Collaboration Among Local Governments:

Service Delivery and Energy Policy

Richard C. FeiockAskew School of Public Administration and

PolicyFlorida State University

Three Projects That Overlap with the Collins Institute Study

• Survey of Local Government Service Delivery Arrangements in Florida

• Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations

• Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Study• FSU Institute for Energy Systems Sustainability

• Local Government Energy Innovation and Collaboration in Response to ARRA

• National Science Foundation

LCIR Survey of Local Government Service Arrangements in Florida

• Conducted by LCIR in Summer of 2009• Assisted by Collins Institute and FLC• Provision responsibility and Production

Arrangements for 25 services» Responses from 101 municipal governments» Responses from 20 Counties» Lots of incomplete responses

• Service Categories correspond to the AFR expenditure categories

What entity or entities produce each service? (check all that apply)

 This City

The County

Other City

Special District

RPC MPO StatePrivate

for Profit

Not for

ProfitN

Comp Planning86.0% (80)

15.1% (14)

1.1% (1)

3.2% (3)

5.4% (5)

3.2% (3)

2.2% (2)

6.5% (6)

0.0% (0)

93

Law Enforcement76.0% (73)

35.4% (34)

4.2% (4)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

2.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

96

Fire Control77.1% (74)

26.0% (25)

10.4% (10)

2.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

96

Protective Inspections

69.3% (61)

34.1% (30)

6.8% (6)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

2.3% (2)

2.3% (2)

0.0% (0)

88

Ambulance/Rescue34.0% (32)

62.8% (59)

6.4% (6)

2.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

9.6% (9)

1.1% (1)

94

Electric7.7% (7)

2.2% (2)2.2% (2)

0.0% (0)

1.1% (1)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

86.8% (79)

3.3% (3)

91

Gas18.4% (16)

2.3% (2)0.0% (0)

1.1% (1)

1.1% (1)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

75.9% (66)

2.3% (2)

87

Water72.0% (67)

16.1% (15)

11.8% (11)

4.3% (4)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

1.1% (1)

6.5% (6)

0.0% (0)

93

 This City

The County

Other City

Special District

RPC MPO StatePrivate

for Profit

Not for

ProfitN

Solid Waste52.2% (48)

6.5% (6)1.1% (1)

1.1% (1)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

1.1% (1)

48.9% (45)

1.1% (1)

92

Sewer80.5% (66)

13.4% (11)

7.3% (6)

3.7% (3)

1.2% (1)

0.0% (0)

1.2% (1)

3.7% (3)

1.2% (1)

82

Water/Sewer Combination

80.9% (55)

10.3% (7)

7.4% (5)

0.0% (0)

1.5% (1)

0.0% (0)

1.5% (1)

4.4% (3)

0.0% (0)

68

Flood Control77.0% (57)

17.6% (13)

1.4% (1)

12.2% (9)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

8.1% (6)

1.4% (1)

0.0% (0)

74

Road/Street Facilities

91.5% (86)

25.5% (24)

1.1% (1)

0.0% (0)

1.1% (1)

3.2% (3)

13.8% (13)

2.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

94

Airports12.8% (10)

56.4% (44)

16.7% (13)

5.1% (4)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

1.3% (1)

11.5% (9)

0.0% (0)

78

Transit Systems8.5% (6)

77.5% (55)

2.8% (2)

8.5% (6)

0.0% (0)

1.4% (1)

2.8% (2)

9.9% (7)

4.2% (3)

71

Parking/Other Transport

52.7% (29)

45.5% (25)

1.8% (1)

3.6% (2)

1.8% (1)

1.8% (1)

0.0% (0)

3.6% (2)

5.5% (3)

55

Employment Opportunity/Dev.

49.3% (34)

50.7% (35)

1.4% (1)

2.9% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

13.0% (9)

2.9% (2)

10.1% (7)

69

 This City

The County

Other City

Special District

RPC MPO StatePrivate

for Profit

Not for

ProfitN

Downtown/Indust. Dev./Improv.

79.7% (51)

25.0% (16)

1.6% (1)

3.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

3.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

6.3% (4)

64

Housing/Urban Development

40.0% (26)

58.5% (38)

1.5% (1)

3.1% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

9.2% (6)

3.1% (2)

6.2% (4)

65

Health8.2% (6)

72.6% (53)

2.7% (2)

2.7% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

15.1% (11)

15.1% (11)

12.3% (9)

73

Mental Health1.5% (1)

64.7% (44)

1.5% (1)

4.4% (3)

0.0% (0)

1.5% (1)

20.6% (14)

16.2% (11)

17.6% (12)

68

Welfare4.2% (3)

57.7% (41)

2.8% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

36.6% (26)

5.6% (4)

11.3% (8)

71

Libraries35.2% (31)

65.9% (58)

4.5% (4)

2.3% (2)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

3.4% (3)

88

Parks/Recreation95.5% (85)

21.3% (19)

2.2% (2)

3.4% (3)

0.0% (0)

0.0% (0)

3.4% (3)

1.1% (1)

2.2% (2)

Energy Sustainable Florida Communities - IESES

• Measure Local Sustainability• Dimensions of sustainability• Incorporate energy sustainability • Construct an index of sustainability

• Implementation of Florida Energy Act of 2007 • Voluntary responses• Mandates

• Policy Innovation in Sustainable Energy

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MEASURING ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY A index of energy sustainability that measures local government

activity in the following dimensions:• Energy & Climate Policy• Comprehensive Plans & State and Federal Policy• Zoning Regulations Subdivision Regulations and Permitting • Land Use and Open Space• Housing and Green Building• Transportation• Economic Development• Energy Cost Reduction by Government• Organization and Intergovernmental Relations • Investing in Energy & Climate Change Competencies

RESEARCH QUESTIONSEnergy Implementation by Local Government What explains variation among local governments’

implementation of the Florida Energy Bill? What role do local governments play in fostering energy

efficiency, conservation and renewable energy?

Adoption and Diffusion of Energy Policy InnovationHow do community economic and environmental conditions

influence innovation?To what extent do local governments collaborate on energy and

climate protection?How do neighboring government Initiatives influence innovation?

RESEARCH APPROACHMulti-Level AnalysisEnergy Sustainable Florida Communities Survey

A survey of local government planners and chief executive officers in Florida counties and in all cities with population >5,000

PROGRESS TO DATELiterature Review EssaySurvey Instrument Pretesting and Review for Validity & ReliabilityFocus Group of Local planners External Reviews by Academics and Professionals Conference PresentationsNSF Proposals for National Level Project

funded: Role of local governments in energy tech transferpending: Network Analysis of energy policy diffusion

LOCAL GOVENMENTS & ENERGY SUSTAINABILTY

Energy Policy, Collaboration and Economic Development - NSF

• Can Local Governments Create Economic Development through Energy Innovation?

• How is ARRA Influencing Local Government Partnership, Collaboration and Innovation in Energy and Conservation?

» Smart grids, renewable energy, energy conservation. etc.

• What is the Role of Local Governments in the “New Energy Economy”?

National Study Focus

• Participation in ARRA Energy Programs• Energy and Climate Policy Innovations • Links between Energy and Climate Policy and

Local Economic Development• Technology Transfer• Intergovernmental and Inter-organizational

Collaborations

Stage 1: National Survey• 128 Metropolitan Areas w/pop <350,000• All counties and cities w/pop <25,000 (950)• Baseline Data

• Local capacity• Degree of inter-organiziational information sharing• Existing and new partnerships and collaborations

• Adoption of Innovation

Stage 2: Map and Analyze Collaboration Networks in Energy Policy

• Three Metropolitan Areas• Jacksonville • Miami• Tampa

• Network Linkages• Communication (advise and information)• Affiliations• Agreements

• What network structure is most useful for solving various types of problems

• Information Issues• Commitment Issues

Descriptive Analysis

Links To Collins Institute Work

• LCIR Survey - follow-ups• Targeted follow-ups with a shortened survey• Link provision and production arrangements to the expenditure

data • IESES Sustainable Florida

• Link sustainability and fiscal capacity• Link energy/climate policy to environmental, growth management

and economic development policies• NSF Survey Pre-Test

• Florida local governments not in the national sample will be used to pretest the instrument

• Create a FL data base• Link to economic development

» “green” incentives on growth of clean energy sector

Future Work

• Links between Energy Innovation, Networks and Economic Development

• Development & Environmental Tradeoffs • w/Portney

• Network Multiplexity• Energy• Land Use • Economic Development