Collège de France. Chile France Paris University Pierre & Marie Curie Collège de France Sorbonne...
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![Page 1: Collège de France. Chile France Paris University Pierre & Marie Curie Collège de France Sorbonne Quartier Latin Notre Dame de Paris.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062318/55154235550346c77d8b5fdb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Collège de France
Collège de France
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Chile
France
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Paris
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Paris
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UniversityPierre & Marie Curie
Collège de France
Sorbonne
‘Quartier Latin’Notre Dame de Paris
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Collège de France
University Pierre et Marie Curie
1530
1960
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Collège de France
1530
Maître de la librairie (National Library)
Guillaume BudéFrançis I
king of France
to develop the new spirit of ‘Renaissance humanism’
against the old Sorbonne fonded during the middle ages in 1257
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6 royal lecturers
greek (2) - hebrew (3) - mathematics (1)
(no latin ≠ Sorbonne)
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Social sciences = 26
history
archeology
philosophy
litterature
economy
Physical sciences = 21
biology = 10
mathematics = 3
physics = 4
earth sciences = 2
chemistry = 2
Year 2006 ≈ 50 professors
+1 european 1 international
every year
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Chemistry at the Collège de France
Louis-Jacques Thénard
1804-1845
Nicolas Vauquelin
1801-1804
Jean Darcet
1774-1801
never more than 2 chemists
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Chemistry at the Collège de France
1845-1850 Théophile Jules Pelouze
1851-1876 Antoine Jérôme Balard
1876-1897 Paul Schützenberger
1898-1907 Henri Le Chatellier
1908-1934 Camille Matignon
Inorganic chemistry
1865-1907 Marcelin Berthelot
1908-1916 Emile Clément Jungfleish
1917-1929 Charles Moureu
1930-1941 Marcel Délépine
1942-1955 Charles Dufraisse
1956-1980 Alain Horeau
1979 - Jean-Marie Lehn
Organic Chemistry
1996-1998 Jean Rouxel2001 - Jacques Livage
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- lectures : science as it goes (new topic every year)- advanced research
about 200 attendees from 20 to 80 years old‘open university ’
anyone can attend the lectures : no registration, no degree
Professors
docet omnia I teach everything
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Jacques Livage
Collège de France
Advanced Materials via Chimie Douce
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One of the main differences between men and animals
is that a man is able to make tools
homo habilis
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shaping silexto make a tool
polished stone
cutted stone
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Tools were made from natural materialswood, bones, stones, ….
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≈ - 400.000 years
The discovery of fire was a key point for the evolution of mankind
shapecomposition
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The history of man follows the development of materials
copper bronzestone iron
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Ellingham diagram
G = H - TSCO
2 Cu + O2 2 CuO
2 C + O2 2 CO
S < 0
S > 0
Cu FeT°C
G
2 Fe + O2 2 FeO
700300
CuO + C Cu + CO
CuO is reduced by Carbon above the crossing point
TFe > TCu
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Ellingham diagram and human civilization
Materials processing improves when higher temperatures are reached
copper
aluminium
G = H - TS
iron
bronze
CuO
FeO
Al2O3
CO
G°
Cu FeAl
Cu
Fe
Al
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copper bronzestone iron
25°C 600°C 1100°C T°C
Better materials require higher temperatures
Prometheus
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Prometheus
aluminium
aeronautic
silicon
electronic
copper bronzestone iron
25°C 600°C 1100°C T°C
Better materials require higher temperatures
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Materials chemistry = high temperature chemistry
Solid-state chemistry = shake and bake chemistry
melting pot furnace
T > 1000°C
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Formation of biomaterials by
organisms living in the sea
from solute species in aqueous solutions
Life appeared in the sea
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Sea plankton
Nanostructured materialshave been made by micro-organisms
since the Cambrian era
≈ 600 millions years
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coccolithes
Calcium Carbonate
CaCO3
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Silica - SiO2
radiolaria diatoms
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Amphilouche elongata
Strontium SulfateSrSO4
Acantharias
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bones
teeth
shells
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Enst Haeckel
(1834 - 1919)
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Atlas des radiolaires (1862)
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Atlas des radiolaires (1862)
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Bio-inspired silica
biogenic silica
the sol-gel process : chemistry and
applications
hybrid organic-inorganic materials
bio-encapsulation
radiolaria
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Unusual forms of vanadium oxides
from molecular clusters to layered structures
vanadium oxide gels and sols
vanadium oxide nanotubes and foams