Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection...

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Transcript of Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection...

Page 1: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 2: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 3: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 4: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Cold advectionRadiational cooling of clouds

Solar heating of Earth’s surfaceWarm air advection at surfaceAir moving over a warm surface

Page 6: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.

LIFTINGOF ENTIREAIRMASS

Page 7: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Rainshadow

Page 10: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Page 12: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?

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Most collide on forward edge

Some collide on backside

Terminal velocity:Almost 10 m/s

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Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce heavier precipitation than a stratiform cloud?

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Supercooled water droplets

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Ice forms directly on ice nuclei

Promote freezing of supercooled droplets(contact nuclei)

Page 20: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.

Higher saturation vapour pressure

Ice crystals grow atthe expense of waterdroplets

Page 21: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.

Riming causes snow pellets (graupel)-supercooled dropletsfreeze on contact

Snowflakes form through aggregation

Page 22: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Source: Desert ResearchInstitute, Nevada, USA

Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

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Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

Page 26: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 27: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 28: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 29: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 30: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 31: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
Page 32: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Page 38: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Munchique National ParkForest Ranger Station, Sector 20 de Julio2150 masl

Rain Gauge

Page 43: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Page 46: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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Remember the paper cup experiment

Page 57: Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.
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MAST602: Advection, transports, budgets Flux, transport Radiation, Advection, Diffusion Conservation of volume Continuity Conservation of salt Freshwater.

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