COLD WAR 1945-1991 ??? Satellite Countries Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Romania, Albania,...
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COLD WAR1945-1991 ???
Satellite CountriesLatvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria, and Hungary
Containmentrestrict Soviet expansion
Domino Effect
Greece Civil War
Turkey link to Mediterranean Sea
+ =
U.S. gives them $400 millionTo prevent Communism from taking over
1946
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•Truman Doctrine•Support any country that wants to resist Communism
•Czechoslovakia falls to Communism 1948
•Marshall Plan•George Marshall - Sec. Of State•Help economies and social aspects to prevent communism for taking over•Aid Western Europe with $12.5 billion
•NATO 1949•North Atlantic Treaty Organization•Alliance of non-Communist countries
•Warsaw Pact 1955•Alliance of Communist countries
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•Berlin Airlift- June 24, 1948
•Soviets blockade all roads, canals, railways linking Berlin to W. Germany
•Intent: drive U.S., Britain, & France out of Berlin
•10 months airlift May 1949 Soviets end the blockade
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China 1949
Chiang Kai-shekNationalism Party
Mao ZedongCommunist PartyPeople’s Republic of China
Chiang retreats to TaiwanRepublic of China
U.S. recognized Republic of China
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Korean War
Background-Japanese rule 1910-1945-U.S. & Soviets split Korea 38th parallel after WWII
Kim Il Sung - North Korea People’s Republic of Korea
Syngman Rhee - South Korea Republic of Korea
June 25, 1950North invades South
United Nations & US support South
North winning until….Surprise attack on Inchon by US
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STALEMATE
President Eisenhowervs.
General Mac Arthur
Korea remains split
Armistice, July 27, 1953
China enters the war
South retreats to 38th parallel
Push North back to Chinese border- Yalu River
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Home Front - Cold War
National Security Counciladvise to President CIA
gathers information overseas
Loyalty Review Board investigated all federal employees 1947
HUAC- House Committee on Un-American Activity
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Joe McCarthy WI Senator McCarthism Army hearings Demogogue Censure
Hollywood Ten
Alger Hiss
Julius & EthelRosenberg
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United Nations Plan for PalestineZionism 1948Israel created as a country
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BrinkmanshipJohn Foster DullesSec. Of State
Covert
Secret actions
Diplomacy
Open talks & aid
Guatemala 1954
Egypt 1955 Iran 1951
Eisenhower Doctrine 1957give military aidMiddle East
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Nikita KhrushchevModerate
Hungary revolts 1956
Thaw
U-2 Incident 1960 Gary Francis Powers
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Weapons
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Sputnik 1957
Explorer I
National Defense Education Act
Space Race
Moon Landing1969
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•New Frontier•Increase government involvement•Increase spending•Decrease inflation•Equal pay•Man on the Moon
Flexible Response
•Election 1960•JFK
•LBJ
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CUBAFidel Castro 1959 Communist 1960
Bay of Pigs 1961 rebel Cubans attack US help
•Khrushchev ultimatum June1961
•Recognize E. Germany•Remove troops from Berlin
Berlin Wall Aug. 1961
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Cuban Missile Crisis 1961
Oct. 14 - U-2 planes see 4 missile sites
Oct. 22 - US naval blockademissiles armed Soviet ships heading there
Oct. 24 - Soviet ships turn around
Oct. 28 - Agree to...
Cuba dismantles missiles
US agrees to never invade Cuba remove missiles from Turkey
Closest everTo NuclearWar!!!!
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Détente
1970s
SALT I
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Cambodia
Panama We give the canal back to them on Dec. 31, 1999
Nicaragua &
El SalvadorThey become Communist! Oh No!!!
Communist Cambodia takes U.S. ship Mayaguez. President Ford sends in the military. 41 die to save the crew of 40.
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Grenada
Grenada becomes CommunistPresident Reagan send in troops to take back the country & college that had American students
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Contras & SandinistasRebels who receive U.S. Communist governmentsupport, weapons, training
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Iran-Contra Affair
Ayatollah KhomeiniShah of Iran
The leader the U.S. covertly put in power in 1951.He was a cruel leader the people didn’t like.He has cancer & comes to the U.S. for treatment.
While the Shah is gone, he takes over Iran. He attacks the U.S. embassy.52 Americans held hostage for 444 daysPresident Carter negotiations. Hostages released the day President Reagan takesoffice.
Congress says NO to any aid to Iran or Contras.Military sells 500 antitank missiles to Iran. To hide the sale & money, the money is given to the Contras. Congress finds out! White House Aide & Security Adviser take the blame. Supposedly President Reagan had no idea.
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Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963-air and underwater-US, USSR, Britain Hot Line
Telephone between White HouseAnd Kremlin
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Saddam Hussein attacks Kuwait.U.S. sends troops in to protect Kuwait.Norman Schwarzkopf U.S. General in command.
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FALL OF COMMUNISM
Mikhail Gorbachev 1985new Soviet leaderglasnost & perestrokiaEconomic openness. The beginning of the end!
PolandWants is freedom from Communist.It works!! 1989
Tiananmen SquareCommunist China violently puts down a student rebellion.He is run over by the tanks on world TV
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1991 Dec. - Commonwealth of Independent StatesCIS
1989 Berlin Wall comes down
Boris Yeltsin, becomes the Russian President when Gorbachev steps down in 1991.