Cold War
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Transcript of Cold War
COLD WAR
WWII During WWII – US and USSR joined forces
to fight against the Germans When the allied forces met each other at
the Elbe river – they embraced each other warmly
Yes, Soviet and American forces shaking hands and smiling….
So what happened to make these countries end up HATING each other?
What is the Cold War…write down all the terms associated with this
During WWII Yalta Meeting
Who are the three men?
What were they discussing?
WWII and Post WWII
Agree to divide GR into 3 zones GR would have to pay USSR reparations
Satellite nations under Stalin would have free
elections
Stalin agrees to help in war with Japan
Yalta
Creation of the United Nations What is the United Nations? What was in place before the UN? Did it work, why or why not? UNITED NATIONS HANDOUT
Superpower Define the term superpower. Why were the US and USSR considered
superpowers after WWII? Are they superpowers today? Why or why
not.
For each bullet, write down one or two major points for both
COMMUNISM CAPITALISM/DEMOCRACY Basic principles Political Social Cultural Economic
Basic Principles Political Social Cultural Economic
Differing ideologies of the USSR and the USA
Communism Basic Principles -Marxist-
Leninist ideas, dictatorship of the proletariat
Political - Internationalistic, one party rule, supreme leader
Social - Supported by workers and peasants
Cultural - Censorship, indoctrination, secret police
Economic - Collective ownership, centralized state planning
Capitalism/Democracy Basic Principles –
Democratic, individual rights Political – National elections
of leaders, multi party rule Social – Supported by
citizens Cultural – individualistic,
freedom of expression and from tyranny
Economic – Individual wealth, capitalistic economy with some restrictions, opportunity to become wealthy
What are the most important differences between the two nations?
Why do these ideologies matter? Did the two nations have a chance to get
along? Did it really matter about ideology or was
the intent of the post war world to dominate?
Define the Cold War. Define first, second and third world.
Goals of each countryUSSR USA
Encourage communism
Rebuild war ravaged economy using satellite nations
Control eastern Europe to
balance US influence Keep GR divided to
prevent war
Encourage democracy
Gain access to raw materials for industry
Rebuild Europe to create new markets
Reunite GR to stabilize it and increase security
Dividing the Globe First World – nations aligned
with the US Second World – nations
aligned with the USSR Third World – non aligned
What were the satellite nations?
Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia
Satellite Nations
Iron Curtain ..\activities\Iron Curtain speech\Iron Curta
in speech.docx
Satellite Nations and the Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain – what was it? Label on the map above.
Satellite nations were a wall of nations that was to shield USSR from invasion
Why would Stalin break his promise about free elections for the satellite nations?
-to keep control of the area
Division of Germany Draw a map of how GR was divided up
among the winners of the war below
Division of Germany How will this division create tensions? When does Germany become reunited? Who do you think would most likely
oppose reunification and why?
Truman Doctrine Activity ..\activities\truman
doctrine drawings\Truman Doctrine.docx
Major Events of the Cold War
1946 Containment Policy:
Proposal for dealing with the Soviet Union
The communist government will break down if we contain it
1947 Truman Doctrine:
States that the US will not let Greece and Turkey become communist and therefore will come to the aid of nations that need help to keep them from turning to communism
1948 Marshall Plan
Lend $12 Billion in aid to 16 European nationsUS afraid that many nations are so broke that the miserable masses might want to turn to communism
1948 Berlin Blockade:
Berlin divided among powersCity in Soviet territory Soviets irritated at the containment policies
A CITY DIVIDEDBlockaded Berlin in an attempt to force western nations out
Western nations, led by US sent a huge airlift to send food and supplies over the blockade and into the city
The powers decided to split Germany into east and west which increases tensions
1949NATO Permanent military alliances with free democratic European nations to protect members against communist invasions
1949China goes communistErupts into civil war with Mao Zedong leading communists against nationalists
1949Soviets explode their 1st atomic bomb launching arms race
Korea and Vietnam activity ..\activities\korea and vietnam
\Korea and Vietnam Review.docx
1950Korean war beginsSoviets in charge in North, US in South
North invaded the south
1950Causes Truman to agree about conspiracy that Soviets trying to take over and spread
Idea that can’t just contain them any more but roll them back
1950 Ordered troops to help
South Korea Any part of the world is a
potential battlefield
Korean War
Why was Korea divided at the 38th parallel? Split b/w US/USSR
What nation surrendered this territory?How was it divided? What happened in June of 1950?
N.K invaded S.KHow did the US and the UN react?
Followed policy of containment and sent an army to oppose
Why did China send 300,000 troops to aid N. Korea?
Chinese felt threatened when American troops were near border
Why did MacArthur disagree with Truman over military policy?
thought it would be reckless - start world war
What was the result?signed a cease fire agreement and divided Korea along 38th parallel
Why is this war considered a Cold War conflict?
Korea
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviets building nuclear missile bases in Cuba
JFK after discovery demanded Soviets remove missiles
blockaded Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis Fearful time –brink of
nuclear war? Troops in Florida ready to
attack
Cuban Missile Crisis A Narrow escape
Soviets remove missiles, US promises not to invade Cuba
1956-1973 “A defeat for freedom
anywhere is a defeat for freedom everywhere”
Vietnam Vietnam = French colony
never under one solidified government before
1954 groups of Vietnamese succeeded in overthrowing the French
Vietnam Us supports France through
funds because Ho Chi Minh claims to be a communist
US makes sure this is no election because Minh would have won, so we divided Vietnam in Two and supported the South
Vietnam Have poured a lot of money
into effort and send advisors to help police and military in S. Vietnam become more effective
By 1963 lost confidence in leader we were supporting in S. Viet and we support a military coup
Vietnam By 1965 – 15,000 advisors
involved Can’t withdraw now and
have to increase effort to win -begin with bombing,
therefore needed air force, bases, marines, military etc
Domino Theory “You have a row of dominoes
set up, and you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly” Pres Eisenhower explaining why the US needed to stop the Communists in Vietnam
Reasons for Vietnam 1965 – internal documents
listed the following 10% for freedom 20% to avoid Vietnam going
to the communists 70% to avoid humiliating US
defeat
Vietnam War
Why was America supplying financial aid, advisors, etc to Vietnam?
Was Vietnam once a French Colony? YesWho was Ho Chi Minh?
a freedom fighter who asked the Communists for help against French What was the Vietminh? Vietnam
Independence LeagueWhen the Japanese lost World War
Two, did Ho Chi Minh believe Vietnam would be free?
yes
When the French lose control in 1954, why did America get
involved?domino theory
How did Vietname get divided at the 17th parallel? Geneva peace
talk s divide Vietnam Who was the leader in the North and the South? Diem
What was the Vietcong? Communist guerillas who hated Diem and his policiesWhat was the Gulf of Tonkin resolution? after an incident where N.Vietnamese
ships attacked American ships - America escalates involvement in Vietnam
Vietnam
Space Race Race to the moon Sputnik – soviet satellite
launched into space before the US can – causes humiliation and wanting to invest in more technology
Cold War Photostory Chapter 17-5 and Chapter 19 3,4,5 Overview of Major events
17-5 Cold War Thaws In the postwar years, the Soviets kept a
firm grip on satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany
After the Death of Stalin, March of 1953, more moderate leaders came to power
During the 50’s and 60’s, Eastern European nations try to gain more autonomy and independence
List of leaders of the Soviet Union
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union
Nikita Khrushchev Denounces Stalin Enacts de stalinization program
October 1956 – Hungarian Protest
Imre Nagy forms a new government Response of Soviet Union -
Gorbachev Comes to power in 1982 He will fundamentally change the USSR
with Perestroika and Glasnost
Reforms in Poland, 1989 Gorbachev’s policies cue the satellite
nations that change can come Poland – Union of workers called
Solidarity call for reforms in Communist State
Enough pressure was put on government for change
1989 – first free elections democratically elects Lech Walesa as president
Communism is out
Hungary, 1989 Inspired by Poland, reforms are
encouraged Private enterprise, stock market, new
constitution Communist party dissolves itself under
pressure and national elections brings in a democratic govt
Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989
East Germany tried to resist change going on in Poland and Hungary
Hungary allowed East Germans to cross border into Austria and into West Germany
East Germany closes border completely Protests erupt Pressure allows Berlin Wall to fall Communist party dissolves
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev was in charge as Eastern European nations break away
Now those within the Soviet Union, like Lithuania, try to break away from Soviet Union
Horrifies many of the hardliner or hard core communists
Try to overthrow Gorbachev – August Coup
Boris Yeltsin First elected president of Russia After the failure of the August Coup,
Yeltsin dissolves the Communist party Gorbachev resigns
Break up of Yugoslavia After WWII, Yugoslavia became a
federation of six republics and each republic has a mixed population
Six major groups – Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Slovenes, Macedonians, Montenegrins
Tito held this communist country together from 1945-1980
Ethnic and religious differences pull this country apart – NATIONALISM STRIKES AGAIN