Cold War 1945-1960. Ending World War II Ending the War Objectives What was the Purpose of the Yalta...
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Transcript of Cold War 1945-1960. Ending World War II Ending the War Objectives What was the Purpose of the Yalta...
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Cold War
1945-1960
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Ending World War II
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Ending the WarObjectives
• What was the Purpose of the Yalta Agreement?
• What impact did America have on Post War Japan?
Terms
• NUREMBERG TRIALS
• Harry Truman
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????
• If they split Iowa in half. Which side would live in?
• Why?
• You can’t live in the circle
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YALTA AGREEMENTS
• Yalta Agreements– 1) They agreed to divide Germany into 4
occupied zones after the war– 2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern
Europe– 3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war
against Japan and to join the United Nations
• Big Three– USSR,UK, USA
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Creation of two Germanys
• Green- Pro USA
• Red- Pro USSR
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NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS
• “I was only following orders”
• 12 of the 24 were sentenced to death and the others to life in prison
• The Trial – Hitler’s death camps– 24 surviving Nazi
leaders on trial for crimes against humanity
– The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
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THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN
• During the seven- year occupation, – Reshaped Japan’s economy by
introducing free-market practices(like the USA)
– Introduced a liberal constitution(Voting, like the USA)
• Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of General MacArthur
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New Leadership
• Roosevelt’s Dies• Truman in
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Ending the WarObjectives
• What was the Purpose of the Yalta Agreement?– 1) Divide Germany into
4 occupied zones– 2) Free elections in
Eastern Europe– 3) Creation of the
United Nations• What impact did America
have on Post War Japan?– Installed Capitalism– Installed Democracy
Terms
• NUREMBERG TRIALS– Nazi leaders on trial for
crimes against humanity
• Harry Truman– President after FDR
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Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold WarObjectives
• What were the philosophical differences between the USSR and USA – Eastern Europe– German Economy– Ideal Government– Ideal Economy
Terms
• Cold War
• Harry Truman
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• Which best explains a Cold War?– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict– B. State of hostilities with leads to war– C. Countries stop trading with each other– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries
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• Which best explains a Cold War?– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict– B. State of hostilities with leads to war– C. Countries stop trading with each other– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries
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OriginsWhat is a cold war?
Definition: State of hostilities without direct military conflict
After WWII the USSR and USA became the two leading super powers in the world
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Philosophical Differences• Eastern Europe
– USA- Independence • Allow them to vote for leaders
– USSR- Soviet Controlled • Replace with pro soviet leader
– Create a Buffer Zone
• German Economy– USA- Help Germany
• Stronger Germany = Weaker USSR
– USSR- Hurt Germany• Weaker Germany =
Stronger USSR
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Philosophical Differences• Ideal Economy
– Capitalism- • Little Gov’t control
– Lassiz Faire• Freedom of choices by consumers
– Communist • Major Gov’t control
– Collectivism• Lack of choices
• Ideal Government– Democracy
• Multiple Parties- People pick leaders
– Totalitarian • One Party- Party picks
leaders
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Origins of the Cold WarObjectives
• What were the philosophical differences between the USSR and USA – Eastern Europe
• USA-Independent• USSR-Soviet Controlled
– German Economy• USA-Help• USSR-Hurt
– Ideal Government• USA-Democracy• USSR-Totalitarian
– Ideal Economy• USA-Capitalism• USSR-Communism
Terms
• Cold War– Indirect military contact
• Harry Truman– President after FDR
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Main Philosophical Differences
USA USSR
Eastern Europe Independent countries
Soviet control
German Economy Rebuild Keep it low and unstable
Ideal Economy Capitalism Communism
Government Democracy Totalitarian
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Cold War in Europe
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• If America was going to give money to help struggling counties, who should they give it too?
• A. Countries that are democratic• B. Countries that trade with us• C. Countries that speak our language • D. There should be not criteria- Help anyone
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Cold War in EuropeObjectives
• What major statement did the USA make with the Truman Doctrine?
• What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan and who did it mainly help?
Terms
Iron Curtain
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift
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Cold War- Eastern EuropeStalin established communist
dictatorships in Soviet occupied countriesPoland, Romania, Bulgaria,
Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia
They were puppets of the USSR
• British Prime Mister- Winston Churchill- “An Iron Curtain has descended across Eastern Europe”
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Cold War in Southeast EuropeGreek Civil War
Greek Communist vs. Greek Anti-Communist
Truman Doctrine"support free peoples against
outside pressures,”Gave 400 million in economic
and military aid
ImportanceUSA will support FREE PEOPLE
( Protect Democratic Countries) Against OUTSIDE PRESSURES
(USSR/Communism)
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Premier Nikita Khrushchev
USSR RESPONSE • “About the capitalist
states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.”
• “If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you.” -- 1956
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Cold War in GermanyBerlin Blockade
USSR Stopped Allies from supplying West Berlin
Berlin Airlift Allies sent Berlin supplies
by planeDaily for 10 months
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Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
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USA becomes proactiveWestern Europe
DevastationWWII left cities, towns,
and farms in ruinsUSE AMERICAN MONEY
TO STOP COMMUISM
Marshall Plan- Europe Recovery Program13 billion in Relief to western
EuropeStronger Western Europe =
Stop expansion of communism
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Marshall Plan
• Biggest Gainers• Britain• France• Italy• W.Germany• Netherlands
Marshall Plan Clip
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Example of Recovery
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Cold War in EuropeObjectives
• What major statement did the USA make with the Truman Doctrine? USA adopts a policy of
containment• Contain communism• Protect capitalism
• What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan and who did it mainly help?– It provided money and
resources to countries after WWII
– Mainly to Western Europe
Terms
• Iron Curtain– Fictional European
borderline– USSR controls East
Berlin Blockade USSR Stopped Allies
from supplying West Berlin
Berlin Airlift Allied response to
blockadeDeliver by Air
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Search for Allies
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Cold War in EuropeObjectives
• Which regions mainly allied with NATO?
• Which regions mainly allied within the Warsaw Pact?
Terms
NATO
Warsaw Pact
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• Name two movie characters that are best friends?
• Name two movie characters that are worst enemies?
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Cold War in Europe-Search for Allies
East/West relationships deteriorate Leads to suspicion Both sides seek military
alliances
AlliesNATO- North Atlantic
Treaty Organization-1951Pro-America
Warsaw Pact – 1955Pro-USSR
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain
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Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.
} Albania
} Bulgaria
} Czechoslovakia
} East Germany
} Hungary
} Poland
} Rumania
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Cold War in EuropeObjectives
• Which regions mainly allied with NATO?– USA– Western Europe– Western Hemisphere
• Which regions mainly allied within the Warsaw Pact?– USSR– Eastern Europe
Terms
NATONorth Atlantic Treaty
OrganizationPro-America Alliance
Warsaw Pact Pro-USSR Alliance