Cold-Formed Steel in Construction

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    COLDCOLD--FORMED STEELFORMED STEEL

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    Steel The MaterialSteel The Material

    ~~ Is recyclable, using old cars, buildings,Is recyclable, using old cars, buildings,, , ., , .

    ~~ Steel is the worlds most versatile material toSteel is the worlds most versatile material torecyclerecycle

    ~~ Yearly, steelmakers recycle about million tonsYearly, steelmakers recycle about million tonsof steel worldof steel world--widewide

    ~~

    frame a basic residential dwellingframe a basic residential dwelling~~ Recognized Green Building MaterialRecognized Green Building Material

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    The EnvironmentThe Environment

    ~~~~ Less thanLess than 6% 6% of landfill is steelof landfill is steel - - such as staples, nailssuch as staples, nails

    ~~ Every ton of steel recycled conservesEvery ton of steel recycled conserves 2,500 2,500 pounds ofpounds of

    iron ore,iron ore, 1400 1400 pounds of coal andpounds of coal and 120 120 pounds ofpounds of

    limestone.limestone.~~ Debris from a typical woodDebris from a typical wood- -framed home accounts forframed home accounts for

    o an was e, compare o on yo an was e, compare o on y rom arom asteelsteel--framed houseframed house

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    Advantages of SteelAdvantages of Steel

    ~~ Consistent Material QualityConsistent Material Quality~~ uper or e sm c er ormanceuper or e sm c er ormance

    ~~ NonNon--Combustible MaterialCombustible Material~~ Dimensionally Stable in anyDimensionally Stable in anyClimateClimate~~ Insect ResistanceInsect Resistance

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    Advantages ofAdvantages of ColdCold--Formed SteelFormed Steel

    ~ High Strength to Weight Ratio~ High Strength to Weight Ratio~~~ Ease of Fabrication and Mass~ Ease of Fabrication and Mass

    ProductionProduction~ Speed of Erection~ Speed of Erection~ Flexibility in Design~ Flexibility in Design

    Common Residential HousesCommon Residential Houses(Prescriptive Method, IRC)(Prescriptive Method, IRC)

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    What is Light Gauge, or moreWhat is Light Gauge, or moreaccura e y, oaccura e y, o - - orme eeorme ee

    Cold Formin is a rocess where steel members aremanufactured by rolling or shaping the steel after it is cold.

    This process makes the steel stronger.

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    yy

    material produced bymaterial produced by into a shape.into a shape...

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    Most CommonMost Common

    ~~ SurfaceSurface- -Panel Material such asPanel Material such asSidin Roofin Com osite DeckSidin Roofin Com osite Deck~~ Individual Members used as Purlins,Individual Members used as Purlins,Girts, Studs and JoistsGirts, Studs and Joists

    ~~ Such as Perforated SectionsSuch as Perforated Sections~~ --

    ~~ Endless Geometric PossibilitiesEndless Geometric Possibilities

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    Common Uses of ColdCommon Uses of Cold--FormedFormed

    NonNon--load bearing interior partition wallsload bearing interior partition wallsResidentialResidentialCommercialCommercial

    --and seismic out of plane loads only)and seismic out of plane loads only)

    mm r i l ilinmm r i l ilin Residential load bearing wall studsResidential load bearing wall studs

    Single FamilySingle FamilyMultiMulti--FamilyFamily

    Commercial load bearing wall studsCommercial load bearing wall studsCommercial trussesCommercial trussesCommercial roof and floor framingCommercial roof and floor framing

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    Practical Uses For Cold FormedPractical Uses For Cold Formedeeee

    Sheathed Floor Systems Concrete Floor Systems

    Roof Systems Exterior Wall Systems

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    ResidentialResidential- - Load BearingLoad Bearing Single FamilySingle Family

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    InstitutionalInstitutional--Load BearingLoad Bearing

    --

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    Commercial Load BearingCommercial Load Bearing

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    MidMid--Rise LoadRise Load- -BearingBearingAn 8An 8--story gravitystory gravity

    --

    systemsystem

    floor bearing wallsfloor bearing walls m l n k m l n k

    and concrete floorand concrete floorsystemsystemLoads uniformlyLoads uniformlydistributeddistributed

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    NonNon--Load BearingLoad Bearingxter or tu a sxter or tu a s

    Studs are cli ed to the floor and roof

    levels with vertical slip clips to isolatethe wall system from floor level gravityloads to revent crackin the exteriorfinish system.

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    Generic ColdGeneric Cold--Formed SteelFormed Steel

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    ColdCold--Formed CFormed C- -Sha eSha e

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    600 S 162600 S 162 - - 54546 MemberDepth in

    1/100 inches

    Min. base metalthickness in mils(.054 = 54 mils)

    1-5/8Flange in

    1/100Stud or Joistwith Stiffener

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    --

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    Structural studsStructural studs NonNon--structural studsstructural studs

    Carry Axial loadsCarry Axial loads11--5/8 flanges and 1/2 return5/8 flanges and 1/2 return

    Not expected to carry loadsNot expected to carry loads11--1/4 flanges and 1/4 return1/4 flanges and 1/4 returnli s, t icalli s, t ical..

    Thickness from 33Thickness from 33- -97 mil97 mil

    G60 galvanized coatingG60 galvanized coating

    Thickness often less than 33 milThickness often less than 33 milG40 galvanized coatingG40 galvanized coating

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    web

    Studs madeto fit in tracks

    Flange: 1-1/4

    (Typical)

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    Floor/Ceilin Joists and Roof RaftersFloor/Ceilin Joists and Roof RaftersSame elements as studsSame elements as studs

    , , ,, , ,or 12or 12 flange

    web

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    ColdCold--RolledRolledChannelChannel

    used for wall bridgingand fits through web

    punch outs in studs andjoists

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    Furring (Hat) ChannelFurring (Hat) Channel

    buildings

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    rr

    r g ng lateral bracing

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    Specialty ConnectorsSpecialty Connectors specs.)specs.)

    Strap Tie strap Joist hanger Beam Holdownp p g

    hanger

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    --DESIGN SPECIFICATIONSDESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

    STANDARDSSTANDARDS

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    AISI S100AISI S100--20072007North American pecification North American pecification

    es gn pec ca on or oes gn pec ca on or o - - ormeormeSteel in ConstructionSteel in Construction

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    General Information:General Information:-- : enera rov s ons: enera rov s ons

    AISI S201AISI S201--07: Product Standard07: Product StandardCode of Standard Practice 2006 EditionCode of Standard Practice 2006 Edition

    Design Standards:Design Standards:AISI S210AISI S210--07: Floor and Roof System Design07: Floor and Roof System DesignAISI S211AISI S211- -07: Wall Stud Design07: Wall Stud DesignAISI S212AISI S212--07: Header Design07: Header Design

    -- : a era es gn: a era es gnAISI S214AISI S214--07: Truss Design07: Truss Design

    AISI S230AISI S230--07: Prescriptive Method for One and07: Prescriptive Method for One andTwo Family DwellingsTwo Family Dwellings

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    StandardStandard

    Practice forPractice foroo -- ormeorme

    StructuralStructuralFramingFraming

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    Prescri tivePrescri tive MethodMethod