Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and...

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Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 30 March 2011 Dr Andrew Plume Associate Director – Scientometrics & Market Analysis. Elsevier Daniel Calto Director of Business Development, Elsevier

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Page 1: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research

Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions

Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, MD

30 March 2011Dr Andrew Plume

Associate Director – Scientometrics & Market Analysis. ElsevierDaniel Calto

Director of Business Development, Elsevier

Page 2: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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$1,159B (USD PPP—2010

est.)

$409B (USD--1990)

Sources: Global R&D Magazine, Battelle (2010 estimates) http://www.rdmag.com/tags/publications/global-r-and-d-funding-forecast/ ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics (1990 actuals) www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/S&T/BulletinNo1EN.pdf

http://www.rdmag.com/tags/publications/global-r-and-d-funding-forecast/
http://www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/S&T/BulletinNo1EN.pdf
Page 3: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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$2.5B (USD PPP—1990)

$33.3B (USD PPP—2010

est.)

Page 4: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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$12.4B (USD PPP—1990)

$141.4B (USD PPP—2010

est.)

Page 5: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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$101.9B (USD PPP—

1990)

$268.5B (USD PPP—

2010)

Page 6: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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$152.0B (USD PPP—

1990)

$401.9B (USD PPP—

2010)

Page 7: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Average Annual Growth of R&D Expenditure for US, EU-27, Asia-8

7

Source: National Science Foundation

Page 8: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

R&D Expenditures for US, EU, and Asia 1996-2007

8Source: National Science Foundation

Page 9: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

High-technology manufacturing share of total manufacturing, by region/country: 1985–2005

Source: National Science Foundation

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Global competition has increased dramatically

Countries ranked by published output in 2007

Page 11: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

“Today the dominant position of the United States in the international

research and education community is being challenged as never before.”

-American Academy of Arts and Sciences

“Today the dominant position of the United States in the international

research and education community is being challenged as never before.”

-American Academy of Arts and Sciences

New global leaders are emerging

Countries ranked by output growth 1997-2007

Page 12: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,
Page 13: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Drivers of collaboration and competition

Collaboration Competition

FundingPersonal allegiances

Ideological, social and political forcesPublish or perish

Low-cost communication and travelPersonal gain

FundingPersonal antipathies

Ideological, social and political forcesPublish or perish

Drive for individual recognitionPersonal gain

Page 14: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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Sharing in science

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Levels of Scientific Collaboration at Major US Research Institutions

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 16: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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Levels of Scientific Collaboration at Goddard Space Flight Center

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 17: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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Having access to other researchers’ data

benefits/would benefit my own research

I am willing to allow other researchers to access my

raw research data

Significant difference between subset and total

Significant difference between 2005 and 2010 data

Author Reader dichotomy more want access than are willing to share

Total

Chemistry

Computer Science

Earth & Env Sciences

Engineering

Life Sciences

Materials Science

Maths

Medicine & Allied Health

Physics & Astronomy

SocSci + Arts Hum + Economics

Why scientists don’t share

Page 18: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

There is one character trait . . . which is an intrinsic part of a scientist’s culture, and which the public image doesn’t often include: his extreme egocentricity, expressed chiefly in his overmastering desire for recognition by his peers. No other recognition matters. And that recognition comes in only one way. It doesn’t really matter who you are or whom you know. You may not even know those other scientists personally, but they know you—through your publications.

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Scientists seek recognition for their work

Page 19: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Geneticists' Reasons for Withholding Post publication Information, Data, or Materials. Respondents who considered these motivating factors very important or important. 19

Why scientists don’t share

Page 20: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

•3,222 authors•208 institutes•37 countries

20

Big Science and hypercollaboration

80%

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International collaboration is rising globally

Page 22: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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International collaboration is rising globally

Page 23: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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International collaboration is rising globally

Page 24: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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International collaboration increases citation impact

Page 25: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Numbers denote number of articles (thousands) in each subject area in 2008

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International collaboration is field-dependent

Page 26: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

US

UK

Japan

Germany

France

Italy

Netherlands

Canada

Switzerland

Belgium

2000: International collaboration is centered on a few hubs

Data Source: Scopus

Page 27: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

US

UK

Japan

Germany

FranceItaly

Netherlands

Canada

Switzerland

Australia

Belgium

2008: International collaboration is centred on a few (more) hubs

Data Source: Scopus

Page 28: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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Collaboration may reflect geopolitical networks

Data Source: Scopus

Page 29: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Collaboration may reflect shared history and language

Data Source: Scopus

Page 30: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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Competition for research grants is increasing

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/oer.htm
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/oer.htm
http://www.nih.gov/
Page 31: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

What types of information tools can be used to increase collaboration and better understand patterns of both collaboration and competition?

31Data source: SciVal Experts – NASA pilot

Page 32: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Johnson Space Center NASA Pilot – Project Detail

32Data source: SciVal Experts – NASA pilot

Page 33: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Johnson Space Center NASA Pilot – Collaborator Network Detail

33Data source: SciVal Experts – NASA pilot

Page 34: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Johnson Space Center NASA Pilot – Research Profile Detail

34Data source: SciVal Experts – NASA pilot

Page 35: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Tracking interdisciplinary collaboration and national research capabilities

35Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US and China national map

Page 36: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

US National Map – Distinctive Competency # 548 -- Avian Wing Design in Aeronautic and Astronautic Engineering

36Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 37: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Distinctive Competency #548 – “Treemap” of components of interdisciplinary competency

37

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 38: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Tracking interdisciplinary collaboration and national research capabilities -- Top Institutions

38

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 39: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Tracking interdisciplinary collaboration and national research capabilities -- Top Authors

39

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 40: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Tracking interdisciplinary collaboration and national research capabilities -- Top Countries

40

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 41: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

Distinctive Competency #64 – Space Research and Geophysics – Top Institutions

41

Data Source: SciVal Spotlight 2009 US national map

Page 42: Collaboration, Competition and the Global Drivers of Research Collaborative Research: Trends and Future Directions Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt,

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