and the Informal Waste Sector.

Although this partnership brought new burden to the municipality to invest on the

integration of the Informal Waste Sector, the study showed that the project payed this

burden off with the benefits it provided to the various stakeholders and the community, in

general (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012). One particular benefit that the

community gained from this is the reduction of leachate generation and emitted

Greenhouse Gases around the landfill area Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012).

This is of great importance as this initiative further extends the lifespan of the sanitary

landfill (Paul, Arce-Jaque, Ravena, & Villamor, 2012), preventing them of closing it

down and looking for another dumpsite that could harm the citizens more instead of

protecting their well-being.

17

CHAPTER III

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

Theoretical Framework

This study will make use of Keith Hart’s Symbiotic Dual Urban Economy

(1973). In this view, he relates that the urban economy does not represent only the formal

sector like the one described by Lewis in his Dual Economy theory (Godfrey, 2011).

Godfrey (2011) states that the urban economy is further divided into two: a limited

formal sector and a thriving urban informal sector (as cited in Hart, 1973 likewise).

In specifying the characteristics of the Informal Sector, Hart (1973) states that the

distinction between formal and informal sector activities is concerned with income

opportunities, particularly on the basis of one being wage-earning and the other being

self-employed ( p. 68). In addition, he presented a typology of the different activities

done by the Formal income opportunities, the legitimate Informal Sector income

opportunities, and the illegitimate Informal income opportunities (Hart, 1973, p. 69).

This includes the following: First, the Formal Income opportunities are comprised of the

public sector wages, private sector wages, and Transfer payments such as payment on

leave. Second, the legitimate Informal Income opportunities are comprised of (a) Primary

and secondary activities which are focused on group activities that access income based

on space availability, (b) Tertiary enterprises which are part-time roles that individuals

join in after saving up some money by other means. Tertiary enterprises often involve a

Formal Job as Tertiary enterprises are, after all, just part-time jobs, (c) Small-scale

distribution is commonly focused on trading which, when fleshed out, involves various

18

activities involved within it: some Informal actors may be carriers, middlemen, buying

and/or selling in bulk or in quantities, etc., (d) Other services which are usually focused

on acquiring income based on their skills where payment is given irregularly but are

usually profitable, (e) Private transfer payments are activities which involve income

generation dependent either within the family or through begging on the streets where

payment is irregular and limits to such payment are non-existent. Third, are the

illegitimate Informal Income opportunities which often involve crimes such as the

underground economy of narcotics, money-laundering, prostitution, etc.

The study shall focus on the second characterization given by Hart which is the

legitimate Informal Sector in assessing what activities comprise the Informal Waste

Sector. One particular example that could be seen here is that of the Small-scale

distribution, specifically the buy-and-sell enterprise Informal Sectors usually get

themselves into. Junk Shops essentially manifest this enterprise where they buy and sell

either in large or small amounts when it comes to the junk they have acquired from waste

carries (who then acquired these from waste pickers).

Hart (1973) also stated in his study that the Informal Sector activities played an

important role in buffering the ups and downs of employment in the formal economy. In

his case study, he asserted that not all who are unemployed or without formal jobs are

totally penniless. Hart (1973) states that some find various income-generating activities,

such as the ones listed above under the legitimate Informal Sector activities, during the

period of their unemployment until they get a formal job. Such income-generating

activities are expected to provide payments that are irregular. Although members of these

unemployed people are considered to be poor, Hart states that this is true also to wage-

19

earners or those who are already part of the formal economy (Hart, 1973, p. 81). Like

what was stated in Tertiary enterprises where even after gaining a formal job, some

continue to enter part-time jobs in order to gain more income (Hart, 1973).

Conceptual Framework

This study theorizes several main causes on why the Informal Waste Sector is

excluded from the Solid Waste Management Policy of Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez,

Rizal. One of these is that there is already a Formal Sector for the Solid Waste

Management. The Formal Sector considered in this study is comprised of the Local

Government Unit of Rodriguez, Rizal who implement the Solid Waste Management

Policy and the staff manning the operations of the Rizal Sanitary Landfill. Another cause

that could explain such slow integration is that the Informal Waste Sector (IWS) are new

to the field, specifically the formal operations of dealing with the Solid Waste

Management. Being part of the Informal Waste Sector, it is assumed that the Informal

Waste Sector practice unorthodox methods in applying solid waste management. This

just means that such practices are not in line with the regulated activities practiced within

the Formal Waste Sector. Given this, the informal waste sector does not have training

20

from the LGU for them to familiarize the workings of the Formal Sector. Another reason

why the Informal Waste Sector is excluded is because integrating them would signify that

the government recognizes them. This is connected to the other cause where the Informal

Waste Sector’s integration brings additional burden to the government. This just means

that by integrating the IWS would mean additional training for these new members.

Government would also have to spend more when it comes to regulating the activities

and providing benefits and compensation to these new members. To the LGU, this choice

would be too costly for them to even consider. Finally, another cause that shall be

included is that the Informal Waste Sector has minimal contribution to the operation of

the Solid Waste Management program of the Local Government Unit. It would be

unnecessary for the government to include more members who are doing less, if not the

same, work as compared to their formal sector counterpart.

The general outcome of these factors is that the members of the Informal Waste

Sector would have poorer quality of life. Specifically, the IWS wouldn’t be able to

receive compensation from the government that could help alleviate their situation by

helping them deviate from relying on the informal economy. Such compensation also

includes health benefits. Their unregulated work would leave them vulnerable to various

diseases. In addition, the members of the IWS would continue to face the uncertainty of

gaining job opportunities from the formal sector which, like what was stated before,

could help them alleviate from their dependence on the informal economy.

21

CHAPTER IV

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher primarily used qualitative method in conducting this research to

acquire the needed information for this study. The data needed was obtained from

secondary materials and past literatures that are related and relevant to the study. The In-

depth interviews from the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

and the Key Informant Interview from the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources

Office (MENRO) of Rodriguez, Rizal were used as an addition to the data gathered from

secondary materials and past literatures. The primary objective of the In-depth Interviews

for the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro was to understand their level of

awareness of the Solid Waste Management Policy and to analyze the factors that may

contribute to their slow integration to the programs under this policy. The Key informant

interview for the MENRO of Rodriguez, Rizal is driven by the objective of understanding

the Solid Waste Management Policy in the National and Local Government levels and to

acquire the perspective of this division towards the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San

Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal. The data relevant to this study were gathered from secondary

materials and past literatures. The content from the In-depth interviews and Key

Informant Interviews supplemented the data from secondary materials and past literatures

and were analyzed by coding the common themes and subthemes found in these

interviews.

22

Locale of the Study

The study was limited to the municipality of Rodriguez, Rizal. The reason behind

this was that Rodriguez, Rizal is the host municipality of the sanitary landfill that is

currently accepting solid wastes not just from their municipality but also from cities

situated throughout Metro Manila.

Unit of Study

This study was primarily focused on two groups of individuals: the Informal

Waste Sector and the Formal Waste Sector. The participants of the In-depth Interview for

the Informal Waste Sector is limited to Brgy. San Isidro as this is the host barangay of the

sanitary landfill. The Key Informant Interview for the Formal Waste Sector was focused

on MENRO, a division of the Municipal Government of Rodriguez, Rizal.

Sampling Design

The researcher selected the head of the Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal as the Key Informant Interview for the Formal

Waste Sector while the researcher conducted purposive and snowball sampling methods

in choosing the participants of the In-Depth interviews. The purposive and snowball

sampling methods were guided by the following characteristics: Age and Role in the

Informal Waste Sector. On Age the participants must be 18 years old or above. On Role

in the Informal Waste Sector, the participants must be currently or have previously

worked as either of the following: waste picker, waste segregator, junk shop operator. In

connection with the latter requirement, this study will also include spouses or partners of

those currently working in the landfill site as they are an immediate dependent and have

23

some knowledge of the system within the Informal Waste Community. The purposive

and snowball sampling also required fifteen (15) participants, depending on the saturation

of information acquired from each participant.

Data Collection Procedures

The researcher used the following methods on data collection during the data

gathering period: review of secondary documents and past literatures and scheduling key

informant interview and in-depth interviews. The researcher’s goal in reviewing

secondary documents and past literatures was to assess the following issues: waste as an

existing problem in The Philippines, the characteristics of the environment this study is

focused on, the implementation of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines, the

characteristics of the Formal and Informal Sector in general, and the contributions of the

Informal Waste Sector and its integration in the implementation of Solid Waste

Management policy. The In-depth Interviews conducted with the Informal Waste Sector

of Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the Key Informant Interviews MENRO

Rodriguez were used to supplement the knowledge gathered from the secondary

materials and past literature.

Tools of Analysis

The study used document review of secondary materials and content analysis of

key informant interviews gathered during the data gathering period by coding them and

searching for themes and subthemes. This study withheld any biases in evaluating these

materials. Below is the matrix for the needed data and how these were collected and

analyzed:

24

Table 1. Data Matrix

Data Needed Sources & Data

Collection

Techniques

Analysis Ethical aspects

Discuss the Solid

Waste

Management in

the context of the

Philippines

Secondary

materials

Content Analysis by

searching for themes

and subthemes,

coding them, and

analyzing them

Proper

acknowledgement

of resources

The origins of

Rodriguez,

Rizal’s

Municipal Solid

Waste

Management

Interview

with the

MENRO

officer

Rodriguez,

Rizal

Historical

acts and

reports if

any

Content Analysis of

interview with

MENRO Rodriguez,

Rizal Officer by

coding themes and

subthemes

Proper

acknowledgement

of resources

Ask for Informed

Consent

The current

Municipal Solid

Waste

Management

Policy of

Rodriguez, Rizal

Interview

with the

MENRO

officer

Rodriguez,

Rizal

Reports if

any

Content Analysis of

interview with

MENRO Rodriguez,

Rizal Officer by

coding themes and

subthemes

Proper

acknowledgement

of resources

Ask for Informed

Consent

The level of

awareness of the

people in Sitio

San Isidro,

Barangay

Lukutang Maliit,

Rodriguez, Rizal

Purposive

Sampling

(interview

with

members

of the

Informal

Waste

Sector)

Content Analysis of

interviews

Proper

acknowledgement

of resources

Ask for Informed

Consent

Impact of the

policy

implementation

on the Informal

Waste Sector of

Rizal Provincial

Sanitary Landfill

Purposive

Sampling

(interview

with

members

of the

Informal

Waste

Sector)

Content Analysis of

interviews

Proper

acknowledgement

of resources

Ask for Informed

consent

25

In line with the objectives of this research, one of the data needed for this study is

concerned about placing the Solid Waste Management in the national context. This study

used the available secondary materials such as the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This study also needed the data on the origins of

Rodriguez, Rizal’s Municipal Solid Waste Management. The researcher acquired this

information by conducting an interview with the Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office (MENRO) of Rodriguez, Rizal regarding the origins of the

municipality’s Municipal Solid Waste Management and current Solid Waste

Management Policy. The reason behind this is because there is a gap in the literature

regarding this topic and, in general, about Rodriguez, Rizal.

The study investigated the level of awareness of the Informal Waste Sector on

Solid Waste Management and the impact of the policy implementation on the Informal

Waste Sector of Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill by conducting an interview with the

members of the Informal Waste Sector. This study interviewed 15 participants from the

Informal Waste Sector. Participants included the following (but not limited to): waste

picker, waste segregator, junk shop operator. Participants comprised of full-time,

previous informal waste workers, and immediate dependents (wife or husband) of

informal waste workers currently working at the sanitary landfill. Participants of this

study were within the age range of 18 years old and above. The questions asked revolved

around the following topics: their current job, awareness on the Solid Waste Management

Policy of the Philippines, their thoughts on this policy and how the government

implements it, their perception on the role of their jobs towards the environment and the

government’s initiative, and the way they deal with the hazards related to their work.

26

All interviews and samplings asked for an informed consent from the participants

of this study. Secondary materials were properly acknowledged in this study. After the

study, results shall be returned to the community through a meeting where the researcher

would discuss the findings of the study. Please see attached Informed Consent Form for

more details.

27

CHAPTER V

FINDINGS

In discussing the findings of this study, it is of great importance to review what the

objective of this study is in order to determine where these findings are grounded. In this

study, the core objective is to assess the factors that contribute to the slow integration of

the Informal Waste Sector the formal arrangements of waste management, focusing

primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy- implementation in Barangay San Isidro,

Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.

Given these, there are two primary branches that this section shall focus on: The

factors from the Formal Waste Sector which in this case is represented by the Municipal

Environment and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez and the factors from the

Informal Waste Sector which is represented by the fifteen (15) participants from Brgy.

San Isidro’s Informal Waste Sector in order to determine and assess how they both

contribute to the Informal Waste Sector’s slow integration.

This chapter focuses on the findings of this research study. The data gathered is a

culmination of secondary materials, past literatures, and coded In-depth interviews and

Key Informant interviews on parties relevant to this study.

A. The role of the Formal sector: the Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office - Rodriguez

Through the review of secondary materials and past literatures and the supplemented

knowledge from the conducted Key Informant Interview with the Municipal Environment

28

and Natural Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal, this study have found that the

following are the roles played by one of the institutions that comprise the Formal Waste

Sector of the community:

1. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) – Rodriguez

In general, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office is

responsible for monitoring, disseminating, and relaying of environmental

programs and projects from national agencies to the barangays of a municipality

(Teschner, 2018). Such national agencies include, but are not limited to DENR –

EMB (Environmental Management Bureau), LLDA (Laguna Lake Development

Authority), and DILG (Department of the Interior and Local Government)

(Teschner, 2018). The MENRO of Rodriguez Rizal was established in 2010 and

was the division primarily responsible for implementing R.A. 9003 or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Teschner, 2018) through the

creation of their 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan which was created in

2014 and finally approved in 2016 (Teschner, 2018).

2. Current Projects of MENRO - Rodriguez

a. Establishment of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

According to MENRO – Rodriguez, one of the salient provisions in R.A.

9003 is the establishment of Materials Recovery Facility or MRFs per

barangay in every municipality (Teschner, 2018). In R.A. 9003 (2001), it

was stated that the establishment of MRF per barangay shall be within

“barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable open space” that shall be

29

delegated by the Sanggunian of the barangay (p.28). R.A. 9003 (2001) also

stated that this facility shall be primarily used in receiving, sorting,

processing mixed waste and other recyclable wastes (p.29).

Currently the Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary landfill has its own Materials

recovery Facility where members of the barangay take part in operating and

maintaining the facility (Teschner, 2018). Among the eleven barangays

with MRFs, two or three of these are functional-operational (Teschner,

2018). The remainder of these MRFs are at different stages of

development: some barangays are still building infrastructures for their

MRFs while some are already set up but are still not functional (Teschner,

2018). The head of MENRO –Rodriguez noted that an important factor in

the establishment of Municipal Recovery Facilities is the act of record-

keeping (Teschner, 2018). Record-keeping in MRFs shall enable the

institutions in the National level to keep track of municipalities and cities

waste diversion rate (Teschner, 2018).

b. Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Campaign.

This is the current program spearheaded by MENRO – Rodriguez which is

considered as one of their main components in complying with the Solid

Waste Management Policy. Here, IECs are used to disseminate information

about environment welfare and accountability among citizens of

Rodriguez. According to MENRO, the information through documents and

videos are given from the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (Teschner, 2018). MENRO –Rodriguez shares that one example

30

of their IECs is their campaign on reducing the waste produced by a

household by urging citizens to refrain from using non-biodegradable

materials in various activities. One example of this is when going to the

market, they encourage people to use baskets instead of using plastic

containers that are only used once and are treated as garbage afterward

(Teschner, 2018). MENRO – Rodriguez believes in continued

dissemination of information through the IEC as change starts with

behavioral change (Teschner, 2018). Nowadays, even with strict

enforcement of R.A. 9003’s provisions, people still have a tendency to

practice negative habits of disposing materials. This is why the need for

intensifying IECs is a must according to MENRO – Rodriguez.

c. On the Informal Waste Sector

According to the key informant interview with MENRO – Rodriguez,

there is not much direct, full-blown, formal services offered towards the

Informal Waste Sector, particularly the scavengers/waste pickers

(Teschner, 2018). Most of the time, waste pickers are called in a barangay

hall where they are given Identification Cards and are instructed to buy

their own boots, gloves, and masks as part of their protective gear

(Teschner, 2018). Currently, the formal institutions do not have any

programs concerned with arming these informal waste pickers with

relevant gears such as the literal protective gears and/or proper training on

how to conduct safe and proper waste management. When asked whether

it would be feasible for the municipality to adopt programs that would

31

cater to integrating the informal waste sector, MENRO – Rodriguez said

that this is a possibility as long as all agencies involved in enforcing R.A.

9003 would implement it well (Teschner, 2018). The reason behind the

latter statement was that MENRO – Rodriguez is currently at its early

stages in instilling environmental awareness through their IECs and

monitoring establishments of MRFs per barangay (Teschner, 2018). For

this reason, these things are currently focused on and given more priority

over issues concerning the integration of the informal waste sector in

formal programs and services. That is why there is a need for effective and

efficient implementation of R.A. 9003, in order to move on to tackle

bigger problems.

3. Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary Landfill

a. General Description

The old dumpsite in Rodriguez, Rizal was called the Rizal Provincial

Sanitary Landfill; it was a 33-hectare dumpsite area that was now rehabilitated

(Teschner, 2018). A new sanitary landfill facility later emerged called

GREENLEAP Solid Waste Management Inc. which comprised 50 hectares of

the area (Teschner, 2018). GREENLEAP is a private waste management

facility located at Sitio Pintor of Brgy. San Isidro that deals with the garbage

brought to Rodriguez (Teschner, 2018).

b. Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT)

This team is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of the sanitary

landfill in Rodriguez (Teschner, 2018). They make sure that the sanitary

32

landfill complies to the provisions written in R.A. 9003 and conducts studies

like water testing for leachate around the area to make sure that the health and

welfare of the environment and citizens living nearby are prioritized

(Teschner, 2018). The monitoring and evaluation is done quarterly although

three months ago, MMT stopped its operation (Teschner, 2018). The team is

comprised of representatives from the National Solid Waste Management

Commission, DENR Region IV-A Environmental Management Bureau

(EMB), DENR Rizal, Provincial Environmental Management Unit (PEMU),

Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), Mines and Geosciences

Bureau, Rizal Provincial Government – Environmental and Natural Resources

Office (RPG-ENRO), Rizal Provincial Government Health, Municipal

Environment and Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez, and a representative

from Brgy. San Isidro (Teschner, 2018).

c. Tipping Fee

The sanitary landfill in Rodriguez (GREENLEAP) currently houses the

garbage produced by the following cities and municipalities: Rodriguez (the

host municipality), Makati, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Pasay, Mandaluyong,

Quezon City, Taguig, Pateros, Pasig, and Parañaque (Teschner, 2018). All of

the garbage trucks coming from these cities pay a tipping fee of Php 1,500

every time they enter the sanitary landfill to dump their garbage (Teschner,

2018). Rodriguez is an exception to this rule as it is the host municipality

(Teschner, 2018). This fee is collected by the private firm GREENLEAP that

is currently managing the solid wastes of these cities and municipalities.

33

4. The limitations of MENRO – Rodriguez

In the key informant interview, it was shared that MENRO – Rodriguez is

one of the primary agents responsible for implementing and enforcing the

provisions of R.A 9003 (Teschner, 2018). One particular manifestation of this is

the creation of the 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan, which ideally should

have been created several years after the enactment of R.A. 9003 (Teschner,

2018). Unlike other municipalities who have already created their 10 Year Solid

Waste Management Plans during the early years of R.A. 9003’s implementation,

Rodriguez, Rizal started quite later than the others (Teschner, 2018). It was only

in 2010 when MENRO – Rodriguez was created and it was only this time that the

10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan of the municipality was at its beginnings

(Teschner, 2018). It was only in 2014 that Rodriguez submitted its initial draft of

their 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan which was then finally approved this

2016 (Teschner, 2018). MENRO – Rodriguez shares that this might explain why

the municipality is more focused on instilling awareness (through their IECs) and

prioritizing the establishment of MRFs over issues concerning the informal waste

sector in Brgy. San Isidro (Teschner, 2018).

5. Plans for the near future

MENRO – Rodriguez shares that for the coming year, the office would conduct

more intensified IECs and orientation and training on waste segregation at source,

operation of MRFs, record keeping, etc. (Teschner, 2018). They also shared the plan

on creating a Central Municipal MRF which shall focus on various services such as

introducing the practice of alternative technology on residuals and composting

34

(Teschner, 2018). In connection to this, the office shall also pursue its project in

implementing Backyard Composting around the municipality, where households

with backyards sufficient for the practice of composting shall be obligated to create

one in an effort to lessen waste production per household (Teschner, 2018).

B. The Role of the Informal Waste Sector in their slow integration.

This part shall focus on the particular factors from the Informal Waste Sector that

contribute to their slow integration into the Formal sphere of Solid Waste Management.

The findings presented below are acquired from the coded transcription of the

participants’ recording.

1. Level of Awareness of the people of Brgy. San Isidro on the Solid Waste

Management Policy.

In a nutshell, the participants in this study have all confirmed through In-Depth

interviews that they have little to no knowledge on the Solid Waste Management

Policy of the Philippines. The first participant, who works as a waste segregator for a

private dumpsite, stated that all she knew about the policy is that it distinguishes her

job as informal and illegal. The second participant, a scavenger, stated that she

practically has no idea about the policy. All she knows is that she is scavenging and

that is a job that helped her survive. The third participant, a vendor near the landfill

site who used to work as a scavenger, stated that she had never heard of this policy

before. The fourth participant who works as a full-time scavenger is only aware of the

general intention of the law which is to provide a clean and safe environment for the

next generation. She added that she knows this law requires strict implementation on

35

proper disposal of waste and that she is all for it. Although, she did admit that is the

only extent of her knowledge on the policy. The fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth, tenth,

eleventh, twelfth, fourteenth participant all shared the same sentiment regarding the

policy: they have no idea what it is about. The seventh participant also shared this

sentiment but in addition, admitted that the only rules and regulations on waste

management that she is aware of are those implemented by her Association or the

group she belongs to. The thirteenth and fifteenth participant only knew about the

policy in its general sense that it is about waste management.

2. Level of Awareness on their role in helping the environment.

From a large perspective, the participants provided a variety of answers when

asked whether they see their work in the Informal Waste Sector as beneficial to the

environment. Many of the participants shared that they do not believe that their line

of work was beneficial for the environment. The first participant justified that even

though she sees her job as bad for the environment, she still need to do it because it’s

the only source of income that helps her family survive. The third participant shares

the same sentiment stating that garbage essentially produces money (May pera sa

basura). The seventh participant however showed that even though her job of

scavenging may have helped in recycling reusable materials like plastic, it still

doesn’t eradicate the fact that these plastics have chemicals that would later on be

detrimental to our environment. The thirteenth participant was not sure but he was

leaning more to the idea of his job being disadvantageous to the environment. Many

participants also saw their roles as beneficial to the environment like the fifth

participant who agreed that his role is important in helping the waste problem of the

36

environment although he did not expound on it. The sixth participant stated that he

also agreed that his job helps the environment in a way, as he explained that

scavengers essentially lessen the volume of garbage in the landfill site. The ninth

participant also agreed that she believed her role in the environment is beneficial

although she did not expound on her idea. The tenth participant agreed that this line

of work is beneficial to the environment, hoping that this could be a factor to help

attract more tourists to the country. The eleventh participant shared the latter

sentiment stating that scavengers and trash porters actually lessen trash accumulation

alongside roads. The twelfth participant shared the same thing saying that the

scavenger’s job lessens the volume of waste in the sanitary landfill. The fourteenth

and fifteenth participant agreed and stated that her job helps in segregating

biodegradable from non-biodegradable materials. Amidst these people who agreed

and those who disagreed, there are participants who were not sure and unaware at

their jobs’ overall impact to the environment: second and eighth participant.

3. On the regulation they received from the Sanitary Landfill.

One stark factor that surfaced among the interviews is the fact that the Sanitary

Landfill extends some form of regulation towards scavengers interested in coming to

the area. According to the fourth participant, the management of the Sanitary Landfill

implements strict rules to all scavengers and part of this set of rules is prohibiting the

scavengers from bringing sharp objects like knives when entering the facility. In

addition, the fourth participant shared that all scavengers are prohibited from running

after incoming trucks in order to be the first one to acquire the goods in the garbage

truck. The sixth, eleventh, and fourteenth participant shared that the Landfill also

37

prohibits running after bulldozers as the facility had witnessed cases of injuries,

accidents, and even deaths because of these acts. The sixth participant also shared that

such cases also caused the end of night shifts. Another strict rule is regarding the

requirements needed for scavengers to enter the facility. The fifth participant shared

that scavengers are strictly required to wear uniforms and present the identification

card. These requirements, according to the fifth participant, were renewed every year

during the months of January to February. The reason behind this is for emergency

purposes also: in cases of emergency, scavengers would be easily identified. When

asked whether these requirements were provided by the Sanitary Landfill Facility,

most of them exclaimed no as they are the ones who afford these requirements. If

they fail to attain such requirements, they would lose their livelihood. The tenth,

thirteenth, and fifteenth participant also stated the latter. The tenth participant added

that the management inside prohibits smoking because of the combustible gases

released by the waste materials in the landfill.

4. The Changes observed since they first arrived and worked at the landfill site.

This particular section is greatly connected to the Payatas shut down which was

explained above in Chapter 2. For a quick recap, the shut-down of the Payatas

landfill was caused by the fact that it can no longer accommodate the large volume

of waste sent from Metro Manila. This event influenced the event that made

Rodriguez, Rizal one of the new hosts chosen to replace the Payatas landfill.

Participants were aware of the effects of this event and most of them share the same

sentiment. The fourth participant stated that one of the changes she observed during

her 17 year stay in Brgy. San Isidro is the increase of residents coming from the area

38

around Payatas. The fifth participant noticed this too and adds that there is an

increase in garbage deliveries in the area, but it never guaranteed higher income for

them because of the increased competition in scavenging. When asked about the

changes he have witnessed in his stay in Brgy. San Isidro, the sixth participant also

shared about the increase in population, stating that the population actually doubled

recently. The seventh participant on the other hand stated the same thing regarding

the increased population but she claimed that the amount of garbage entering the

landfill site didn’t seem to change because garbage is produced day and night. The

eighth and ninth participant also claimed about this increase in population. The ninth

participant further stated that the increase in garbage received by the landfill site did

not mean that it guarantees more income because garbage trucks don’t always bring

valuable materials that they could trade in junkshops. The tenth participant shared

that the increased number of people coming from Payatas affected the income they

receive from their scavenged goods because more people entering the informal

industry. The twelfth participant shared the same sentiment stating that they used to

earn 700 to 800 pesos per day but was lessened to an average of 300 pesos per day

when the people from Payatas came to their place. The thirteenth participant

however stated that nothing much changed when it comes to the income because

their income changes every day as it is dependent on the amount of waste materials

they’ve collected. The fifteenth participant agreed with the latter statement as she

said nothing much changed throughout her 9 year stay in the community.

39

5. On Protecting themselves from health hazards in their occupation

In general, they all agree that they all must depend on themselves when it comes to

protecting themselves from the health hazards that lie in their occupation of illegal

waste management. The first participant shared that she feels that uses slippers when

conducting her work. When asked if she was worried about her health and safety, she

answered that she wasn’t since none of them had experienced any sickness caused by

their environment. To her standards, she believes that what she uses (the slippers) is

enough to protect herself from the possible hazards that might acquire from her work.

The second participant shared that she uses boots and gloves in conducting her work,

she believes that ideally what she use is not enough to protect a worker in the field of

solid waste management. She believes that the best thing she can do is to protect

herself in a way that would still enable her to work efficiently even though these

‘protective gear’ may not be ideally enough to protect her overall safety. The third

participant stated that when she was working as an illegal waste picker, she used boots

and a mask. Like the previous participants, she also believes that what she use is

enough for her. Although, like the second participant, she believed that these are not

enough to protect the overall wellness of a person as smoke or polluted air could still

pass through the air passages of people and that endangers ones health. She even

shared that many of the people working and living near the landfill site area are mostly

experiencing asthma because of weak lungs. The fourth participant claimed that she

uses gloves but sometimes opt not to because she still gets scratches and cut even

when wearing gloves. The fifth participant on the other hand, use long-sleeves, boots,

and a mask to protect himself when scavenging. The sixth participant shared that he

40

use boots but claimed to change boots when he finds a sturdy one while scavenging.

He admits how impractical it was to buy new ones. The seventh participant claimed

that she uses gloves, boots, and a jacket to protect from the heat. The eight participant

a waste segregator, stated that she uses gloves but sometimes chooses not to use it

because it made no difference whether she used her bare hands or not. The ninth

participant shared that she doesn’t use anything other than her uniform and pants to

protect herself. The tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth participants all

use boots that they had acquired from the landfill site as their form of protection when

conducting their job. The twelfth participant also use only boots to protect himself

although the difference is that he buys his boots, treating it as an investment to his line

of work. The tenth and fourteenth participants both use makeshift clothes as masks to

cover their face from dusts.

All of them shared one thing in common: they all agreed that what they use is not

ideal but they are all used to the environment. They have to, because it’s their

livelihood.

6. Alternative sources of compensation.

Only two of the participants shared that they are a member of MRF, a group

where individuals get to segregate solid waste materials. According to the second

participant, this group also helps them in instances where they need funding for

medicines or small operations on cuts acquired from their work. When asked where

this fund comes from, the second participant stated that it came from the contribution

of the workers of the MRF. Here, they get to pay Php 10.00 for their fund. The third

participant shared that she too was once a member of MRF when she was working as

41

an illegal waste picker. Looking back, the MRF is most probably the Material

Recovery Facility existing in Brgy. San Isidro. MENRO – Rodriguez shares that each

barangay has its own discretion in operating their MRFs (Teschner, 2018). This would

explain why the funding for other services catering the needs of the MRFs workers are

burdened by the members themselves (through the contribution).

All of the remaining participants share that they are a part of an association. All of

them share the same justification on why they became a part of their respective

association. The fourth participant stated that she is a member of an association called

Bagong Buhay which was established 5 years ago. She shares membership with the

sixth participant who stated that besides Bagong Buhay, there are six associations

existing in the area that aims to help their members especially at times of accidents and

deaths. When asked how associations in the area are funded, the fifth participant said

that this was done through a contribution system: All members of an organization

would pay 10 pesos to their organizations once every week (which usually falls on a

Wednesday). The seventh participant shared that she is also a member of an

association called ISLABA and she vouches the information that they too pay 10 pesos

every Wednesday of the week as part of her contribution to the association’s fund.

The eighth, ninth, eleventh, and fourteenth participants shared in their individual

interviews that they have not experienced any form of injury but they do contribute to

their respective associations. The tenth, twelfth, and fifteenth participants all shared

that the associations guarantees only a small amount of money to help cover their

medical finances as there are other members asking for help too. The thirteenth

participant shared that he is part of SIMCA, one of the associations in Brgy. San

42

Isidro, that conducts meetings held almost regularly. These meeting focus on

reminding members to follow the strict rules inside the landfill site such as wearing

their identification card and not tailing after bulldozers.

7. Willingness to participate in Solid Waste Management Programs of the

Government.

One particular similarity among the participants in identifying their willingness to

participate in the Solid Waste Management Programs of the Government depends

greatly on income. The first participant stated that she would consider any form of

government compensation as long as it could help her move on from working on

dumpsites because of the uncertainty regarding her income in this type of livelihood.

The second participant did not provide any information regarding this question. The

third participant also did not provide any information regarding this. The fourth

participant shared that her willingness to enter really depended on the income she’ll

receive once she’s part of the Formal Sector. Although her income as a scavenger may

be uncertain, she believes that it’s still enough for her and her family to survive. The

fifth participant stated that he was willing to join and participate in any future

government projects concerning waste management, although this willingness will

depend on whether the income would be better as compared to what he usually gains

from his current work. The sixth participant stated that he felt it won’t provide enough

income for him and his family so he doesn’t think he’ll consider it. The seventh

participant claimed that she is willing for a more interventionist approach from the

state where each of them could help each other out. The eighth and tenth participants’

choice to join if ever a program do exist depends on the income she’d receive. The

43

ninth participant that she would join if there is absolutely no work left for her in the

landfill area. The eleventh and fifteenth participants shared that they are willing to join

if ever the opportunity of a regular job from the government comes. The twelfth

participant stated that he will not join because he still believe that there is more income

made in scavenging materials than from a regular job. The thirteenth participant stated

that his willingness is driven by the factor of how well the treatment was inside this

regular job. The fourteenth participant was quite firm when she stated that she won’t

join because she’s knowledgeable of her current job and would rather stay there than

starting to work on a job she’s not used to.

44

CHAPTER VI

ANALYSIS

Looking from a larger perspective, this study is centered on assessing the factors

contributed by both the Formal Sector and Informal Sector towards the slow integration

of the latter into the former through the Solid Waste Management Policy. Going back to

the Theoretical Framework, this study is grounded on Hart’s 1973 study of the Informal

Sector activities where he asserted that not all those who are unemployed or without

formal jobs are totally penniless. Here, Hart (1973) expounded that some find various

income-generating activities while they look for a stable job. This theory can be

connected to his other theory on the Legitimate Informal Income Opportunities as many

jobs comprising this (Primary and secondary activities, Tertiary enterprises, small-scale

distribution, and other services) are the usual temporary jobs entered by those seeking

job.

In this study, Hart’s (1973) characterization of the Legitimate Informal Income

Opportunities, specifically the Small-scale distribution jobs, greatly describe the

participants of this study as all of them are involved in trading: Scavengers’ income is

rooted in trading scraps and other reusable items they’ve uncovered to junk shops

through Junkers. Participants who are waste segregators in this study are working for

junk shop owners and are at the receiving end of scraps and other materials during a

trade-off with scavengers.

This study theorized several causes as to why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet

fully integrated into the Formal Waste Sector despite the fact that they essentially

perform functions that would be beneficial to the whole Solid Waste Management

45

process. One theory is the fact that there is already an existing Formal Waste Sector in

the form of the Local Government Unit, particularly the Municipal Environment and

Natural Resources Office – Rodriguez and a private waste management facility. Based on

the findings on the Key Informant Interview with MENRO, the current sanitary landfill

emerged out of the contract between the LGU and the private waste management facility

where the latter would supervise the management of the facility while the host

municipality enjoys perks such as free tipping fee on dumping their collected garbage to

the dumpsite. In the study, the role of the private waste management facility was

described by the scavengers whose livelihood are connected to the waste facility. Here,

the participants described the private waste facility as a management that lets them

scavenge the landfill area in exchange for obeying certain rules that essentially would

keep scavengers from accidents, injuries, or even death. Based on these findings, this

study therefore establishes that the existence of the Formal Waste Sector already fulfills

the burden of managing large volumes of waste in the area. In addition, this study also

found out that the Formal Waste Sector does not fully exclude the Informal Waste Sector

in managing these wastes as manifested by the fact that they allow the latter to scavenge

the landfill area under their supervision in order to maintain their safety. Although they

may not be formally integrated, they are indirectly supported by the Formal Waste Sector

by breaking down the barrier that only the Formal Waste Sector had the sole

responsibility for managing wastes in the landfill area.

Another theory that may explain why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet fully

integrated is because they lack the proper training of managing equipment and other

activities in order to manage important facets of Solid Waste Management. This is

46

manifested in the interviews with the participants from the Informal Waste Sector which

expressed how they are placed at a position that is lower than the management facility.

Given the fact that they have to abide by their rules and requirements to freely scavenge

the landfill area tells that there is not much knowledge and training on the part of the

informal waste sector. In addition, the private waste facility also does not provide any

guarantee of a regular income for the Informal Waste Sector. The only thing they could

do is allow them to scavenge there for materials they would sell as long as they abide by

their rules. The participants also lack proper materials to help them protect themselves

from hazardous waste as manifested by the interviews where they source out their

protective gears from the landfill itself.

Another causation theorized in the study is that integrating the Informal Waste

Sector would bring additional burdens to the government. This is manifested by the

overarching situation of LGU side as represented by MENRO. MENRO shares that the

municipality is still at the early stages of implementing the Solid Waste Management

Policy and are therefore prioritizing foundational programs like Information

Dissemination Programs and strengthening Materials Recovery Facilities per barangay.

At the moment, the integration of the Informal Waste Sector is a daunting task that

couldn’t be prioritized yet. MENRO needs to strengthen and prioritize several projects

before adding another burden on their plate.

The last causation theorized on why the Informal Waste Sector is not yet fully

integrated is because the Informal Waste Sector has a minimal contribution. This issue is

manifested in the divide on whether the Informal Waste Sector actually helps the

environment. In past literatures, it was stated that Informal Waste Sector provides

47

environmental benefits towards the municipality through their help in achieving recycling

targets and saving precious landfill space (Gupta, 2012). Gupta (2012) also adds that the

Informal Waste Sector helps reduce further extraction of raw materials to create new

products that are still reusable. The interviews among members of the Informal Waste

Sector reveal that there are still those who don’t see themselves as important agents in

helping the environment. One particular interview from a participant even said that the

materials they segregate and handle, especially those plastics, still contain chemicals that

are harmful to the environment. Although this is the case, there are still those from the

interview who see themselves as lessening the actual volume of the waste as their job

requires to recycle re-usable materials.

Based on the findings, there are additional factors as to why integration to the

Informal Waste Sector tends to be slow. On the Informal Waste Sector side, part of what

keeps them from being fully integrated is the existence of Associations. These groups act

as organizations where members of the Informal Waste Sector could acquire

compensation through monetary means. Basically, members who might get sick or

experience injuries could expect support from the Associations they belong to. In

addition, most of the members of the Informal Waste Sector do not have knowledge

about R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. These

additional factors show that the Informal Waste Sector has little incentive to join the

Formal Waste Sector especially since they are receiving compensation even though it

might not be the ideal form.

All in all, this study have shown that the factors that greatly contribute to the slow

integration of the Informal Waste Sector are influenced by both the Formal and Informal

48

Waste Sector. On the Formal Waste Sector is the fact that the MENRO-Rodriguez is

currently at its early stages and is focusing on strengthening their foundational programs

such as IECs and the establishments of MRF per barangay. The Informal Waste Sector’s

contribution can be attributed to their contentment with what they have. This contentment

can be specifically linked to the following specific factors theorized in this study: a.) That

there is already an existing Formal Waste Sector (MENRO – Rodriguez and the Private

Landfill site) provides little incentive for the Informal Waste Sector to join in as the

former already fulfills the burden of managing large volumes of solid waste in the landfill

area, b.) That the Informal Waste Sector in Brgy. San Isidro does not have the formal

training and proper equipment to be fully integrated into the whole waste management

scheme, c) That there is still a divide within and outside the Informal Waste Sector

regarding their importance and contribution to waste segregation and the environment in

general.

49

CHAPTER VII

CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary and Conclusion

The study conducted aimed at assessing the factors that contribute to the slow

integration of the Informal Waste Sector from the Solid Waste Management policy-

implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.

To be more specific, the study aimed to answer the question: Why is there an existing

gap, in the sense of their being not yet integrated with formal arrangements, between the

Informal Waste Sector and Local Government Policy on Solid Waste Management in

Rodriguez, Rizal when it comes to further rehabilitative and sustainable waste

management? What are the implications of such?

A tentative answer provided at the beginning of this study was that the factors

contributing to this slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector are: (1) There is

already an existing Formal Waste Sector, (2) The Informal Waste Sector are new to the

field, (3) Being part of the regulation signifies recognition from the government, (4) the

Informal Waste Sector has minimal contribution, (5) The Informal Waste Sector’s

integration could bring additional burdens to the government.

In conducting the research, the study used qualitative methods specifically In-

depth interviews on the participants of the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro,

Rodriguez, Rizal and Key Informant Interviews on the representative from the Formal

Waste Sector which is the head of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources

Office of Rodriguez. The questions in these key informant interviews were guided by the

50

specific objectives of this study which are: (1) To discuss solid waste management for the

country as a whole: what policies or laws have been passed in this regard, their

implementation, and results of such implementation; (2) To discuss the solid waste

management of Rodriguez, Rizal as to: its origins and implementation, the level of

awareness of the people, the slow integration from the formal program of the Informal

Waste Sector from the formal program of the local government unit and the implications

of such, and the reaction from the Informal Waste Sector; (3) To provide

recommendations to further strengthen the municipality’s solid waste management

program.

From the gathered and analyzed data, it can be seen that two important reasons

emerged as factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector

from the existing Formal programs:

a. The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) –

Rodriguez is still in its early stages.

MENRO - Rodriguez is still in its early stages and like what was said from the

gathered and analyzed data, they are prioritizing foundational programs such as

Information, Education, and Communication Campaigns and the establishment

and monitoring of Material Recovery Facility’s per barangay. They are aware of

the plight of the Informal Waste Sector and other concerns but they need to first

facilitate strong implementation and enforcement of the many foundational

provisions found in R.A. 9003 before addressing these concerns of the Informal

Waste Sector.

51

b. The Informal Waste Sector is contented with what they have and has little

incentive to join the Formal Waste Sector

In Rodriguez, Rizal, the Informal Waste Sector is not completely excluded from

the services of the Formal Waste Sector. Some of them are part of the established

MRF located in Brgy. San Isidro, a mandated project under the R.A 9003. From

here, several members of the Informal Waste Sector were able to receive health

compensation through the fund members of the MRF keep that is aimed at

helping members who are in need of medical assistance. While others receive

compensation/assistance from their respective Associations within the Informal

Waste Sector community of Brgy. San Isidro. This essentially gave little incentive

for the Informal Waste Sector to fully seek integration into the formal programs;

making them contented with the available resources at hand. This contentment is

further strengthened by the following factors discussed in the analysis such as: (1)

the existence of formal waste sector (MENRO – Rodriguez and the private

landfill facility); (2) Informal Waste Sector’s lack of formal training and proper

equipment to be fully integrated into the whole waste management scheme, and

(3) A divide on identifying the Informal Waste Sector’s importance within the

group. Most importantly, this tendency to be contented was only inevitable as

they are in immediate need of work and income, regardless if this is legal or not,

in order to help their family.

Through the analysis of the data gathered in this study, it could be concluded that

the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the formal arrangements is

contributed by the fact that the current formal institution, manifested by MENRO –

52

Rodriguez, is currently in its early stages. At the moment, MENRO - Rodriguez is

primarily focused on prioritizing its foundational projects such as information

dissemination through IECs and monitoring and strengthening established MRFs per

barangay. The implications of such is that the Informal Waste Sector created a tendency

of contentment in what they have and in with the compensation they receive from their

respective Associations.

Recommendations

As our country face alarming environmental issues such as global warming and

flash floods in urban areas, it is important that Filipinos tackle the root causes of these

issues with pragmatic solutions. As stated in Chapter 2, waste production has been one of

these root causes that is associated with the environmental problems experienced by the

Philippines. Given this, it is therefore imperative that implementation of environmental

laws such as R.A. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 be given

priority in order to protect and conserve the environment that we all live in.

As seen in the conclusion, this study found out that the Formal Waste Sector (in

the form of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office or MENRO –

Rodriguez) and the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro both contribute to the

latter’s slow integration into the formal arrangements of waste management. Given the

result of this study, the following are recommended not just to help improve the relations

between MENRO – Rodriguez and the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro but

53

also to help future researchers who may be interested in this particular case on Solid

Waste Management and the Informal Waste Sector.

A. Recommendations for MENRO – Rodriguez

As stated in the Conclusion of this study, MENRO – Rodriguez

contributes to the Informal Waste Sector of Brgy. San Isidro’s slow integration

because they are still in their early stages of fully implementing R.A. 9003.

Therefore, they need to first prioritize foundational projects such as information

dissemination through Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Campaign

and monitoring and strengthening established MRFs per barangay before focusing

on other programs that could help integrate the Informal Waste Sector.

To help intensify their foundational programs, the researcher recommends

that MENRO – Rodriguez do two things: (1) Include the Informal Waste Sector

of Brgy. San Isidro in their Information, Education, Communication (IEC)

Campaign. Through this, MENRO – Rodriguez could educate the Informal Waste

Sector of Brgy. San Isidro about the environmental problems faced by the country

and explain the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. (2) MENRO –

Rodriguez could introduce the Informal Waste Sector in managing MRFs or

Material Recovery Facilities. This could be done through orientations on

segregating mixed waste, cleaning recyclable materials, making of compost pits

among others.

B. Recommendations for the Informal Waste Sector

The conclusion part of this chapter has stated that the Informal Waste

Sector also contribute to their slow integration into the formal arrangements of

54

waste management because they have little incentive to join the Formal Waste

Sector. As shown in this study, this sentiment is due to the fact that they are

already contented with their work and Associations within their community

guarantees them compensation (especially health compensation) if ever they

injure themselves while working.

The researcher believes that education about Solid Waste Management is

key in creating a future where they could be integrated into said formal

arrangements of waste management. Given this, the researcher recommends that

leaders of Associations (who also work as scavengers, junk shop operators, etc.)

should partner with MENRO – Rodriguez in creating orientations and forums on

topics like environmental issues, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act,

safety measures in the landfill site and the like. These orientations could be

conducted during their meetings within Associations.

C. Recommendations for Future Researchers

So far, this study has provided an overview of the current situation of

MENRO – Rodriguez and their general relations with the Informal Waste Sector

of Brgy. San Isidro. Without a doubt, there are still a lot of things to be

investigated regarding this case. The researcher recommends that future

researchers of this case conduct a Before - After Evaluation of this particular case

in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal in order to compare and assess the progress

of MENRO – Rodriguez regarding the implementation of R.A. 9003.

55

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Appendix

Interview Guide for the Informal Waste Sector

1. Ano po ang trabaho niyo sa Sanitary Landfill Facility?

2. Papaano po kayo nakakuha ng trabaho doon?

3. May iba pa po ba kayong pinagkukunan ng hanap-buhay?

4. Ilang taon na po kayong nakatira dito? Ilang taon na po kayo nagtatrabaho dito?

5. Kayo po ba ay pamilyar sa polisiya ng bansa tungkol sa Solid Waste

Management? Kung oo, ano po ang nalalaman niyo tungkol dito?

6. Sa tingin niyo po, paano po isinasagawa ng gobyerno ang mga nakasaad sa

polisya na ito?

7. Pamilyar po ba kayo sa Materials Recovery Facility o MRF?

8. Kayo po ba ay nagtrabaho na o nagtatrabaho doon?

9. Sa tingin niyo po ba nakakatulong sa ating kalikasan ang inyong hanap-buhay?

10. Sa tingin niyo po ba, nakakatulong ang inyong hanap-buhay sa polisiyang ito ng

gobyerno?

11. Paano niyo po priprotektahan ang inyong sarili sa inyong hanap-buhay lalo na’t

marami sa mga bagay na inyong nahahawakan o naamoy ay maaring delikado sa

inyong kalusugan?

Interview Guide for MENRO (Municipal Environment and Natural Resources

Officer)

1. For the first question, what is MENRO? What are the roles played by MENRO

when it comes to managing solid waste?

2. According to Sec. 12 of RA 9003, “Each city or municipality shall form a City or

Municipal Waste Management Board that shall prepare, submit and implement a

plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste generated in areas under

its geographic and political coverage.” Given this, does Rodriguez, Rizal have a

Municipal Solid Waste Management Board? And if so, kindly share how it

works?

3. In connection to this, Sec. 16 of RA 9003 states that “the province, city or

municipality, through its local solid waste management boards, shall prepare its

respective 10-year solid waste management plans consistent with the National

Solid Waste Management Framework.” Kindly share the 10-year solid waste

management plan of the Municipal Solid Waste Board?

a. Would it be possible to acquire a copy of the Rodriguez’ Local

Government Solid Waste Management Plan?

4. Are you familiar with the step-by-step process of how solid waste is managed?

How does it work?

5. Are there any recent programs on solid waste management in the municipality

such as information dissemination programs?

6. Section. 47 of RA 9003 states that Local Government Units shall impose fees in

amounts sufficient to pay the costs of preparing, adopting, and implementing a

solid waste management plan prepared pursuant to this Act. My question is, does

Rodriguez impose such fees? How does the municipality do this?

7. I would just like to confirm what I researched, is the landfill in Rodriguez, Rizal

called the Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill?

a. Is this Landfill owned and operated by a private sector?

b. How does the relationship work between the private and the public sector

when it comes to managing the landfill site?

i. For example, does the government employ the truck drivers, waste

segregators, etc.?

ii. Does the government pay for the equipment used in the landfill

site?

8. Are you familiar with the municipalities or cities that deliver their garbage to the

Rodriguez’s Landfill? What are these municipalities or cities?

a. Is Manila one of the cities that sends their garbage to the Rodriguez

Landfill?

9. Are you familiar with the Informal Waste Sector near the landfill site? What are

your thoughts?

10. Do you think, in some way, they have a role in helping implement the Solid

Waste Management Policy of the town? Why or why not?

11. Do you think that it is feasible to create a program where the informal waste

sector could be integrated? Why or why not?

Data Page Quote and Line Number Themes/Subthemes

MENRO is responsible in

primarily in monitoring,

disseminating information,

and relaying of

environmental programs

and projects from national

agencies to barangays of a

municipality

1

“Ang Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office, kami ang pagdating sa

yung monitoring saka IEC: Information,

Education, Communication Campaign. At

kami ang nag-aano ng pagmomonitor nung

iba, nag-rerelay sa barangay ng iba’t ibang

programa ng national agencies kamukha nung

DENR-EMB: Environmental Management

Bureau, LLDA: Laguna Lake Development

Authority, DILG yung mga programa nila

tungkol sa environment.” (19-23)

The role of the Municipal

Environment and Natural

Resources Office -

Rodriguez

A current project

spearheaded by MENRO

in accordance with R.A.

9003 is the establishment

of the Materials Recovery

Facility

2

“Na ipapatupad nga sa bawat barangay. Sa

buong municipality. Halimbawa, isang

mandate, mandated sa R.A. 9003 kung

nabasa mo naman, mandated ang bawat

baranggayna magtayo, yun ang main salient

provisions ng R.A. 9003, ang establishment

of MRFs by every barangay. Waste

segregation at source and segregated

collection. Iyan, yan ang nakalagay doon sa

ano, waste segregation at source, segregated

collection, and IEC, component din yan ng

isang magandang pagpapasunod ng solid

waste management. Ginagawa din naming

yan. Ano, ano pa ba. Barangay operation o

establishment operation ng functional

recovery facility. Ano pa ba. May isa pa eh.”

(36-42)

Current Projects of

MENRO- Rodriguez

A current project MENRO

is currently focused on is

the IEC Campaign

(Information, Education,

Communication)

MENRO stated that there

is not much direct, full-

blown, formal services

offered towards the

Informal Waste Sector,

particularly the

scavengers/waste pickers

although there are steps

being taken into

consideration to start

including them.

13

“Pinag-aaralan nila kung papaano

maiimprove yung plight ng mga waste

pickers. May ano pa nga yan eh, may tanong

nga lagi sa amin: kung at least may

orientation ba sila tungkol sa kanilang mga

ano, ganyan eh, no orientation, no seminar o

training para paano man. Halimbawa tungkol

naman sa pangangalaga sa sarili nila, sa

health, sa health and sanitation. Kung merong

ano...” (35-38)

The participant provided a

general description of the

sanitary landfill and a brief

backgrounder.

7

“Oo, Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill yun.

Pero, anon a iyon, yung parteng iyong,

rehabilitated na. Wala nang ano… may bago

na. Ano nang pangalan ngayon, Mark? Green

Leap? Sige nga. Tapos paki-bigay mo na sa

akin yung description noong yun. Ah, ilang

hectare, 44 ba? 24, 44 hectare facility. Bago

yun yung anong yun… kumbaga, naghukay

ng panibago. Kasi nga puno na siguro, kaya

naghihintay ng rehabilitation, yung dating

landfill na lugar na iyon. Kumbaga, kung ito

yung isang area, ito yung hinukay nila, ito

yung panibago, panibagong pangalan, pero

iisa yung namamahala. Yun lang, kasi hindi

ko naman alam yung ano eh. Tapos oo yun

lang. Estudyante siya sa, ano ang thesis niya

tungkol sa Solid waste.” (30-37)

A description of

Rodriguez, Rizal Sanitary

Landfill

Coding for Key Informant Interview

The participant also shared

about the role of the

Multipartite Monitoring

Team (MMT) in the

landfill site and the

importance of their role in

maintaining it.

9

“Multipartite Monitoring Team composed of,

kaya nga Multipartite, no? National

Provincial and Local Government

representatives na regularly, I think quarterly,

na nagmomonitor, nagcoconduct ng

monitoring and evaluation sa sanitary

landfill. Tinitignan lahat-lahat yung pagsunod

nila sa batas, kung ano man ang ano. MMT,

Multipartite Monitoring Team. Composed

yan ng National Solid Waste Management

Commission, DENR Region IV-A EMB:

Environmental Management Bureau. Kapag

ano kasi, kasi yang Montalban, Region IV-A,

CALABARZON. So, iyan ang DENR

Region, DENR Rizal, PEMU: Provincial

Environmental Management Unit, LLDA:

Laguna Lake Development Authority, at

Mines and Geosciences Bureau. May

representative yang mga yan, yungmga

agencies nay an, tapos, Kapitolyo, Rizal

Provincial Government, yung ENRO. RPG-

ENRO: Rizal Provincial Government

Environment and Natural Resources Officer,

tapos Health sa Kapitolyo yun ha, at saka…

parang yun lang health at saka ano sa

kapitolyo. Tapos dito, ako.” (2-9)

“Oo, iyan ang MMT. Iyana ng supposed to be

ay magtitingin talaga kung sila ay

nakakacomply, doon sa environmental, oo

yung environmental compliance nila, kasi

may naka, bawat isang ano, may naka, may

listahan sila ng tamang dapat nilang sundin.

Para nga maganda ang pagpapatakbo,

maalagaan ang environment ganayna doon sa

sanitary landfill. Iyana ng tumitingin,

monitoring and evaluation ng multipartite

monitoring team na iyan. It’s done every

quarter of the year. Pero, nitong anon a

tumigil. Kaya iyan, sagot doon sa… supposed

to be kung may ganyan, maprereprevent na

kung ano man, yung ano, kasi tumitingin…”

(19-25)

The participant shared

about the benefits of

housing most of Metro

Manila’s waste such as the

tipping fee collected per

garbage truck.

5

“Tipping Fee yun yung binibigay, binabayad

mo sa Sanitary landfill sa bawat truck na

ipapasok mong basura. Talagang ang

binabayaran lang namin sa private holer

namin, ang binabayaran lang ay talagang

yung hakot nila, yung truck nila, yung sa

paghakot. Pero pag pumasok na sa…

ipapasok na sa, idudump mo na sa Sanitary

Landfill, walang bayad ang (…). Ang

Tipping Fee ata… magkano ang Tipping Fee

ngayon? P 1,500? Isang elf. Parang ganoon.

Hindi kami nagbabayad. So imagine kung,

halimbawa mga ilang truck ba ang…” (21-

26)

The implementation of

R.A. 9003 is slow and it

hinders other projects that

could have been forwarded

already.

13

“Kasi nga, parang huli ang Montalban sa

pagsunod sa R.A.9003. Act of 200 yan eh. So

siguro ang implementation niyan mga 2001.

2010 ako nag-umpisa dito na… 2010, si

Mayor Elyong (Hernandez) Saka pa lang

The Limitations of

MENRO - Rodriguez

nagkaroon ng MENRO dito sa Montalban eh.

2010. Eh samantalang sa ibang bayan, 2001,

2002, may MENRO na. Kay 2005, yari na

yung 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan

nila. Ang 10 year Solid Waste Management

Plan namin, yung unang-una submission pa

lang ha, 2014 eh. Pagkatapos 2016 yung

talagang approval nung updated kasi inupdate

din naman nila. Ang ibig kong sabihin,

parang, parang nahuhuli doon sa awareness

yung mga tao. Tapos, ngayon na nag-

uumpisa nga sa pagsunod, naghihigpit na rin

ng pagpapatupad, ano yung enforcement,

inenforce na talaga yung implementation

parang nakafocus na sa mga ano, bago ma-

focus sa waste pickers. Naka-focus muna

doon sa pagtayo ng MRF, magpasunod, EIC,

yung mga constituents, para maintindihan

nila yung kahalagahan ng pagwawaste

segregation, para makatulong sa proyektong

ganyan ng barangay. Kaya, tapos maya-maya

andyan na yung sa mga drugs, yung mga

Tokhang, ang barangay very busy sa ano

kaya… Pero halimbawa, itong San Isidro,

pinag-aanuhan na nila yan eh…” (18-31)

The participant looks

forward to plans in

creating a Central

Municipal MRF and

programs in including the

Informal Waste Sector

through an intensified IEC

and training on waste

segregation at source,

operation of MRFs, record

keeping, etc.

14

“. Kaya, kami ang ano naming nito, pagpasok

ng taon talaga, mas intensified na IEC at

orientation and training nanaman tungkol

diyan sa lahat ng ano waste segregation at

source, operation ng MRF, record keeping,

mga ganoon. Paano yung composting, kahit

yung mga small-scale composting na mga

puwedeng gawin sa mga backyard. Kasi

obligatory din ang composting sa R.A. 9003,

obligatory ang composting sa mga barangay.

At ang barangay in turn, puwede naman

silang magbigay ng ordinansa na yung mga

bahay bahay na may space para makapg-

practice ng backyard composting, kailangang

maggawa. Ngayon dito sa Rodriguez, kahit

na hindi naman talaga ano yan, pero

maggagawa kami ng Central Muncipal MRF.

Na ang parang magiging main, pinaka-main

na ano ay talagang kasi halos mahigit

dalawang tonelada ang biodegradables sa

palengke, sa public market ng ano. At sa iba

pang ano, di mas Malaki ano. Tapos mahigit

dalawang tonelada dito pa lang sa public

market ng munisipyo. Kaya parang yung

composting ang mag-aano. Kaya puwedeng

pagka talagang nag-ooperate na yan. Kung

talagang may mga barangay na meron silang

compostables, dadalhin na lang nila sa

Central Municipal MRF. At magfofocus doon

sa charcoal (…) kasi may mga equipment na

(…) ilalagay. At yung pag-aano ng ang mga

alternative technology, na halimbawa

gagawin mo sa mga dating mga residuals,

yung mga patapon na, residuals ang tawag

doon eh, doon sa mga patapon na talaga.

Recyclables, compostables, residuals. Pero

may mga residuals pa rin na puwedeng baka

Plans for the near future

makahanap ng technology na magagamit mo

kamukha nung ginagawa nila ngayon na

naggagaganyan ng mga ano. Tapos

ginagawang palaman sa unan. Yung ganoon

ano, alternative technology. Para sa mga

ano… Siguro doon magfofocus yung Central

MRF. Siguro by Decemeber, itong buwan na

ito, nagbibidding pa lang aksi doon sa sa

munisipyo. Inaano nila by this December,

matapos na mag-uumpisa na ng construction.

At January talagang... Tapos ngayon lang din

nagkakaroon ng ordinansa yung mga

barangay, meron na silang matagal na nabuo

na Baranggay Solid Waste Management

Committee. Each barangay, under din yan ng

ano, they’re supposed to do that, mag-

organize.” (21-43)

Coding of In-depth Interview (First Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is an

Informal Waste

segregator

1

Dito po kami nagpipili po kami ng basura dito

na galing ng… ay ano yun, mga basura na

tinatapon dito, pinipilian po naming,

binbayaran po namin yung per dumping. 800

pesos po, yun po yung hanap-buhay namin rito.

(lines 19-21)

Current Job in the Landfill site

The chosen

participant have little

knowledge on the

Solid Waste

Management Policy.

The participant

understood the

policy as a legal

restriction that

describes her job as

illegal

1

Yung sa amin po kasi ano yun eh, kumbaga

bawal talaga yung basura. Kaya lang po kung

pagbabawalan wala na po kaming hanap-

buhay. Kaya kung sa totoo lang po talaga,

bawal ito. Bawal po yung basura na ito. Kaya

lang, no choice talaga, kasi siyempre marami

akong anak. Yun talaga yung hanap-buhay

naming [lines 28-31]

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant

believes that her job

actually negatively

affects the

environment

2

Hindi, nakakasira nga poi yon sa kalikasan.

Kaya lang, yun talaga po yung hanap-buhay

naming. Wala naman kaming mapagtrabahuan

ng maayos. Siyemrpe marami akong anak, pito

yan. May nag-aaral akong college, isa. Tapos

minsan hindi pa nga ako nakakapagpadala. Ssa

dami naming kumakain. (lines 39-41)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant did

not comment on any

changes in the

landfill site

n/a n/a Changes observed since first

arrived at the landfill site.

She agreed that

protecting their

health relied on

herself. The

protective gear she

have may not be the

ideal, but they are

enough to protect her

from small things

that may hinder her

from working

properly like bruises

and cuts

4

• Awa ng diyos po wala naman pong

nagkakasakit. Kaya lang, siyempre, maaga pa

kami kailangang papunta na kami rito. Uuwi

kami hapon na talaga para mag-ayos ng kung

anong dapat mapagkakaperahan pagdating ng

hapon [line 28-30]

• Ay ano po bota, ako po kasi hindi nagbobota,

nagtsitsinelas lang po ako [line 35]

Protection from Health hazards

in their occupation

The participant did

not provide any

information.

n/a n/a Other source of compensation

The participant is

willing to consider

any form of

government

compensation that

could help alleviate

their lives than

working on

dumpsites.

3

Okay po iyon… na kung sila po yung tutulong

sa amin, eh…. Okay lang yun po sa amin,

kaysa ganito. Kasi ito po, hindi po ito habang-

buhay na ganito. Minsan po pagka ano talaga,

pinapatigil din ito sa amin. Hindi naman ito, as

in, tuloy-tuloy talaga. (Lines 30-32)

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger 1

Dito? Nag-aano ng basura. Nangangalahig.

(line 23) Current Job in the Landfill site

The chosen

participant have little

knowledge on the

Solid Waste

Management Policy.

The participant

understood the policy

as a legal restriction

that describes her job

as illegal

1

Ay, yun ang hindi ko inalam. Basta ang akin

lang eh ano… nangangalahig kami, tapos para

pagkakitaan namin. Yun lang. [lines 36-37]

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant was

unaware of her role

but she is confident

that policy-makers

are doing their best

to help the

environment

2

Sa kalikasan, ‘yan din hindi ko inalam. Pero

siyempre, alam naman natin sigurong lahat

‘yan di ba? Pero ginawan naman na ng paraan

yata iyan para hindi maano yung sa kalikasan.

Isang ano yan ng mga namamahala. (lines 5-7)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

She observed none n/a n/a Changes observed since first

arrived at the landfill site.

The participant

believed that she has

to look after her

health on her own.

This is manifested on

how she have to

provide protective

gear for herself on

her own.

2-3

• Naka-bota po tapos siyempre naka-guantes po

saka may gamit na ano kalahig. [line 44]

• Para po hindi ma-ano, matinik or masugatan

yung kamay. Mabubog. [line 4]

• Hindi. Siyempre natural. Pero kailangan nasa

iyo yung pag-iingat kasi andoon po yung

trabaho mo eh. Iingatan po yung sarili, ‘di ba?

[lines 8-9]

Protection from Health hazards

in their occupation

The participant

claimed that she has

participated in the

MRF (Materials

Recovery Facility)

and through this she

receives some form

of compensation.

• Miyembro rin kami ng MRF eh. [line 2]

• Yun pong ano, nagsesegregate ng basura [line

6]

• Doon po kami kukuha po ng ano… ng pang-

gamot [line 15]

• Yun pong sa amin, yung pinaka-pondo. Ay

ang ibig sabihin, yung butaw. [line 35]

Other source of compensation

No information

provided n/a n/a

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding of In-depth Interview (Second Participant)

Coding of In-depth Interview (Third Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

vendor even before

she landed in Brgy.

San Isidro

1 Ganyan din po. Nagtitinda. (Line 19) Current Job in the Landfill site

The participant was

not familiar with the

policy.

2 Hindi naman eh. [line 16] Level of Awareness on the Solid

Waste Management Policy

The participant did

not believe that her

job previously as a

scavenger has any

positive effect on the

environment.

3

Kalikasan, Hindi. Kaya lang, yun talaga ang

trabaho. Nasa basura ang pera. Nakakasira nga

iyon eh. (chuckles) [lines 26-27]

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

No information

provided n/a n/a

Changes observed since first

arrived at the landfill site.

The participant

believed that the

protective gear she

provided for herself

was enough to

protect her.

3-4

• Nagbobota tapos naka-mask. [line 32]

• Oo. Okay naman ang bota. Basta makakapal

lang kasi nga maraming bubog. [line 39]

• Ay hindi. Kasi nga, papasok pa rin yun sa ano

mo baga mo. Marami nga diyan may hika.

[line 4]

Protection from Health hazards

in their occupation

The participant just

confirmed she is a

member but did not

specify what kind of

compensation she

received.

4 • (When asked if they were a member of MRF)

Oo [line 20] Other source of compensation

No information

provided n/a n/a

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Fourth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger in the dumpsite. 1

Ako po ay isang scavenger na nangangalahig

lang, araw-araw na ayun ang hanap-buhay

naming dito, manambakan dito sa basurahan ng

landfill (Lines 20-21)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant was aware

that this law is concerned

primarily on maintaining

the health of the

community but is not fully

aware of the specifics of

the law.

6

Kaya maganda rin yung kahit papaano sinasabi

niyang gobyerno na magkaroon ng ano kasi,

tama rin naman yung magkaroon ng tamang

tapunan ng mga basura, nasa tama talaga. Kasi

kahit papaano, doon, ma-ano mo talaga yung

basura kahit doon ka maghalungkat, malayo sa

ano ng mga… populasyon ng mga tao. Kaya mas

maganda na may basurahan talaga na tamang

lagayan. (Lines 10-16)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy and Awareness on

their role in helping the

environment.

The participant shared that

part of the Landfill’s strict

rules is prohibiting

bringing of sharp objects

like knives and following

moving garbage trucks.

8

Basta ang bawal lang diyan, bawal kang

manigarilyo, bawal kang magdala ng matatalim

na bagay, Kasi gaya ng kutsilyo, iwas disgrasya,

yun ang pinagbabawal diyan, yung susunod ka

sa bulldozer, yung susunod ka sa truck… (Lines

5-7)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant exclaimed

that ever since the Payatas

shut down, many of its

residents emigrated to

Brgy. San Isidro, causing a

sizing up of the population.

Although waste delivered

also increased, the

competition also increased

among scavengers as

population increased

7

• Unang dating ko, mas maganda noon kaysa

ngayon. Kasi noon, maraming hindi pinagbawal.

Yung talagang walang bawal-bawal ganito,

ganun. Ngayon mas iba ngayon kasi mas

dumami ang tao ngayon. (lines 21-23)

• Oo, dahil simula magsarado ang Payatas, halos

dito ang tambakan. Dito ang mga tao

nagpuntahan. Kaya yun yung imbis na

makakuha ka ng marami ngayon hindi na. Yung

parang sapat lang, yung para sa iyo. (lines 27-

29)

Changes observed since first

arrived at the landfill site.

The participant believed

that what she provides for

herself is not enough. Her

best protection is patience

and being extra careful in

her work

2

Yung ano, yung guwantes (gloves) pero minsan

hindi na kami gumagamit ng guwantes kasi

kapag may guwantes, ganoon din eh,

nasusugatan ka pa rin. Talagang kamay lang eh.

Tiyaga lang sa pangangalahig, may kalahig, kasi

kami may hinahawakan. (lines 20-22)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant shared that

she is a member of an

association that supports

them in the event that any

of the members had an

emergency, the association

will be able to help them

4

Oo, kapag halimbawa ano, napalsot ka, puwede

kang humingi ng tulong doon, pambili ng gamut,

pero yung sabihin mong halimbawa wala kang

kalahig diyan, di ka puwedeng humingi ng

pantulong. Kasi yung pera yun para sa mga

taong talaga yung mga naaksidente lang, ganyan

(lines 11-13)

Other source of

compensation

The participant shared that

her willingness to enter

really depends on the

income she’ll receive once

she’s part of the Formal

Sector. Although her

income as a scavenger may

be uncertain, she believes

that it’s still enough for her

and her family to survive.

7

Kung halimbawa maganda yung ano ng MRF,

bakit hindi? Para naman din sa ano, halimbawa

maganda din yung inaalok na posisyon na

magkaroon ng trabaho yung ano kaysa

manambakan, mga anak maalagaan ng

maayos… ( lines 1-3)

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth Interview: (Fifith Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is an

Informal Waste

Segregator

1 Ano, pipilian po yung kalakal tapos

ididispose sa baba. (Line 36) Current Job in the Landfill site

The participant was not

entirely familiar on the

nature of said policy.

6 Hindi po. (Line 36)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant believed

that his role has a

positive impact on the

environment although he

did not expound on it.

7 (When asked whether his job has a positive

impact on the environment) Oo. (line 21)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant shared

the regulations done by

the Private Sanitary

Landfill in order to

lessen cases of accidents

and/or deaths.

3

Hindi rin, mahigpit lang sila kapag ano,

itong taon, tuwing January tapos February,

ganyan kasi ano yan eh, palitan ng uniform.

Tapos I.D., Barangay I.D., doon lang sila

naghihigpit. Pero sa isang beses lang yun

(lines 27-29)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared

that the population and

the waste coming in the

landfill site had

increased. Although this

did not mean higher

income.

3 Bukod sa tao dumami din yung basura.

(line 3)

Changes observed since first

arrived at the landfill site.

The participant provided

these materials for

himself in order to

protect himself from the

dangers of his job.

4

Ganito, long-sleeve tapos (line 10)

Bota, Dobleng ano, para sa init, tapos

mask kasi ang kapal na rin ng

alikabok doon. Dahil sa dami ng truck

eh. (lines 14-15)

Protection from Health hazards

in their occupation

The participant shared

that almost all

scavengers are part of

various associations.

These associations

primarily help them

financially especially

when it comes to

injuries/accidents that

may need treatment

3

Kailangan niyo kasi, kapag ano…

kailangan mo talagang sumali sa asosasyon

para pag madisgrasya ka man o isa man sa

mga member mo may tutulong sa iyo. Kasi

ang binibigay nilang tulong diyan,

mismong galing din sa mga kagaya namin.

Yung sinasabi nilang butaw sa isang

linggo, isang beses lang yun o dalawa

(lines 41- 44)

Other source of compensation

The participant was

willing to join and

participate in any future

government projects

concerning waste

management, although

this willingness will

depend on whether the

income would be better

as compared to what he

usually gains from his

current work.

7 Tignan ko lang, kung depende sa kita (line

28)

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Sixth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

Scavenger. 1

Bale, nangangalahig kami kinukuha naming

yung maga plastic – plastic, sibak, lata, kung

ano man yung makukuha. (Lines 16-17)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant had no

idea about the policy. 8 Hindi ko pa naano. (line 7)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant shared

that the fact that they

exchange materials that

are still usable actually

helps the Sanitary

Landfill lessen the

volume of garbage.

9

Oo, nakakatulong din naman kami. Kasi

halimbawa, pag iyon hindi mo babawasan

yung tambakan na iyon, dadami lalo ang

basura. (Lines 22-23)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant shared

that one of the strict

policies implemented by

the Sanitary Landfill is

that scavengers are not

allowed to follow the

bulldozer. In addition the

night shift was eradicated

because cases of

accidents have happened

during this time before

2 and

4

Oo, may ginagawa rin silang ano, kaya

lang, hindi pupuwede doon sa amin na

hindi sumunod minsan sa bulldozer kasi

nandoon yung buhay naming eh (pg. 2;

Lines 18-19)

Katulad nga yung strikto sila sa pagpasok.

Wala kang… dati may pang gabi kami.

Inalis nga yun noong nagkaroon ng

disgrasya. Ngayon strikto din ngayon sa

pang-gabi. Bawal mangalahig at bawal

dumikit sa mga equipment. (pg. 4; Lines

10-12)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared

that the population

actually doubled when

the Payatas shutdown

occurred. It affected their

livelihood negatively as

incomes lessen because

of greater completion.

6

Marami. Kung tutuusin dumami nga ang

tapon ng truck, dumami rin ang tao. Kasi

yung mga taga-Payatas, pumupunta rito.

Hindi naman naming puwedeng pagbawalan

yan dahil hanap-buhay. Halos dati nasa

almost isang libo kami. Ngayon nadagdagan

pa, doble. (Lines 17-19)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

Besides the Uniform, the

participant shared that he

protects himself using

boots, usually those that

he finds in the landfill

site. He believes his gear

is not enough to fully

protect him.

11

kasi ang bota sa totoo lang ang mahal. Ang

ano niyan, kukuha lang kapag may nadampot

na bota palit na lang. (Lines 36 -37)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant shared

that the 7 associations

existing in the barangay

help in providing

monetary support.

Sometimes the private

Landfill site also provides

some only in cases where

their equipment caused

the accident.

5

Ngayon pito kaming asosasyon, kung

sinong nadisgrasya natututlungan din

naming. Pero, naanuhan din nila yung sa

loob. Minsan kapag hindi rin talagang

kailangan na ano tumutulong din sila. (

Lines5-7)

Other source of

compensation

The participant shared

that he feels it won’t

provide him enough

income for the family.

8

Hindi, kung okay naman na sasahuran yung

tao, sapat naman doon sa araw na, doon sa

kikitain namin, mas pipiliin ko pa yung dito.

(lines 28-29)

Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

Scavenger. 1

Nangangalakal, nangangalahig, kinakalahig

namin yung mga basura para makakuha kami

ng mga kalakal. (Lines 24-25)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant was not

familiar with this rule,

although regarding rules

on waste management,

she shares that their

association provides

some.

1

Wala akong narinig sa ganyang batas. Kasi,

ang sinusunod lang naming batas eh yung

batas ng bawat asosasyon sa amin. (Lines 19-

20)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant shared

that even though her work

may deal with recycling

and managing wastes, it

doesn’t erase the fact that

chemicals from plastics

are still produced and it

will certainly affect our

environment negatively.

8

Aaminin ko, hindi. Kasi yang trabaho namin

na yan sa pagrerecycle, sa totoo lang, kagaya

noong mga plastic na ganyan, may kemikal

yan eh. Di ba? May kemikal yan, kaya hindi

rin ako kasi, lalo na sa mga mahihina ang

baga ng bata, Di ba? Siyempre wala naman

kaming ibang pagkakakitaan kundi iyan kaya

tinitiis na lang naming. (Lines 8-11)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant stated that

besides renewing

uniforms and I.D’s, the

management of the

sanitary landfill also

prohibits following trucks

before it disposes waste

materials as it may cause

accidents.

3 and

6

Oo naman, kagaya nung sa uniporme, di

ka makapasok kapag wala kang uniporme,

walang I.D. Tapos taon-taon, nagrerenew

kami ng uniporme, nagrerenew kami ng

I.D. (pg. 3; Lines 12-13)

Tapos bawal kang pumila sa truck bago

yung… halimbawa, dudumping yung

truck pipilahan mo na, bawal yun (pg. 6;

Lines 32-33)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared

that although the

population increased, the

number of waste

delivered to the sanitary

landfill doesn’t feel like it

changed because waste is

delivered everyday

9

Oo, dumami talaga, kasi araw-araw namang

hindi nauubos yung basura eh. Kahit araw

gabi na nangongolekta yung mga truck para

magtapon ng basura hindi talaga nauubos yan

(Lines 1-2)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant stated that

she buys these protective

gear on her own.

3

Guwantes sa kamay. Kagaya noon, guwantes

sa kamay. Tapos Jacket. Yung sa uniporme na

nga namin. (Lines 22-23)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant exclaimed

that there are 7 groups in

total and she is a member

of this particular group..

4

Ano, kami, sa asosasyon na sinasalihan namin

kasi bale pitong grupo yan eh. Sa ano kaming

asosasyon ng ISLABA. (Lines 1-2)

Other source of

compensation

.The participant

exclaimed that she is

willing for a more

interventionist approach

from the state where each

actor could help each

other out.

9

Magtulugan na lang kami. Para naman kahit

papaano yung mga anak namin, nababantayan

naming.(Lines 25-26) Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth interview (Seventh participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a waste

segregator. 1 Nagpipili ng kalakal (Line 16)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant shared

that she has no idea about

laws in general.

4 Hindi naman ako masyado kasing nag-

aano sa ganyan eh. (Line 1)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant is not sure

about her role in helping

the environment

4 Hindi ko alam. (Line 35)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

n/a n/a

No information given Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant exclaimed

that both the people and

the trash increased since

she first came to the

barangay.

2 Yung tao dumami, ganoon din yung

basura siyempre. (Line 23)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant shared

that she uses gloves as a

protective gear. There are

times she doesn’t even

feel it necessary to be

used for her line of work.

2 Oo, guwantes. Minsan kapag walang

guwantes kamay na lang (Line 32) Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant shared

that she and her husband

are part of the association

Bagong Buhay that helps

them financially if ever

they get into an accident

or injury.

3

Ganoon nga ang sabi, kapag may

aksidente o kaya ano, puwedeng humingi

ng tulong sa samahan nila ganoon. (Lines

13-14) Other source of

compensation

The participant’s choice

to join if ever a program

do exist depended on the

income she’d receive.

5

Depende din naman po yun sa kikitain

eh. (Line 31) Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Eighth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger at the landfill

site

1 Scavenger, nangangalahig. (Line 16) Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant answered

that she is not familiar

with the policy.

4 Hindi. (Line 16)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant believed

that her role in the

environment is beneficial

although she did not

expound on her idea.

5

Oo. (Line 37)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant stated that

the management of the

landfill site has strict

rules and regulations

especially regarding

scavengers immediately

approaching a moving

truck. This act is strictly

prohibited as it has

caused accidents before.

3

Meron din. Katulad noong ano, bawal kang

lumapit sa truck, tapos pag insuro, bawal mong

lapitan. Mahigpit din kasi diyan sa landfill eh.

Marami ring bawal. Kasi iwas disgrasya na rin.

(Lines 25-26) Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

Thee participant shared

that although there were

more garbage delivered to

their dumpsite, it did not

guarantee that all of these

would contain valuable

things for their line of

living.

1

Dumami rin kaso wala ding mga laman.

Ganoon, walang makuha. (Line 37)

Opo, dumami. Sobrang dami na ngang tao

dito eh (Line 41)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant stated that

she primarily uses these

and most of the time they

are enough because she is

used with the

environment.

3 Ano lang, uniform ganyan. Pantalon. (Line 9) Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant shared

that she and her husband

are part of an association.

They contribute 10 pesos

every week to fund the

association. Although

they haven’t experienced

any accidents yet, they

were assured that the

association will help them

if it comes to that point.

2

Lalo na tuwing magbubutaw ka tuwing

Miyerkules, sampu ganyan. (Line 37)

Other source of

compensation

The participant shared

that she would take the

job if there is no work left

for her in the landfill.

7

Siguro, kung mawala talaga ito. (Line 22) Willingness to participate in

Solid Waste Management

Programs of Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Ninth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is currently

a housewife, an immediate

dependent of her husband

who works at the landfill

site.

1 Hindi po. Ano po, housewife (Line 32)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant was not

familiar of the Solid waste

management act.

4 Hindi. (Line 1)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant agreed that

their main income

generator, which is the

informal waste picking,

helps in clean the

environment through

recycling and waste

segregation. She also adds

that this is a key factor that

could help attract tourists

4

Sa tingin ko oo naman kasi nakukuha nila

lahat ng bagay na mga gamit na hindi na

puwede, hindi tulad ng iba na itatapon na lang

kung saan-saan. Sila, pupulutin nila para i-

recycle. Tingin ko naman nakakatulong din

naman sa bansa natin kasi nakakabawas dumi

din naman. Sakaling may dumating na turista

di ba? Para mauna naman tayo sa kalinisan.

Kasi alam kong nabibilang din tayo sa pinaka-

mababang ano di ba? (Lines 10-14)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant stated that

she knew of two strict

things implemented inside:

One is wearing a uniform

and identification card to

identify what association

and what your name is in

case you encountered an

accident inside the landfill

site and Two is that

smoking is greatly

prohibited because of the

gaseous material existing

that might cause an

explosion.

5

Meron naman, kasi ang pinapatupad talaga

diyan una sa lahat ‘No uniform, No Entry’. Kasi

once na wala kang uniform o wala kang I.D.,

paano kapag nadisgrasya ka? Hindi nila

makikilala kung sino ka. Saka kung anong

asosasyon ka. Yun ang pinakamahigpit nilang

pinagbabawal. At saka isa rin diyan sa

tamabakan kasi ano siya eh, kumabaga may gas

yun sa loob. Kaya bawal na ring manigarilyo

diyan sa tamabakan. Kasi once na may

puwedeng masunog, yung ano ng tambakan.

(Lines 14-18)

Regulation from the

Private Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared that

one particular change she

observed was several

people coming from

Payatas who used to depend

on the then closed landfill

site. She then shared how

this had affected the profit

they made before the

people started coming in

their barangay.

3

Hmm-hm (In agreement), marami. Ano, yung

mga taga-Payatas kasi, yung nagsara yung

tamabakan nila, kasi yung sa Metro Manila ito

yung pinaka-malaking tamabakan, kaya lahat

ng mga taga-Payatas, pumunta na rito. Dati

kasi kaunti lang yung nangangalahig kaya

malakas pa yung kita. Ngayon, Kaunti na lang

kasi ang daming nangangalahig. Taga-Payatas

na karamihan. (Lines39-42)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

She shared that her husband

usually just depends on

boots for protection and

some makeshift covers to

protect himself from the

dust. She also shared how

they could not afford to buy

brand new boots and only

replaces their used ones

5

Ano lang, bota, sapatos, sa paa lang.

(Line 22)

Minsan hindi. Wala naman kaming

pambili kasi nga ang mahal ng bota.

Ginagawa lang niya yung mga kuha-kuha

na bota. Yun, yun lang gamit niya, yun

lang proteksyon niya sa paa. Tapos sa

mukha, damit lang, sa alikabok. (Lines

26-28)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

Coding In-depth Interview (Tenth Participant)

when they find some at the

landfill site.

The participant shared that

her husband is covered by

the Association he

belonged to through a small

amount of money.

5

Ano benefits yan, kapag sakaling nagkakasakit

siya, puwede kaming humingi ng tulong.

Doon sa asosasyon nila. Pero hindi naman

ganoong kalaki parang sapat lang sa ano. Kasi

minsan nagkakasabay-sabay yung ano eh,

ganyang…. (Lines 1-4)

Other source of

compensation

The participant’s

willingness to participate is

driven by the profit they

might receive from this

possible project. 6

Depende kasi sa bigay ng sahod yun eh. Kasi

once na Malaki yung sahod na binigay niya,

puwede. Puwede siyang makisali sa

proyektong iyon. Kung hindi naman, mababa,

iisipin mo kasi ang kita mo sa isang araw

ganoon kalaki tapos may metal ka pang

naitatabi. (Lines 4-6)

Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger in the landfill

site

1 Ano namamasura lang din, nangunguha ng

mga kalakal. (Line 27)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant is not

familiar with the Solid

Waste Management Policy

3 Hindi pa, hindi ko pa naririnig yun (Line 26)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant shared his

experience in trash porting

in explaining the informal

waste sectors’ role in

helping the environment;

that trash porting

essentially helps in

lessening trash

accumulation alongside

roads

4

Oo naman. Nakakatulong din yan. (Line

1)

Dati din kasi nagpahinante din ako sa

truck eh. Kinukuha namin yung mga

basura sa daanan, sa gilid-gilid. Sa ibang

lugar. (Lines 5-6)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant explained

that the strictest regulation

for scavengers of the

landfill site is following the

bulldozer. Identification

cards and uniforms were

also required and were

renewed through their

respective associations.

2

Yung sumunod sa bulldozer yung ano,

tapos isang dipa bago ka pipila sa truck.

(Line 14)

Meron din saka I.D. (Line 18)

Sa ano namin, may presi-presidente kasi

diyan eh. Kapag oras ng palitan ng

uniform, yung presidente namin yung

kukuha ng uniform. Doon sa ano, sa

kasiglahan. Nagpapagawa

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

n/a

n/a

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant stated that

he mainly uses boots when

scavenging. He stated that

he only sourced this out

from the landfill site 3

Bota. (Line 12)

Hindi na, wala nang mask mask diyan eh.

Bota lang saka kalahig lang yung

gagamitin mo diyan. (Line 16)

Wala, sarili mo lang din yung ano..

minsan napupulot naming yung bota yun

na yung ginagamit naming. Kapag ayos

pa. (Lines 20-21)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The association the

participant belongs

provides help through

monetary form in case of

injuries.

3

Hindi kapag ano, kapag nadisgrasya ka,

puwede kang humingi doon ng tulong.

Kunyari napako ka, meron ka ring pambili ng

gamot. (Lines 3-4)

Other source of

compensation

The participant is willing to

join if ever the opportunity

comes 4

Siguro ganoon na nga rin. (Line 35) Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Eleventh Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger. 1 Pangalahig. (Line 30)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant is not

familiar with the policy at

all.

4 Hindi. (Line 19)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant shared

that his job helps in

lessening the volume of

waste produced every

day.

4

Nakakatulong din. (Line 27)

Nababawasan din. Katulad ganyan, kwan

ilang tonelada ang nakukuha araw-araw.

(Line 39)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

n/a

n/a Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared

that ever since people

from Payatas came to

their barangay to

scavenge, his profits

lessened.

2

Noon kumikita kami ng Malaki minsan

700 (pesos), minsan 800 (pesos), ngayon

wala na. Buti nga kumita ng 300 (pesos).

(Lines 35-36)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant stated that

he buys the boots he use

for his livelihood. 3

Ganoon kwan, bota lang saka… bota

lang. (Line 33)

Binibili namin. (Line 39)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant is a

member of an association

that covers a portion of

his financial needs if he

encounters an

injury/accident.

3

Kasali kami sa asosasyon. (Line 5)

Ano lang 300 (pesos). Kulang pa nga ako

pa nga naggastos sa mga gamot.(Line 29) Other source of

compensation

The participant is not

willing to join because he

believes there is still more

profit made in scavenging

materials than from a

regular job.

5

Mas maganda pa ring magtrabaho diyan sa

tambakan. Araw-araw kumikita ka (Line 15) Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Twelfth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger 1 Nangangalahig. (Line 22)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant has little

knowledge of the policy

except for the general fact

that his line of work is

associated with some

aspects of the policy.

3

Ah oo, ano kami doon sa pagsesegregate.

Pabor kami doon. Kaya lang, kung

isesegregate nila dapat itapon din nila dito.

Huwag nilang kukunin yung pinagkakakitaan

naming. (Lines 39-40)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant is leaning

more to saying that his

line of work is not helpful

to the environment

5

Oo nakakatulong din kami, pero hindi ko rin

masabi na nakakatulong kasi ano yan eh,

nakakasira ng kalikasan. (Lines 20-21)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant stated that

it is strictly required for

scavengers to wear a

uniform and I.D. in the

form of a Baranggay I.D.

2

Meron naman, ano lang sa uniform mga I.D.

ganyan. Hanggang doon lang, Baranggay I.D.

bago ka makapasok doon. (Lines 1-2) Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant stated that

nothing much changed

since his first stay

especially when it comes

to his income because it

income in their line of

work depends on many

factors.

1

Wala naman. Ganoon pa rin. (Line 34)

Pare-parehas naman, di naman kasi parehas

yung kita. Minsan may magandang kita,

minsan wala. (Lines 38-39)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant shared that

he got used to the

environment and all he

really needed as

protection were a pair of

boots that he usually gets

from the landfill site.

5

Ano lang, ingat lang. (Line 10)

Hindi kinukuha lang din naming sa

tambakan yung bota, yung mga napupulot,

kahit yung mga butas, basta puwede pang

gamitin. Sinusuot namin. (14-15)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant shared

that he is part of an

association called SIMCA

and that its meetings held

almost regularly are

mainly focused on

reminding members to

follow the rules inside the

landfill site.

2

SIMCA kami eh. SIMCA. (Line 14)

Oo, nagmemeeting din kami. (Line

23)

Yung mga pinagbabawal sa loob.

Yun ang ano, mga

pinagmemeetingan. (Line 27)

Other source of

compensation

The participant shared that

his willingness depends

on the treatment he’ll

receive inside. 4

Depende naman siguro sa, kunwari kung

maayos yung pamamalakad nila, sasama kami.

Papasok kami. Pero kung hindi maayos yung

pamamalakad, hindi kami sasama (Lines 31-

32)

Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Thirteenth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant trades

waste scavenged 1 Nangangalasi. (Line 24)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant is not

fully aware of what the

policy is.

5 Hindi po. (Line 39)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant believes

that she does have a role

in helping the

environment through

waste segregation

6

Opo. Kasi kumbaga po parang nalilinis din po

naming yung mga nabubulok sa hindi

nabubulok. (Line 14) Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant shared

that the strictest rule is to

not stay too close to the

bulldozer before

collecting waste

materials.

4

Ano umiwas po sa bulldozer, tapos huwag

pong pipila sa truck. (Line 19)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant shared

that she and her husband

have only been living

there for one year and it’s

not enough to indicate the

changes happening.

7 Mga isang taon pa lang kami rito. (Line

36)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant mainly

uses boots and a

makeshift clothing used

to cover her face from

dusts.

4 Ah, meron po. Bota, tapos mga damit, pang-

ano sa ulo. (Line 2)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant is part of

the ISLABA association.

She shared also that she

hasn’t receive any

compensation yet.

3

Meron po. (Line 13)

ISLABA (Line 17)

Wala pa po. (Line 25) Other source of

compensation

The participant is not

willing to join because

she was used to her line

of work.

6

Hindi po. Para na rin po kasing nasanay po

kami dito eh. (Line 38)

Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Fourteenth Participant)

Data Page Quote and line number Themes/Subthemes

The participant is a

scavenger. 1

Ano, nangangalahig lang po. Yung scavenger.

(Line 26)

Current Job in the Landfill

site

The participant is only

aware about the policy in

general and not the

specifics.

5 Naririnig ko, sa radio. Minsan nakikinig ako

(Line 12)

Level of Awareness on the

Solid Waste Management

Policy

The participant agrees

that they are helping the

environment through

their proper waste

management of

segregating materials.

5

Kasi halimbawa ganyan, parang hindi naman

pakalat-kalat yung ano namin eh, halimbawa

ganyan mga basura, sasako mo yan. O kaya

kapag may dumaang truck, ikakarga namin

pabalik doon sa kalahigan (Lines 38-40)

Awareness on their role in

helping the environment

The participant shared

that the private landfill

site is strict about certain

requirements like a

Baranggay Identification

Card and Association

Identification Card.

4

Oo. Kapag wala kang ano, walang kang

I.D., Baranggay… Baranggay I.D.,

Asosasyon I.D., wala kang uniform, di

ka makakapasok.(Lines 14-15)

Oo, kahit anong asosasyon dapat

kailangan kumpleto ka noon. (Line 27)

Regulation from the Private

Sanitary Landfill

The participant believes

nothing much changed

during her stay.

2 Mayroon naman po pero, sa tingin ko

parang ganoon pa rin eh. (Line 27)

Changes observed since

first arrived at the landfill

site.

The participant uses

boots and socks to protect

herself when scavenging.

2 Wala nagbobota lang, medyas ganoon. Minsan

guwantes. (Line 31)

Protection from Health

hazards in their occupation

The participant claimed

that she would receive a

small amount of money

to help those scavengers

who are in need.

3

Ano halimbawa kapag nagkasakit ka, yung

parang pinaka-pondo nila, nagpopondo sila

tuwing Miyerkules. Nagbubutaw, yung sabing

butaw. Yun ang pinaka-pondo yun. Kung may

emergency naman nakakakuha ka rin naman

pero hindi ganoon kalaki. (Lines 17-19)

Other source of

compensation

The participant is willing

to join If the job would

provide everyday

compensation. She was

hesitant if others in the

community would be

thrilled about this

‘opportunity’.

6

Kung sa akin okay yan. Sa akin okay yan kasi

maganda rin naman di ba? Kung talagang ma-

araw-araw yung trabaho, saka maganda ang

kita, bakit hindi ipagpapalit dito di ba? Kung

sa akin, ewan ko lang sa iba. Hindi naman

pare-parehas ang isip ng tao. (Lines 32-34)

Willingness to participate

in Solid Waste

Management Programs of

Government

Coding In-depth Interview (Fifteenth Participant)

PHOTOS

On the way to the Brgy. San

Isidro Landfill Site

A back dumping site of a household in

the community.

Young children of

scavenger participants.

The road on the way to a participant’s

home.

Collected waste materials for trade

A participant’s home and

trading area.

Ang Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito ay para kay __________________

Ang Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito ay para po sa mga miyembro ng Impormal na Sektor ng

Pagbabasura (Informal Waste Sector) ng Sitio San Isidro, Brgy. Lukutang Maliit, Rodriguez,

Rizal. Kayo po ay aming iniimbitahang lumahok sa aming pag-aaral na pinamagatang: “An

Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Brgy. San Isidro,

Rodriguez, Rizal” (Pagsusuri sa pagiimplementa ng MENRO ng Solid Waste Management sa

Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal)

Tagapagsiyasat: Gabrielle B. Allabo

Political Science Program, University of the Philippines – Manila

Pamagat ng Pagsusuri: An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste

Management in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

(Isang pagsusuri sa pag-iimplementa ng MENRO ng Solid Waste Management sa Brgy. San

Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal)

Unang Bahagi: Impormasyon tungkol sa Pagsusuri

Ako po ay si Gabrielle B. Allabo, isang mag-aaral ng University of the Philippines –

Manila. Kasalukuyang po akong nananaliksik tungkol sa pagbubukod ng Impormal na

Sektor ng Pagbabasura mula sa pagtupad ng polisiyang Solid Waste Management ng

Sitio San Isidro, Brgy. Lukutang Maliit, Rodriguez, Rizal. Aking pong ibinabahagi

Kasulatan ng Pahintulot na ito upang anyayahan po kayo na makilahok sa pagsusuri na

ito. Aking nais na ipaalala po na ang pagsali sa pag-aaral na ito ay boluntaryo at hindi po

sapilitan. Maari po kayong umalis at hindi na lumahok bago isagawa or habang

isinasagawa ang pag-aaral.

Itong Kasulatan ng Pahintulot ay naglalaman po ng mga salitang maaring hindi po

kayo pamilyar. Kung sakaling may mahanap po kayong ganito, maari niyo po akong

tanungin tungkol dito at aking ibabahagi po ang aking nalalaman. Kung mayroon man po

kayong mga katanungan, maari niyo pong kunin ang aking atensyon upang itanong ito.

University of the Philippines – Manila Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila

Layunin ng Pagsusuri

Isang malaking problema na ng Pilipinas ang Basura. Matagal nang hinaharap ito

ng bansa at nananatili pa ring dahilan ng ilang problemang pangkalikasan katulad ng

mabilisang pagbaha, stagnant na tubig, at iba pa. Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay may

layuning bigyang pansin kung papaano po hinaharap o binibigyang pananagutan ng

mamamayang Pilipino ang basurang kanilang itinatapon. Isasagawa ng pag-aaral ang

layunin pong ito sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri ng polisiyang siyang humharap ng

problemang ito sa basura: ang Solid Waste Management Policy.

Paraan ng Pagususri

Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay nangangailangan ng iyong pakikilahok sa isang

isahang panayam na siyang magtatagal po ng tatlumpung minute (30 mins.) o hanggang

isa at kalahating minuto (1 hr. and 30 mins.).

Pagpili ng Kalahok

Kayo po ay pinili ng mananaliksik dahil bilang miyembro ng Impormal na Sektor

ng Pagbabasura, kayo po ay mayroong personal na karanasan tungkol sa epekto ng

pagbubukod ng isang grupo mula sa pagtupad ng isang polisiya katulad ng Social Waste

Management Policy. Layunin po ng pag-aaral na ito na mabigyan ng boses ang inyong

mga karanasan tungkol po dito.

Boluntaryong Pakikilahok

Isang mahalagang paalala po na ang inyong paglahok sa pag-aaral na ito ay

boluntaryo lamang. Kayo po ang may desisyon kung kayo po ay sasali o hindi sa pag-

aaral na ito. Kung pinili niyo mang sumali, maari niyo pong hindi ipagpatuloy ang pag-

aaral. Ang pag-alis sa pag-aaral na ito ay hindi po makaaapekto sa anumang ebalwasyon

na may kinalaman po sa inyong trabaho. Anumang impormasyon na inyong maaring

ibahagi sa pag-aaral na ito ay hindi makalalabas at pananatilihing lihim. Hindi ito

makakalabas at mananatili sa pagitan ng nakapanayam, tagasaliksik, at guro ng

mananaliksik.

Pagsasagawa ng Pagsusuri

Muli, kayo po ay aming iniimbitahan na maging bahagi ng pag-aaral na ito. Kung

kayo man po ay pumayag, kayo ay makikilahok po sa isang panayam na aking isasagawa.

Ang panayam na ito ay isasagawa po sa isang lugar na kung saan kumportable ang

kapanayam: Ito man po ay sa inyong tahanan, sa lugar ng inyong pinagtatrabahuan, at iba

pa. Kung mayroon man pong katanungan na hindi niyo nais sagutin, ating aalisin po iyon

at magpapatuloy sa ibang katanungan. Wala pong iba kundi ang tagapanayam ang

nandoon upang makapanayam po kayo, ngunit kung nais niyo po ng kasama ay

papayagan din po ito. Ang impormasyon na makukuha mula sa panayam na ito po ay

mananatiling lihim at hindi po makalalabas sa pag-aaral na ito. Ang maaring makaalam

lang po ng mga ito ay si Gabrielle B. Allabo, ang tagapanayam/tagasaliksik. Ang

impormasyong ito ay buburahin po makalipas ang tatlo hanggang apat na linggo mula sa

ating panayam. Ang mga datos at paghingi ng pahintulot ninyo po ay sisirain po

pagkatapos ng pag-aaral na ito.

Tagal ng Pagsasaliksik

Ang pag-aaral po na ito ay magtatagal ng tatlong linggo. Sa loob po ng panahong

ito, ako po ay dadalaw depende sa araw na inyong pahihintulutang makapanayam.

Tatagal po ang panayam na ito ng tatlumpung minuto (30 mins.) o hanggang isa at

kalahating minuto (1 hr. and 30 mins.).

Mga Panganib

Ang panganib po na maaring makuha mula rito ay maari niyo pong maibahagi ng

aksidente ang ilang impormasyon na hindi niyo nais maibahagi. Isa rin pong panganib na

maaring hindi kayo maging kumportablem sa ilang paksa na mapag-uusapan natin. Hindi

po nais ng tagasaliksik na ito po ay mangyari. Muling ipinapaalala na maari niyo pong

sabihin kung hindi kayo kumportableng sagutin ang ilang katanungan, kung may gusto

po kayong alisin na impormasyon na sa tingin niyo po ay hindi niyo po dapat ibinahagi, o

kung may mga paksang masyadong personal at hindi na dapat po maisama sa ating

panayam. Lahat po ng ito ay isasaalang-alang ng tagapagsaliksik.

Mga Benepisyo

Isang benepisyo po ng pag-aaral na ito hindi lamang po para sa Impormal na

Sektor ng Pagbabasura kundi maging sa Pormal na Sektor ng Pagbabasura ay maaring

gamitin ng munisipalidad ang pag-aaral ppo na ito upang mas mapaunlad pa ang

pagpapatupad ng Solid Waste Management Policy na kung saan lahat po ng aktor na

siyang tumutulong sa pagsasakatuparan nito ay mabibigyan ng nararapat na benepisyo.

Reimbursements

Kayo po ay mabibigyan ng maliit na insentibo sa pamamagitan ng pagbabayad sa

pagkain at pamasaheng maaring makonsumo. Kayo din po ay bibigyan ng kopya ng

resulta ng pag-aaral na ito at isang sulat ng pasasalamat.

Pagiging Kumpidensyal

Ang paglahok po sa pag-aaral na ito ay maaring makakuha ng atensyon na hindi

niyo po inaasahan mula sa ibang miyembro ng komunidad. Aming ipinapaalala na

anumang impormasyon po na inyong ibahagi sa ating panayam ay hindi makalalabas

hangga’t bibigyan niyo po ako ng pahintulot na ilabas ang ilang impormasyon na ito.

Tanging ang tagapagsaliksik lamang po ang makaaalam kung saan itinatago ang mga

impormasyon na ito. Hindi ito ibabahagi kahit kaninuman liban po kay Prof. Doroteo

Abaya na siyang aking guro sa pananaliksik sa University of the Philippines – Manila.

Pagbabahagi ng Resulta

Wala po sa mga impormasyon na ibinagi niyo po sa akin ngayon ang

makalalabas hangga’t binigyan niyo po ng pahintulot na ilabas ito. Anumang kaalaman

na siyang makukuha po mula sa pagsusuring ito ay ibabahagi sa inyo po at sa iba pang

miyembro ng komunidad bago po ito isapubliko. Bawat taong makikilahok po ay

makatatanggap ng kopya ng buod ng resulta. Magkakaroon din po ng mga pagpupulong

sa komunidad na kung saan po maibibahagi ko po ang buod ng resulta. Pagkatapos ng

pagpupulong po na ito ay aming isasapubliko ang mga resulta nang sa gayon ay maari pa

pong magamit ng mga sumusunod na tagasaliksik.

Karapatang hindi pumayag o umalis sap ag-aaral

Maari po kayong hindi makilahok kung ito po ang nais niyo at hindi po

maapektuhan ang anumang ebalwasyon na may kinalaman sa inyo pong trabaho kung ito

po ang iyong pinili. Maari niyo pong hindi ipagpatuloy ang panayam sa kahit anong oras

kung sa tingin niyo po ay hindi po kayo kumportable. Bibigyan po naming kayo ng

oportunidad pagkatapos ng panayam para suriin ang inyo pong mga sinabi. Maari po

ninyong palitan o alisin ang ilang bahagi kung hindi na po kayo sumasangayon sa aking

tinalang impormasyon o kapag hindi ko po naintindihan ang inyo pong sinabi noong

panayam.

Mga Taong Dapat Tawagan

Kung kayo po ay may mga katanungan, maari niyo po itong tanungin ngayon o

kahit mamaya po. Kung kayo po ay may nais pang itanong tungkol sa pag-aaral, maari

niyo pong tawagan si:

Gabrielle B. Allabo: 09053796305

Pangalawang bahagi: Sertipiko ng Pahintulot

Akin pong nabasa o binasa sa akin ang impormasyon dito sa Kasulatan ng Pahintulot. Nagkaroon

po ako ng oportunidad na magtanong tungkol dito at ang aking mga katananungan ay nasagot po

ng tagapagsaliksik. Boluntaryo po akong nakilahok sa pag-aaral na ito.

Ngalan ng Kalahok: ___________________________________________

Lagda ng Kalahok: ____________________________________________

Petsa: _____________________________________

Araw/Buwan/Taon

Kung ang kalahok ay hindi marunong magbasa1

Akin pong nasaksihan ang pagbasa ng potensyal na kalahok at tamang pagpapaliwanag ng

Kasulatan ng Pahintulot sa kanya. Nakita ko pong nabigyan ng pagkakataon na magtanong ang

potensyal na kalahok. Aking pinapatunayan po na ang indibidwal ay nagbigay ng kanyang

pahintulot para makilahok sa pag-aaral na ito.

Ngalan ng Saksi: ____________________________ Tatak ng Daliri ng Kalahok

Lagda ng Saksi: _____________________________

Petsa: _____________________________________

Araw/Buwan/Taon

Pahayag ng Taong Nagsasagawa ng Pagkuha ng Pahintulot

Akin pong binasa ng tama ang kasulatan na ito sa potensyal na kalahok. Aking pinagtitibay po na

siya ay binigyan ko po ng pagkakataon na magtanong tungkol sa pagsusuri at lahat ng kanyang

tanong po ay aking nasagot sa abot ng aking makakaya. Aking pinagtibay po na ang kalahok ay

hindi pinilit na magbigay ng pahintulot at ang kayang pahintulot ay binigay ng malaya at

boluntaryo.

Ang kopya ng kasulatan ay binigay sa kalahok.

Ngalan ng tagapagsaliksik/taong kumuha ng pahintulot:

___________________________________

Lagda ng tagapagsaliksik/taong kumuha ng pahintulot:

____________________________________

Petsa: ______________________________________

Araw/Buwan/Taon

1 Isang nakababasang saksi ang dapat lumagda (kung maari, ang saksing ito ay dapat pinili ng kalahok at dapat ay walang kakilala o

koneksyon sa grupo ng mananaliksik). Ang mga kalahok na hindi marunong magbasa ay dapat maglaan ng tatak ng kanilang daliri.

Informed Consent Form for the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office of

Rodriguez

This informed consent form is for the officer/s of the Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office of Rodriguez, Rizal and who we are inviting to participate in this research

titled, “An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Brgy.

San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal.”

Name of Principle Investigator: Gabrielle B. Allabo

Political Science Program, University of the Philippines Manila

Name of Project: An Analysis of MENRO’s Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management

in Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

Part I: Information Sheet

I am Gabrielle B. Allabo, currently studying in the University of the Philippines –

Manila. I am doing a research on the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the Solid

Waste Management Policy – implementation in Sitio San Isidro, Barangay Lukutang Maliit,

Rodriguez, Rizal. I am going to give you information and invite you to become a participant of

this study. Please do note that you do not need to decide today whether you are willing to

participate or not in the research. If you do agree to participate, please do know that this is

voluntary and that you may withdraw from this study at any given point.

This consent form may contain words that you do not understand. Please ask me to stop

as we discuss the information and I will give time to explain these words. If you have questions,

you may raise them to me at any point.

Purpose of the Research

Waste has been a big problem faced by many Filipinos. The Philippines has been dealing with

this problem for many years and has been considered as one of the main culprits of various

environmental problems such as flash floods, stagnation of rivers, and the like. This study aims to

shed light on how Filipinos take accountability on the waste they produce by assessing the Solid

Waste Management Policy implementation in the level of the Local Government Unit.

Particularly, this study wants to focus the spotlight on the people that are not usually focused on

when talking about solid waste management: the Informal Waste Sector. These are the people

that directly work on landfills and on the streets to manage the very waste that many of us forget

the moment we dispose. To be more precise, this study has three main objectives: to assess the

factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector the formal

arrangements of waste management, focusing primarily on MENRO – Rodriguez’ policy-

implementation in Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal and the implications of such.

Type of Research Intervention

University of the Philippines – Manila Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila

This research will involve your participation in a one-on-one interview that will take about 30

minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes.

Participant Selection

You are being invited to participate in this research because the researcher feels that as a

member of the Formal Waste Sector, you have first-hand experience on the effects of such slow

integration in the Solid Waste Management Policy – implementation. The study aims that such

accounts would help shed light to the implications this slow integration has on the Informal

Waste Sector of this community.

Voluntary Participation

One important thing to keep in mind in this study is that participation is entirely

voluntary. It is under your decision whether or not you will join this study. If you do agree to

participate, please do know that you are free to change your mind and leave the study at any

given point. The choice you will make will have no bearing on any work-related evaluations or

reports. Information in this study will be kept strictly confidential unless the participants

explicitly share that they are willing to disclose certain information from the interview.

Procedure

I am asking you to help us learn more about the origins and implementation of the Solid

Waste Management of Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal, the level of awareness of the

people, the factors that contribute to the slow integration of the Informal Waste Sector into the

formal program of the local government unit and the implications of such, and the reactions you

have regarding the Solid Waste Management Policy. We are inviting you to take part in this

research project. If you accept, you will be asked to participate in an interview with myself.

The interview shall be conducted in any place the participant is comfortable with: their

own home, their place of work, etc. If you do not wish to answer any of the questions during the

interview, you may say so and the interviewer will move on to the next question. No one but the

interviewer will be present unless you would like someone else to be there. The information

recorded is confidential, and no one else except Gabrielle B. Allabo will access to the information

documented during your interview. The entire interview will be tape-recorded, but no one will be

identified by name on the tape. The tape will be kept and transcribed into qualitative data. The

information recorded is confidential, and no one else except Gabrielle B. Allabo will have access

to the tapes. The tapes will be destroyed after three to four weeks.

Duration

The research takes place over three weeks in total. During this time, I will visit one at a

time for an interview. The interview shall last for a minimum of 30 minutes or a maximum of 1

hour and 30 minutes.

Risks

There is a risk that you may share some personal or confidential information by chance,

or that you may feel uncomfortable talking about some of the topics. However, we do not wish

for this to happen. You do not have to answer any question or take part in the

discussion/interview/survey if you feel the question(s) are too personal or if talking about them

makes you uncomfortable.

Benefits

A direct benefit for the Formal and Informal Waste Sector is that this study could be used

as a resource in improving the implementation of Rodriguez, Rizal’s Solid Waste Management

Policy. This could lead in fostering inclusion within the community where each member could be

compensated through various means.

Reimbursements

You will not be provided any incentive to take part in the research. However, you will be

given a copy of the results of this study.

Confidentiality

The research being done may draw attention and if you participate, you may be asked

questions by other people in the community. We will not be sharing information about you to

anyone outside of the researcher. The information that we collect from this research project will

be kept private. Any information about you will have a number on it instead of Gabrielle B.

Allabo. Only the researchers will know what your number is and we will lock that information up

with a lock and key. It will not be shared with or given to anyone except Prof. Doroteo Abaya,

my research adviser at the University of the Philippines Manila.

Sharing the Results

Nothing that you tell me today will be shared with anybody outside the research team,

and nothing will be attributed to you by name. The knowledge that we get from this research will

be shared with you and your community before it is made widely available to the public. Each

participant will receive a summary of the results. There will also be small meetings in the

community and these will be announced. Following the meetings, we will publish the results so

that other interested people may learn from the research.

Right to Refuse or Withdraw

You do not have to take part in this research if you do not wish to do so, and choosing to

participate will not affect your job or job-related evaluations in any way. You may stop

participating in the interview at any time that you wish without your job being affected. I will

give you an opportunity at the end of the interview to review your remarks, and you can ask to

modify or remove portions of those, if you do not agree with my notes or if I did not understand

you correctly.

Who to Contact

If you have any questions, you can ask them now or later. If you wish to ask questions

later, you may contact any of the following: 09053796305/ allabogabrielle@gmail.com

Part II: Certificate of Consent

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask

questions about it and any questions I have been asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I

consent voluntarily to be a participant in this study.

Print Name of Participant: ____________________

Signature of Participant: ______________________

Date: ________________________

Day/Month/Year

If illiterate1

I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the

individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given

consent freely.

Print name of witness _________________________ Thumb print of participant

Signature of Witness __________________________

Date: _____________________________

Day/Month/Year

Statement by the researcher/ person taking consent

I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to the best of my

ability made sure that the participant understands the following will be done:

1. One-on-one interview

2. Recording of the entire interview

3. Use of the information gathered from the interview as raw data for the research

4. Follow the guidelines and conditions stated in this informed consent form

I confirm that the participant was given opportunity to ask questions about the study, and all the

questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best of my ability. I

confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving consent, and the consent has been

given freely and voluntarily

A copy of this ICF has been provided to the participant.

Printed Name of Researcher/person taking the consent

___________________________________

Signature of Researcher/person taking the consent ____________________________________

Date: _____________________________

Day/Month/Year

1 A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the research

team). Participants who are illiterate should include their thumb print as well.