Cold Temperature Research Results for Adhesives
Transcript of Cold Temperature Research Results for Adhesives
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Cold Temperature Research Results for Adhesives
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Section 1: Understand the conditions of “cold” installation
Section 2: Understand what risks are associated
Section 3: Understand how JM conducted testing
Section 4: New installation recommendations from our learnings
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SECTION 1
Understand environmental conditions associated with a “cold” application
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WHY IS THIS A CONSIDERATION?
• A wider window of installation below 40 ºF provides longer roofing season
• Early spring
• Late fall
• Market information indicates 20% or greater of roofing systems are installed fully adhered – varies based on the membrane type
• Constrained labor market
• Competitive market pushes for added value in the offering
• Provides building owner confidence
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WHAT IS COLD?• Most roofing industry
recommendations identify the transition to cold temperatures below 40ºF
• Historical language communicated acceptable installation when roof top environment met 40ºF and rising
• Dedicated formulations are now in the market touting better mixing and application characteristics in “cold” conditions
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WHICH ADHESIVES ARE CONSIDERED?
• Non-exempt solvent systems
• Low VOC solvent systems
Water based systems• No reasonable change will keep water
from freezing• 40ºF and rising • Check the Roof TechXpert App
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SECTION 2
What risks are associated with applying solvent based adhesives below 40°F?
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WHAT MAY HAPPEN?
Flash times are extended
Condensation
Installed too quickly results in:• Blisters
• Decreased bonding strength
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WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS?
• Adhesive stored on the job site will drop in temperature
• Liquids increase in viscosity as temperature drops
• This impacts multiple areas
• Additional work is necessary to spread the product
• Will the adhesive pool, clump, flow?
• Results in higher probability of the risks identified on prior slide
• Substrates, membrane, application equipment will pull heat out of the adhesive
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SECTION 3
Understand how the adhesives were tested to quantify the critical performance
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HOW DID WE TEST?
• December 22, 2016 7:00 AM-11:00 AM, Littleton, CO.
• Parking lot with building covering N exposure (no direct sunlight). Temp: 23ºF and RH: 71%
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ROUND 1 FINDINGS?
• Varied degrees of blistering/delamination observed
• Varied levels of bond quality in the adhesives
• Better environmental controls are necessary for quantitative evaluation
• Adhesive temperatures in the buckets dropped
• Where is the temperature threshold that impacts performance?
• Will cold substrates influence bond quality?These samples were not rolled with a weighted roll – Did the build
quality influence our results?
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SAMPLE BUILDS WITH ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• Johns Manville’s technical center has a cold chamber!
• Conditioned all materials (ISO, membrane, …)
• Conditioned adhesive
• Built large scale samples for blister/delamination
• Built small scale peel samples for quantitative results
• Decreased the adhesive temperature under control
• Rolled all builds to mimic the field installation
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SAMPLE BUILDS WITH ENGINEERING CONTROLSThe temperature of the cold spray booth was set @ 25ºF. The average substrate and TPO temp ranges are from 23.4 to 27.7ºF.
• 2´x2´ ISO & TPO membrane • 2"x6" peel samples over OSB• Varied conditioning prior to testing• Solvent and Low VOC adhesives evaluated
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PEEL TESTINGTop view
Side view
Peel
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SOLVENT BASED
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
RT 35F 30F 25F 20F
SB Adhesive Peel Test Results
Adhesive 1 SB Adhesive 2 SB JM SB
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2"x6" SMALL SCALE SOLVENT SAMPLES Sample IDs SB-RT SB-20F
JM Adhesive
Adhesive 1
Adhesive 2
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2’x2’ SOLVENT SAMPLES INSTALLED 20ºFJM Adhesive Adhesive 1 Adhesive 2
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SOLVENT BASED ADHESIVE FINDINGS
• Peel strength decreases as adhesive temperature drops
• Blistering and delamination are not present in the 2’x2’
• JM and adhesive 1 achieve cohesive failure in small scale testing to temperatures as low as 20ºF
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LOW VOC SOLVENT ADHESIVE
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
RT 35F 30F 25F 20F
Low VOC Adhesive Peel Test Results
LVOC Adhesive 1 LVOC Adhesive 2 JM LVOC adhesive
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2"x6" SMALL SCALE LOW VOC SAMPLES Sample IDs Low VOC-RT Low VOC-20F
JM Adhesive
Adhesive 1
Adhesive 2
*
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PICTURES OF 2"x2" SAMPLES AT 25°FJM Low VOC Adhesive Low VOC Adhesive 1 Low VOC Adhesive 2
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LOW VOC BASED ADHESIVE FINDINGS• Peel strength is more stable than the solvent based formulations
• JM and adhesive 1 achieve cohesive failure in small scale testing to temperatures as low as 25ºF
• Blistering and delamination are not present in the 2’x2’
• Adhesive 1 and Adhesive 2 will not spread evenly at 25ºF
• Adhesive 1 gels at 20ºF and could not be tested for peel performance
JM’s Low VOC rules performance at 20ºF
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INSTALLATION GUIDELINES• The old recommendations of 40 ºF and rising is more restrictive than
current adhesive performance
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NEW EXPANDED TEMPERATURE WINDOWCold Weather ApplicationSolvent and Low VOC/Solvent-Based Adhesives Cautions below 40ºF
• In high relative humidity or when the dew point is within 10 degrees of ambient temperature.
• Opened adhesive being installed in cold weather applications that drops in temperature to the freezing point shall be restored to room temperature prior to continued use.
• Protect from freezing.
• Adhesive containers must be stored in a warming hut 60ºF – 80ºF (16ºC - 27ºC) when ambient temperatures are at or below 40ºF (4.4ºC).
• Adhesive temperature is at/below 32ºF (0ºC).
• JM Membrane Bonding Adhesive should NOT be applied• When ambient temperatures are 25ºF (-3.8ºC) or colder.
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NEXT EFFORTS
• Dial in the safety factor for environmental conditions• Update the Roof TechXpert App• Investigate the impact of humidity
• “Blushing phenomena”• Impact on bond strength• Flash time extended
• Monitor the feedback from the market
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS• JM’s solvent and Low VOC adhesives install and perform well when
temperatures are below 40ºF.
• Proper storage and preparation of adhesive, substrate and membrane are critical.
• Adhesive must be stored in a warming hut to ensure 60ºF or greater temperature.
• Adhesive should not be applied if the bucket temperature gets below freezing.
• Substrates and environmental conditions must be 25ºF and rising.
• Proper installation technics will prevent blistering.