College English Integrated Course 1

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 Unit 6

College English Integrated Course 1

Unit 6 Animal Intelligence

Text A What Animals Really Think


Contents

Post-reading 4

Before-reading 1

Global reading 2

While-reading 3

Warm-up

Text-related information

Text organization

Further understanding

Language focus

Difficult sentences

Reading & writing strategies

Time for fun


Warm-up

1. What does Dr. Grant believe in raptor intelligence ?

Q & A Video

2. It seems that Dr. Grant would not go back to Jurrasic Park any more. Can you guess why? Raptor was capable of sophisticated vocalizations and coordinating.

Maybe it is because of the incident.

play pause forward back start end



Chimpanzees Dolphins Crows – one of the cleverest birds



• The close relationship between human beings and chimpanzees.

• Being able to make and use tools.• Organizing hunting and Self-awareness

Chimpanzees



An adult chimpanzee’s intelligence is equivalent to the three-year-old child’s

ChimpanzeesBACKBACKBACKBACK



• The dolphin has a developed mind(The number of dolphin brain nerve cells is even more than ours. )

• They have their own languages

Dolphins

BACK



Crows are smart animals. They can use small branches, feathers and other debris as tools for foraging.

Crows



crows are born with the gift of manufacturing.

BACK


Part division

Part II

(Para. 3-6)

Part III

(Para. 7-10)

Part IV

(Para. 11-12)

Animals can sometimes be tricky.

Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.

Animal intelligence is meant to serve survival.

Text-organization

Part I

(Para.1- 2 )Some animals demonstrate intelligence when dealing with captivity and human beings.

Part V

(Para. 13)

Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.


Text-organization

Fill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in text A and figure out the author’s purposes.

1) Colo: .

Author’s purpose: .

Skimming and Scanning

Broke the key chain.

Animals know how to negotiate with people


Text-organization

Fill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in text A and figure out the author’s purposes.

2) Chantek: ;

.



Animals can even handle the money

b) found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies of metal chips

a) Expanded the money supply by breaking plastic chips in two


Text-organization

3) Orky: .



Allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby

Animals can assess the situation and make a right decision.


Text-organization

4) Melati: .

5) Towan: .



Hid an orange in her other hand.

Hid an orange underneath his foot.

Animal intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive.



For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice

1. The author writes this article in order to . A. find out how animals use their intelligenceB. find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC. find out if animals do what human beings tell them to doD. find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent

2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that . A. animals have their own thinkingB. animals do things scientists tell them to doC. animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD. animals think when scientists want them to

A

C



For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are .

A. less intelligent than expectedB. more intelligent than expectedC. as stupid as expectedD. as intelligent as expected

4. Colo’s example indicates that . A. some animals know quite well how to deceive the keepersB. some animals know quite well how to help the keepersC. some animals know quite well how to handle suspicious objectsD. some animals know quite well how to negotiate with the keepers

D

B



For Parts 1 & 2 Multiple Choice5. Mile’s experiment to teach Chantek to share things proves to be .

A. a great successB. a blunderC. a great failureD. an unwanted thing

C



For Parts 3 & 4 True or False1. Behaviorists say that animals cooperate with human

beings for their own benefit. ( )

2. Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she has ever seem. ( )

T

F

Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the

most intelligent animal she had ever worked with



For Parts 3 & 4 True or False3. Some animals’ intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive. ( )4. Orky allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby because he had been trained to do so. ( ) Orky let somebody stand on his head to reach up and release the baby, but he had not been trained to do so.5. Animals can learn from each other in playing some tricks. Towan is a good example. ( )

T

T

F


Language focusintelligence (L.1) n. 1) ability to learn and understand 智力、理解力、智能--- The children were given an intelligence test.--- 公司的主营业务是人工智能。 The company’s main business is engaged in artificial intelligence.2) news, information, esp. with reference to important events 情报--- A team of scouts was sent out to gather intelligence about the enemy.--- 他最终搞到了敌人的计划的秘密情报。 He managed to get the secret intelligence of the enemy’s plans.


Language focus

controversy (L. 2) n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval ( followed by over or about) 争议

This is a question that has given rise to much controversy.

--- 对于他的书的出版引起了激烈的争议。 There is a bitter / heated controversy over the

publishing of his books.Collocation:beyond/without controversy 没有争议


Language focus

encounter (L. 9) vt.

1) meet esp. unexpectedly 遇到、遇见、偶遇--- There is a fat chance to encounter him at campus.

--- 他在街上偶然遇见一位老友。He encountered an old friend in the street.

2) come up against 遭遇、面对---The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should

push forwards.

--- 面对困难时，要保持冷静。 Try to keep calm, when you encounter difficulties.


Language focus

convince (L.10) vt. Make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize 使确信、使信服

---We finally convinced the police of our innocence.--- 我深信他的诚实 I’m convinced of his honesty.Pattern:be convinced of be convinced that convince sb. of sth. convince oneself of

确信 , 认识到确信，承认使……承认 / 确信……充分弄明白 ( 清楚 )


Difficult sentences…the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing

with captivity and the dominant species on the planet---- humans. (L.11~12)

1) What do you learn from this sentence? Animals have the abilities to deal with human beings’

captivity though human beings are more intelligent than them.

2) Paraphrase this sentence Animals show great intelligence when they deal with

human beings’ captivity even though human beings control and dominate this planet.

3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种 ---- 人

类 ---- 时所表现的高超的思维技能。


Language focus

make a deal (L.13) reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成协议、取得一致

---I will make a deal with you--- you wash the car and I’ll let you use it tonight. --- 这家汽车公司已经和一家日本公司达成协议，有日方提供发动机来交换刹车。 The automobile company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes.


Difficult sentence

Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. (L.16~17) How to understand “only to”? It is often used to indicate that sb. does sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive “to” functions as a result adverbial.---He hurried to the railway station, only to find that the

train had left.---He had once tried inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response.Exercise: Structure 1 (P.181)


Language focus

negotiate (L.17) vi. discuss in order to com an agreement 谈判、协商

---The labor decided to negotiate with the employers about their wage claims.

--- 政府拒绝和恐怖分子谈判。 The government refused to negotiate with terrorists.Pattern:negotiate for sth. negotiate to do sth. negotiate with sb.

与……参讨

参讨……

参讨、商量……


Language focus

relieve (L.20) vt. Free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc. 减轻、缓解

---Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden.

--- 听说你以安全到达，我们就放心了。 We are relieved to hear that you have arrived safely.

Pattern:

relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的 ( 负担等 ); 减轻某人的( 痛苦等 )/ [ 俗 ] 偷去 ( 某物 )/ 解除某人 ( 职务 )


Difficult sentences

Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link,

perhaps figuring, why give her the whole thing if I can

get a bit of pineapple for each piece? (L21~23)

1) What conclusion can you draw about Colo?

Colo is a good bargainer, and this case shows that animals may really have intelligence.

2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

科洛真是个精明的还价者 , 他把钥匙链拉短 , 给了延得里一段 , 它或许在算计着 , 要是每一小段都能换片菠萝 , 我干吗要全给她 ?


Difficult sentences

Why-clause:

why + infinitive without “to” can be used to indicate that

an action is unnecessary or useless, and why +not+

infinitive without “to” to make suggestions, as the

following:

1. Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? (L21~23)

2. Why not (show skill) in handling money?

Exercise: Structure 2 (P182)


Language focus

figure out (L.27) understand, reason out 断定、认出来---I can’t figure her out, one minute happy, the next sad.

--- 我想不出那位戴墨镜的女士是谁？ I could not figure out who the lady with sunglass was.


Language focus

envy (L.35) vt. Wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has 羡慕、妒嫉---I don’t envy you for your journey in this bad weather.--- 他突然变成了百万富翁，许多人多羡慕他的好运。 He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.Pattern: envy of envy sb./sth. envy sb. sth. envy sb. for sth.

羡慕羡慕……

因某事 / 某物而羡慕某人羡慕某人的某事 / 某物


Language focus

in one’s interest(s) (L.41) for or to one’s advantage 对某人有利 / 利益

---The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the pubic interest.

--- 尽管这项工作很难，但你承担下来对你会有利的。 It would be in your interests to undertake this task

although it’s very difficult. Collocation:lose interest take （ an ） interest in with interest

失去兴趣对……感兴趣

有兴趣地 , 带利息 , 通过某种关系


Difficult sentence

This is true, but I don’t think it goes far enough. (L 42)

1) Paraphrase this sentence.

What behaviorists say is right, but I don’t think their explanation helps very much.


行为主义者的观点没有错 , 但我认为这一解释尚不充分 .


Language focus

judgment (L.46 ） n.

1) opinion about sth. 看法---The manager made an unfair judgment of his new

secretary’s work.

--- 在你看来是什么导致学生们考试不及格？ In your judgment, what has caused the students’ failure in

the examination?


Language focus

2) ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions 判断力

---He showed excellent judgment in choosing the wine.

--- 我很钦佩爸爸的判断力，每件事都听他的建议。 I respect my father’s judgment and always follow any

advice he gives me.


Language focus

at first （ L 48 ） at the beginning 起先---Jenny felt tired at first, but soon got used to the hard

training. --- 一开始天挺热，但后来变凉了。 At first it was very hot, but then it got cooler.


Language focus

CF: at first, first & firstly 这三个词（组）都表示“起先、开始”的意思。at first 用于提及有先后顺序的事物，或事件中的前者。例如： --- 起初，我拒绝了他的邀请；但是，两天后，我改变了主意。 I rejected his invitation at first, but I changed my mind two days later.First & firstly 用于陈述一系列的原因、观点等，或指在另一特指的时间以前。常于 second, secondly, third, thirdly 等连用。例如：

--- 我必须首先完成作业。 I must finish my homework first.


Language focus

at first, first & firstlyFill in the blanks with the above words or phrase and change the form where necessary.1) ( ) I’d like to tell you some background

information, then I’ll explain some difficult sentences in the text.

2) When people get their newspaper, which page do they read ( ) ？

3) You’ll find it difficult ( ) , but later it’ll get easier.

4) There are two reasons. ( ), there is no evidence that the original documents have been destroyed. Second, Jack saw them the day before yesterday.

First/Firstly

first at first

First


Language focus

go wrong (L.49~50 ） stop working properly; experience trouble 出错、发生故障

All their plans went wrong.

--- 因为我的电视再次出现故障，所以我没有看到世界杯开幕式的现场直播。

I didn’t watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again.


Language focus

size up (L.54 ） carefully examine (a situation or person) in

order to make a judgment 审问，打量---I don’t like the way the sales assistant in that shop sized

you up as you walk through the door.

---父亲审查我的男朋友的方式让我感到难堪。 I felt embarrassed by the way my father sized up my

boyfriend.


Language focus

release (L 57) vt. 1) free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back, let

go释放、放松---Death finally released him from cancer torture.--- 动物园的一些动物被从笼里放了出来。 Some animals in the zoo were released from their cages.2) allow ( news ) to be know or published; allow (a film) to

be exhibited or ( goods) to be placed on sale 发表、发行---His new novel about September 11 terrorist attack was

released last week.---昨天我买了一些迈克尔．杰克逊最新出的唱片。 I bought some recently released discs of Michael

Jackson yesterday.


Language focus

deceive （ L60 ） vt. try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗、蒙骗 You deceived me, and I can’t forgive you.--- 他们欺骗老人，让他在文件上签字。 They deceived the old man into signing the papers.Pattern:deceive sb. deceive sb. into (doing) sth. be deceived in sb.

欺骗某人

看错了某人 , 对某人感到失望

欺骗某人做某事


Language focus

look sb. in the eye (s) (L63) look directly and steadily at sb.

because you are not embarrassed or ashamed 看着某人的眼睛、直视某人的眼睛---I couldn’t look him in the eye afterwards, knowing that

I had lost all that money. --- 你能看着我说不是你打破玻璃吗？ Can you look me in the eye and say you didn’t break the

window?


Language focus

look after look at look back look down onlook forward to look into look to sb for sth. look through sb look up to

• 照看，照顾• 检查（尤指仔细查） • 回顾 • 蔑视，看不起• 盼望，期待；预期• 观察；调查；窥视• 依赖、指望• 故意视而不见 • 尊敬，敬仰

Collocation:


Difficult sentences

Instead of moving away to get it, Melati looked

Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. (L 63~64)

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

梅拉蒂没有移动身体去接 , 而是眼睛直视休曼 , 伸出手来。


Language focus

original (L.65) adj.

1) first or earliest 最初的 The land was returned to the original owner.

--- 最先的计划优于我们所执行的计划。 The original plan was better than the plan we followed.

2) newly formed or created; not copied or imitated 原创的-- His story isn’t original, but he got it out of a magazine

and made some superficial changes.

--- 他新买的衬衫是范哲思的原创。 His new bought shirt is an original design of Versace.


Language focus

survive (L.76) vt.

1) remain alive 活下来---A few were killed but most survived in the

earthquake.

--- 如果不是他的及时帮助我可能活不下来。 I would not survive if it were not for his timely help.

2)continue to live or exist after 幸免于--- She was the only one to survive the plane crash.

--- 她在车祸中幸存下来。 She survived the accident.


Language focusCF: survive, outlive & outlast 都含有“比别的人或别的物存在的时间长”的意思。survive 指“幸存”，也可以用于指比别一物活得更久。--- 他们中有 10 人在海难中幸存下来。 Ten of them survived the shipwreck.outlive 指“活得比…长久”，“比（某物）经久”。--- 小船熬过了暴风雨。 The ship outlived the storm.outlast 指“比……耐久”，“比……活得更久”。 outlast 经常可与

outlive 互相使用。强调更长时间的延续。--- 他会比我长寿。 He will outlast me.


Language focus

wipe out (L.77) get rid of or destroy 根除、消灭、抵消 ---The population of the island was almost wiped out by

the disease.

---银行同意将他们的债务一笔勾销。 The bank agreed to wipe out their debts.


Difficult sentences

If life is about survival of a species---- and intelligence is meant to serve that survival ---- then we can’t compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were long before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. (L74~77) 1) Paraphrase the sentence. If the purpose of life is to survive and intelligence is for survival, then our intelligence can’t be compared with that of the pea-brained sea turtles. They were on this earth long before we human beings and they even survived the disaster that destroyed the dinosaurs.


Difficult sentences

2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 如果生命就是将物种的生存—而智能是为了生存—

那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆小的海龟相提并论。海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在，并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来。


Difficult sentence

…even if their horizons are more limited than ours. （ L78 ）

1) What can you infer from the sentence?

Animals’ horizons are more limited and can’t be compared with human beings’


…… 即使它们的视野比我们还狭小。


Language focus

• serve one’s own purpose• animal intelligence• make a deal• a blank stare• a careful bargainer• figure out• virtuous habits• in one’s interest

Useful expressions

为了自己的利益动物智能达成交易白眼精明的还价者理解、悟出道德习惯为某人的利益


Language focus

• make judgments• at first• emergency care• go wrong• throw up• size up• keep steady• slide into

Useful expressions

做出判断起先紧急救护出故障、有毛病呕吐估量、判断保持平衡滑入


Language focus

• move off• hold one’s gaze steadily• give in

• wipe out

Useful expressions

离开凝视让步、屈服消灭、消除


Reading and writing strategies

Transition

1) Headings and subheadings

2) Anaphora (前指 /回指 )

3) Conjunctions



Useful expressions1) Headings and subheadings

For example, in this text we have three subheadings for three parts of the main body of the passage. They are: “Let’s Make a Deal”, “Tale of a Whale”, “Primate Shell Game”. The subheading directs readers’ attention to another demonstration of animal intelligence.



Useful expressionsFunctions of subheadings

1) suggest to the reader the contents of each section

2) enhance the formal appearance of an essay

3) eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections

BACK



Useful expressions2) Anaphora (回指 /前指 )

Anaphora is seen in the use of words to refer to something, somebody or some event previously mentioned.



Useful expressionsAnswer the following questions

a) What does “it” in the first line of Para. 4 refer to?

The key chain held by Colo.

b) What does “the problem” in the first line of Para. 10 refer to?

The keepers couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.

c) What does “this whole trick” in the first line of Para.12 refer to?

Melati deceived her keeper into giving her two oranges instead of one.BACK



Useful expressions3) Conjunctions

Conjunctions also pave the way for a smooth transition of ideas. Take the first sentence of Para. 6 for example: “ Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing.” The conjunction “also” connects this paragraph with the previous one. “Such as” introduces a new example to be mentioned in the sentences to follow.

BACK


Time for fun

Proverbs and QuotationA cat looks at a king.猫也有权晋见国王。A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone.骨头打狗狗不叫。A good horse often needs a good spur.好马常要好鞋刺。


Time for fun

A lazy sheep thinks its wool heavy.懒羊嫌毛重。Crows are never the whiter for washing themselves.江山易移，本性难改。A wise fox will not rob his neighbor’s hen roost.兔子不吃窝边草。


Thank You!

College English Integrated Course 1

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