Economic Systems. 1.Centrally-Planned (Command) Economy 2.Free Market Economy 3.Mixed Economy 2.
Cold War and Life in Post WWII America notes - kyrene.org · Mixed Economy Is an economy that has a...
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Cold War and Life in Post WWII America notes
4 3 2 1
In addition to a 3, you were to make
personal and historical connections
while analyzing important events
and philosophies that lead to the
start of the Cold War
In addition to a 2, you were able to
explain important events and
philosophies that led to the start of
the Cold War.
You were able to identify key people
and terms relating to the start of the
Cold War.
You could only partially identify key
people and terms relating to the start
of the Cold War.
Learning Goal 17: Student will be able to explain how the Cold War started.- Western fear of Communist Expansion (Containment, Truman Doctrine, McCarthyism, Second Red Scare, HUAC, NATO)
- Eastern fear of Capitalism (Warsaw Pact, Iron Curtain)
- Rise of Nuclear Weapons (Arms Race, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis)
- Space Race
Scale:
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
What is an economy or economic system? How a society manages, uses and
controls the Factors of Production to satisfy for peoples’ wants and needs by
providing goods and services. Both Communism and Capitalism looked at how
best to use the factors of production
Land (Natural Resources…)
Labor( work that people do)
Capital ( money, items bought with money)
MarxEngel
Goods (physical items people can buy)and
Services ( jobs or task people pay other people to do for them)
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise,
market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)?
Communism/Command Economy:
1) This type of economy was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel.
2) The government or central authority decides how the factors of production, land, labor and capital (money) will be used. There is little individual choice in how to use the factors of production.
Example: The government will tell the people what and how much of something to make. They will tell how much it will cost, and even who can buy it.
3) Many command economies are found in countries that have dictatorships.
People who criticize the government and how they operate can be punished. Marx and Engel never spoke of having dictatorship as a part of communism.
MarxEngel
“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need”
“Workers of the World Unite”
What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)?
Communism/ Command Economy:
- All of the factors of production are owned collectively by the government.
- There is little or no private ownership of property.
- The government gives goods and services to people based on their needs.
- People are directed by the government into certain jobs and levels of education based on the needs of the economy.
- Tries to eliminate economic classes. ( Wealthy, Middle Class, Poor)
- Organized religion is outlawed or discouraged because it could be used to rally the people against the government. Marx and Engel didn’t like religion because they thought it was used by the wealthy business owners/ government as a way to make the oppressed workers accept their bad position in society.
“Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the
soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.”
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market
economy), socialism and communism (command economy)?
Socialism:
- Wealth should be distributed equally.
- Nationalization- government owns, or controls most of the important businesses (utilities, transportatation, energy, health care) and industries in the country. People can own private property and businesses
- The government provides public services to all those in need. Like welfare if you lose your job, health care, retirement payments.
- Taxes can be very high.
- According to Marx and Engel a society will go through a period of socialism before moving into communism.
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
Write this in the “other information” box on p. 6
What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)?
Market Economy- Free Enterprise, or Capitalism:
-In this type of economy private individuals decide how the factors of production
(land, labor, capital) are used, and how goods and services are produced and
distributed.
-There is little or no government control of the economy.
-It is based on competition for profits. The buyers (consumers) and sellers
(producers) in an economy make the economic decisions. Their decisions
determine how land, labor and capital are used in a country’s economy.
- Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, economist and writer first developed the
- idea of a modern market economy.
-Wealth of Nations- 1776, a book written by Adam Smith that outlined the basic economic principles of capitalism.
Smith
“Invisible Hand”
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
Mixed Economy
Is an economy that has a combination of socialism and capitalism.
The United States is a mixed economy.
Example- Social Security, Medicare, regulating industries/stock market, stopping monopolies, using tax money to help large businesses if they are going to fail.
Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”
Write this in the “other information” box on p. 7
Cold War
After WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. emerged as the two strongest countries (superpowers).
Because of economic and political differences the nations became rivals. The two never
directly fought each other, but they did come to the brink of war on many occasions. The
tension between the two countries would influence and dominate world events for the
next 50 years.
Berlin Blockade and AirliftAfter WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. began to distrust each other more than ever. At the Potsdam Conference, Stalin
had promised to allow free elections in the Eastern Europe counties the Soviets had liberated from the
Germans. He broke this promise and set up communist/ pro- Soviet governments in those countries. Stalin
did this because he was upset at the U.S. because we wanted to reunify Germany. Was also upset that the United
states and Great Britain wanted to create a new currency for both Esat and West Germany. Stalin felt this would
hurt the economy of East Germany. To show his unhappiness about this, Stalin blockaded West Berlin. In response
the U.S. launched a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin. Winston Churchill added to people’s mistrust of
communism when he stated that an “Iron Curtain” had fallen over Eastern Europe. America was afraid of
communism spreading around the world and eventually to the United States.
Berlin
West Berlin
East Berlin
East Germany
West Germany
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
NATO and Warsaw Pact
United States created NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), as a defensive alliance for Western Europe as the communists gained control of Eastern Europe. In response to NATO, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact alliance for the nations of Eastern Europe.
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
•Soviet Union •Albania (until 1968) •Bulgaria •Czechoslovakia •East Germany (until 1990) •Hungary •Poland •Romania
U.S., Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain,, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey. Original members 1949
East v West
West (U.S., Democracies) vs. East (U.S.S.R., Communism)
West East
Truman Doctrine This was President Harry Truman’s main strategy to fight the
Cold War. Through the Marshall Plan and other programs, the
U.S. gave money and military support to help rebuild Europe
after the war. To receive this aid countries had to pledge to
support democracy (couldn’t be Communist).
President Harry S. Truman
Containment
The U.S’s policy of stopping the spread of communism. The U.S felt
that if they could stop communism from spreading to other countries,
Then it could be “rolled back” and pro-western governments
(democracies) could be set up in those countries.
Communists
Socialists (Pinko)
Reds
Democratic
Democracy
Free World
Capitalism
Fear of Communism “ Second Red Scare”
Ever since the end of WWI Americans had a fear of communism spreading to the U.S. During the 1950s the country will go through another fear of communism spreading to the U.S. and around the world.
Communism
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
The HUAC’s role was to find communists in American society and government. Their actions sparked a panic in the country, and many people had their lives ruined simply by being accused or investigated for doing things that seemed un-American (communist).
Many people were investigated and some were put on trial to spying on the U.S. during the Cold War.
Communism
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg-executed for spying on the U.S.
McCarthyism
McCarthy used American’s fear of communism to gain political power.
He claimed to have the names of communists working within the
government. His claims were never proven. His accusations ruined the
lives of many people. The word “McCarthyism” refers to anyone
making reckless accusations against other people.
In 1954, McCarthy held televised public hearings to expose communists
in America. During the hearings he accused members of the U.S.
military of being communists. After these hearings, McCarthy lost
credibility with the American people.
Senator Joseph McCarthy
Arms and Space Race
Arms Race
Under President Eisenhower, the U.S. developed a policy of “Brinksmanship”,
which meant the U.S would go to the brink of war (nuclear war) with the
Soviet Union to stop the spread of communism. This started a nuclear arms
build up by both countries. Both countries developed a Hydrogen bomb by the
middle of the 1950’s. The idea of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) in
some ways actually kept the U.S. and U.S.S.R from attacking each other.
H-Bomb Test
Arms and Space Race
Space Race
The United States and the Soviet Union competed against each
other to be the first to go into space. In 1957, The Soviet Union
launched the first satellite, named “Sputnik”. At first the U.S.
was losing the “space race”, but eventually caught up and passed the
Russians by landing men on the Moon. This lead to many changes in
America, especially in the area of education. A greater emphasis was
placed on math and science after the launching of Sputnik.
Sputnik
Spying and the U2 Incident
Both countries spied on each other. May 1, 1960, a U-2 spy plane piloted
by Francis Gary Powers was shot down over Soviet Union. The
U.S. had always denied that it was spying on the Soviet Union, but now
the Soviets had proof that we were. Here in the U.S., Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg were tried, and executed for allegedly selling atomic bomb
secrets to the Soviets.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg-executed for spying on the U.S.
US Spy Plane. Gary Powers- U.S. pilot shot down over the USSR.
4 3 2 1
In addition to a 3 student was able
to explain and analyze how America
became involved in the Korean War.
Student was able to explain how
America became involved in the
Korean War.
Student was able to identify how
America became involved in the
Korean War.
Student was able to partially identify
how America became involved in the
Korean War.
Learning Goal 18: Students will be able to explain how America became involved in the Korean War.
- Containment (Truman Doctrine)
- Division of Korea after WWII (38th Parallel)
- UN Police action in Korea
- Chinese Involvement
Scale:
Events leading to the start of the Korean War- Causes
After WWII, Korea was divided into two countries at the 38th Parallel
line(38o N Latitude). North Korea became a communist country with
the support of China and the Soviet Union. South Korea had a non-
communist government and was supported by the United States. In June
1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. President Truman asked for
the United Nations to send a peace keeping force into Korea to stop the
fighting. The U.S. made up the biggest part of the U.N. forces. Official
the U.S. never declares war, but instead enters the conflict as a policing
force under the United Nation with the goal of stopping North Korea’s
aggression.
Korean War Memorial, Washington DC
Events leading to the start of the Korean War- Causes
China’s involvement in the war- Causes
The U.N. forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur
were able to push the North Koreans back across the 38th Parallel.
MacArthur continued to advanced deeper into North Korea. At this
point China became alarmed and warned that if U.N. forces continued to
move closer to their border they would enter the war on the side of
North Korea. The U.N. forces did not withdraw and China entered the
war. MacArthur wanted to attack China directly, but President Truman
wouldn’t allow him for fear that Korea would grow into a larger
conflict. Truman eventually replaces MacArthur.
Truman and MacArthur
Outcomes of the Korean War - Effects
A cease fire went into effect on July 27, 1953. President Eisenhower
brought the war to an end as he had promised in his election campaign.
The war ended in a stalemate. The border between North and South
Korea remained at the 38th Parallel (DMZ- Demilitarized Zone). Many
Americans felt frustrated by the indecisive war. Over 33,000 American
soldiers were killed in the war, with another 103,000 being wounded.
4 3 2 1
In addition to a 3 student is able
to explain and analyze the social,
economic, technological, medical
and political changes that
occurred in post WWII America.
Student is able to explain the
social, economic, technological,
medical and political changes that
occurred in post WWII America.
Student is able to identify the
social, economic, technological,
medical and political changes that
occurred in post WWII America.
Student is able to partially identify
the social, economic,
technological, medical and political
changes that occurred in post
WWII America.
Learning Goal 19: Student will be able to explain the social, economic, technological, medical and political changes that occurred in post WWII America.
- Transportation (Interstate highway system)
- Communication (Television)
- Technology (computers, space travel)
- Medical (cure for polio)
- Entertainment (Rock n Roll, television)
- Growth of suburbs/ population
- Conformity
- Fear of communism and nuclear war (Red Scare, fear of spying)
Scale:
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Baby Boom
After WWII, many people wanted to get back to their normal lives.
As a result many couples wanted to start families. There was a large
growth in the population from 1945-1960. This period of time became
know as a the “Baby Boom”. About 50 million babies are born during
this time.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Growth of Suburbs
The strong economy and the surge in birth rates (baby boom) led to
more people wanting a house of their own. This led to the building of
affordable homes in-between the country and city (suburbs). The
suburbs allowed many Americans to own a home for the first time.
For the first time since before the Civil War more people were moving
to the South and West (Sun Belt) rather than the East and North.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Conformity
The red scare and the fear of being labeled as different or un-
American put a great deal of pressure on people to “conform” with the
rest of society. It went beyond just dressing or having a similar look.
People became concerned that they held similar idea and values to
those around them. This way they would not stand out from the rest of
society.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Conformity
Some Americans were upset about the amount of conformity they
saw in society, and openly challenged the status quo. One such
group became known as “beatniks”. Novelist Jack Kerouac is one
of several people credited with starting the beatnik movement
during the 1950s.
Jack Kerouac
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Economic Changes
After WWII, industries switched from making military equipment
to consumer goods. The America economy expanded, and was
stronger than ever. The hard economic times of the Great Depression
(1929-1945) were finally over. The 1950s, in general, can be
characterized as a period of economic prosperity, the growth
of the middle-class, and consumerism (people buying goods and
services). More people could afford luxury goods, like cars
and appliances.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Role of Women
Women were encouraged or forced to give up their jobs to
returning servicemen after the war. They were encouraged to have a
more domestic lifestyle, or work at traditional female occupations.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
African Americans
African Americans had hoped that after the war discrimination and
segregation would end in the workforce and throughout American
society, but it did not. Only in the military did segregation end.
Africa-Americans continued to lag economically behind, and didn’t
fully enjoy the prosperity of the 1950s.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Poor in America
Even though the 1950s can be seen a prosperous
time in American history, there was still large amounts of poverty.
This was especially true in the cities. As wealthier and middle class
families moved to the suburbs, the poor were left to live in urban
(cities) areas. The poor couldn’t buy the consumer goods, buy a home
or take advantage of the economic prosperity created after WWII.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Entertainment
Rock n’ Roll and television were just starting to grow in
popularity. Both became major industries during the 50s.
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Medical and Technological Changes
Polio Vaccine- Polio had been a major disease inflicting tens of
thousands of people in America prior to WWII. Scientists and
doctors develop a vaccine to prevent people from getting polio.
Interstate Highway System- President Eisenhower directs the
Building of interstate highways connecting the entire country.
Computers- First mainframe computers are developed. The space
race with the Soviet Union advanced the use of computers.
Air Conditioning- allows people to move to the “Sun Belt” states in
the south and west.
Dr. Jonas Salk- Polio Vaccine
Life in America after WWII and during the 1950sText p. 859-863
Fear of Communism and Nuclear War
Despite all of the positive aspects of life in post-war America there
was still a great deal of fear and anxiety created because of the Cold
War with the Soviet Union. McCarthyism, the Red Scare, and the
Rosenberg spy case led many Americans to assume nuclear war was
coming and they must prepare for it.