Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente...
-
Upload
stella-barrett -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente...
![Page 1: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cold War Strategies
Avoiding Nuclear War
1. Intervention• Containment by military means
2. Détente• Containment by engagement
and management of Soviet behavior
![Page 2: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. Intervention1. Intervention
The Dilemma
How do you contain communist military aggression without
risking a nuclear war?
![Page 3: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Korean War 1950-53Korean War 1950-53
• Limited WarLimited War– GoalsGoals
– WeaponsWeapons
– GeographyGeography
– Talk and FightTalk and Fight
![Page 4: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Viet Nam (after 1954)Viet Nam (after 1954)
![Page 5: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Strategic LogicStrategic Logic
Domino TheoryDomino Theory
![Page 6: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
N. Vietnamese Strategy
• Classic Guerrilla Warfare– Mao Zedong– “a guerrilla wins by not losing”
• Insurgency
• Backed by USSR– “Wars of National Liberation”
![Page 7: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail
![Page 8: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Containment and Domestic Containment and Domestic PoliticsPolitics
JFKJFK LBJLBJ
![Page 9: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Dilemma of Viet NamThe Dilemma of Viet Nam
• Can’t lose South Viet NamCan’t lose South Viet Nam
• Can’t do what we need to winCan’t do what we need to win– KoreaKorea– WW III?WW III?
• SolutionSolution– Limited WarLimited War– Coercive Diplomacy (Bombing)Coercive Diplomacy (Bombing)
![Page 10: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
From LBJ to NixonFrom LBJ to Nixon
LBJ says LBJ says Goodbye Nixon’s WarNixon’s War
![Page 11: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Shadow of Viet NamShadow of Viet Nam• Limits of US Power and ForceLimits of US Power and Force
• Wisdom of InterventionWisdom of Intervention
• Difficulties of Nation BuildingDifficulties of Nation Building
• NationalismNationalism
• Public OpinionPublic Opinion
![Page 12: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Congress challenges PresidentCongress challenges President
• War Powers Resolution 1973 (PL 93-War Powers Resolution 1973 (PL 93-148) 148) (from Federation of American Scientists , see Appendix (from Federation of American Scientists , see Appendix 3)3)
• Clark Amendment Clark Amendment
to Arms Export to Arms Export
Control Act 1976Control Act 1976
![Page 13: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
End of US Foreign Policy End of US Foreign Policy Consensus?Consensus?
Truman Doctrine: ConsensusTruman Doctrine: Consensus
LL R R
Post-Viet Nam: PolarizationPost-Viet Nam: Polarization
![Page 14: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Viet Nam SyndromeViet Nam Syndrome
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/432/iraq-and-vietnam-a-crucial-http://pewresearch.org/pubs/432/iraq-and-vietnam-a-crucial-difference-in-opiniondifference-in-opinion
![Page 15: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2. Détente
The Dilemma
How do you contain and compete with the USSR after Korea and Viet Nam
![Page 16: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
![Page 17: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nixon and His Key Foreign Nixon and His Key Foreign Policy AdviserPolicy Adviser
• Nixon and Henry KissingerNixon and Henry Kissinger
![Page 18: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nixon-Kissinger Decision MakingNixon-Kissinger Decision Making
RN-HAK ProcessRN-HAK Process
Nixon
Kissinger
NSC Staff
![Page 19: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Why Détente?Why Détente?
• Strategic parityStrategic parity
• Sino-Soviet SplitSino-Soviet Split
• Viet Nam SyndromeViet Nam Syndrome
![Page 20: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Strategic Parity
• Stockpiles
![Page 21: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sino-Soviet SplitSino-Soviet SplitUSSRUSSR
NikitaNikita LeonidLeonid
KhrushchevKhrushchev BrezhnevBrezhnev
1956-19641956-1964 1964-19821964-1982
PRC
Mao Zedong
1949-1976
![Page 22: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Viet Nam SyndromeViet Nam Syndrome
Nixon recognizes this:Nixon recognizes this:
• Nixon Doctrine Nixon Doctrine – Remarks July 25, 1969 (see Q and A)– Address to the nation, Nov. 3, 1969
![Page 23: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DetenteDetente
1.1. Still containmentStill containment
2.2. New Goal: Change USSR New Goal: Change USSR behaviorbehavior
3.3. Old-school Balance of PowerOld-school Balance of Power
![Page 24: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1.1. Arms Control PolicyArms Control Policy
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, May 1972Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, May 1972• Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms• Anti-Ballistic Missile TreatyAnti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
![Page 25: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2. Triangular Diplomacy2. Triangular Diplomacy
USUS
USSRUSSR PRCPRC
![Page 26: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kissinger to China, July 1971Kissinger to China, July 1971
![Page 27: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nixon-Mao Summit in China, Nixon-Mao Summit in China, February 1972February 1972
Shanghai CommuniqueShanghai Communique
![Page 28: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
China and TaiwanChina and Taiwan
![Page 29: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Detente SuccessesDetente Successes
• Management of arms raceManagement of arms race
• Management of US-Soviet global Management of US-Soviet global competitioncompetition
• Opening to ChinaOpening to China
• Nixon hailed as a foreign policy geniusNixon hailed as a foreign policy genius
• Kissinger wins Nobel Peace PrizeKissinger wins Nobel Peace Prize
![Page 30: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Détente Collapses:Ford and Carter
![Page 31: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Carter Human Rights FocusBut…But…
• IranIran
• South KoreaSouth Korea
• ChinaChina
![Page 32: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SALT IISALT II
![Page 33: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Carter AdvisorsCarter AdvisorsSec State Cyrus VanceSec State Cyrus Vance NS Adv. Zbigniew BrzezinskiNS Adv. Zbigniew Brzezinski
![Page 34: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Iranian RevolutionIranian Revolution
Shah of IranShah of Iran
Mohammed Reza PahleviMohammed Reza Pahlevi
Ayatollah Ruhollah Ayatollah Ruhollah KhomeiniKhomeini
![Page 35: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
November 4, 1979November 4, 1979
![Page 36: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
December 1979
![Page 37: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
““Arc of Crisis”Arc of Crisis”
![Page 38: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Détente EndsDétente Ends
• Carter Gets ToughCarter Gets Tough
• SALT II DiesSALT II Dies
• Defense BuildupDefense Buildup
• Carter DoctrineCarter Doctrine
• Rescue MissionRescue Mission– Vance resignsVance resigns
![Page 39: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Rescue Mission April 1980Rescue Mission April 1980
![Page 40: Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War 1.Intervention Containment by military means 2.Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649dcf5503460f94ac4897/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)