Coherence Beau Grande

8/8/2019 Coherence Beau Grande

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BEAUGRANDE

COHERENCE


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COHESION /COHERENCE


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I had a cup of tea. I got up. I woke up.

He found her an efficient typist.


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The purchasing power of the proposed fifteen

hundred shop outlets would have meant

excellent price reductions to customers

across Britain and the United States. Theflagship, Harrods, had never been integrated

with the rest and would emerge to retain its

particular character and choice.

Its offen written, as a handy journalists tag,

that I suffered from obsession to controlthe

splendid Knightsbridge store.


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1500

.

.

...


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KEYWORDS

COHERENCE SENSE CONTINUITY OF SENSES CONCEPTS (PRIMARY SECONDARY)

RELATIONS KNOWLEDGE SPACE KNOWLEDGE : DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL. SEMANTIC/EPISODIC MEMORY

GLO

BAL PATTERNS:F

RAMES / SCH

EMAS/SCRIPTS / PLANS SPREADING ACTIVATION INHERITANCE INFERENCE


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Textual world

Backgroundknowledge

Worldknowledge


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COHERENCE:TEXT MODEL

BACKGROUND - COMMONSENSEKNOWLEDGE

WO

RLD

TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP

REPRESENTED KNOWLEDGE

TEXTUAL WORLD


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COHERENCE

The ways in which components of the

textual world -configurations of conceptsand relations- which underlie the surface

text are mutually accessible and relevant.


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COHERENCE

The outcome of actualizing meanings in

order to make sense


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MEANINGS - SENSE

MEANING -VIRTUAL

potential of a language expression for

conveying meaning)

SENSE AC

TUALKnowledge actually conveyed by

expressions


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SENSE CONTINUITY

SENSE

TEXT

Textual

world

Senseless TEXT: no continuity of senses

Continuity of senses


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CONCEPTS -DEFINITION

A configuration of knowledge (a cognitive

content) that can be recovered or activated with

more or less consistency and unity.


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CONCEPTS -FUZZINESS

Concepts are adaptable to differentenvironments and are fuzzy as regardstheir components and boundaries


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CONCEPTS -DECOMPOSITION

1. Essential components (DETERMINATE

KNOWLEDGE)2. Non-essential components (true for most

but not all instances (TYPICAL

KNOWLEDGE)

3. Unstable/variable components

(ACCIDENTAL KNOWLEDGE)


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CONCEPTSDECOMPOSITION

1. All humans are mortal2. Humans usually live in communities

3. Some humans happend to appear

blond


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CONCEPTSBUILDING THE TEXTUAL WORLD

PROCEDURAL SEMANTICS

NOT: How can concepts be decomposed?BUT: How are expressions assigned

conceptual senses?

H

ow are senses put together intolarger configurations of a textualworld?


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CONCEPTSBUILDING THE TEXTUAL WORLD

The content of a concept (the sense of anexpression) in a text is an ordered set ofhypotheses about accessing and activatingcognitive elements within a current pattern.


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TEXTUAL PROCESSINGPROCEDURES

SPREADING ACTIVATION INHERITANCE

INFERENCE


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SPREADING ACTIVATION

When some item of knowledge is activated,other items closely associated with it in

mental storage also become active


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PRODUCTION RECEPTION

OUTWARD INWARD

From concepts/relations From expressions

To preferred expressions To concepts

(associations/predictions/hypotheses/mental images)


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Control center

Paths

(spreading

Routes)


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Spreading activation

Utlization of knowledge

(Declarative/procedural

Episodic semantic memory)


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DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE: Stored factualknowledge about the organization of events and situations inreal-world

PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE: stored facts orbeliefs in formats intended for specific use (know how)


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EPISODIC MEMORY: storage of specificincidents in ones own experience

CONCEPTUAL MEMORY: systemizedknowledge about the world


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GLOBAL PATTERNS

TOP DOWN PERSPECTIVEKNOWLEDGE PATERNS

GLO

BAL PATTERNS

FRAMES SCHEMAS PLANS SCRIPTS


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GLOBAL PATTERNS

Frames: contain commonsense knowledgeabout some central concepts.

eg. house, marriage,

SCHEMAS: global patterns of events andstates in ordered sequences linked by time

proximity and causality.

eg. How to build a house, marriage ceremony


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GLOBAL PATTERNS

PLANS: global patterns of events and statesleading up to an intended goal

SCRIPTS: stabilized called-up plans veryfrequently to specify the roles of participantsand their actions


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GLOBAL PATTERNS

FRAMES: How a topic might be developed in atext

SCH

EMAS:H

ow an event will progress in asequence

PLANS: How text users or characters in textualworlds will pursue their goals

SCRIPTS: how situations are set up so thatcertain texts can be presented at the opportunemoment.


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INHERITANCE

ECONOMY

A chicken is an animal A chicken is a bird

A robin is a bird


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INHERITANCE

The transfer of knowledge among items ofthe same or similar types


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INHERITANCE

Mammals/animals

Elephants do not play piano Napoleon was a human being, he

presumably had toes


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INHERITANCE

TYPES1. An instance inherits all the

characteristics of its class unlessexpressely cancelled

2. Subclass inherits from superclass onlythose characteristics that the narrowerspecification of the subclasses allows

3. Entities can inherit from those withwhich they stand in analogy


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INHERITANCE

TYPES

1. Napoleon had toes2. Ostriches / birds

3. Human mind / computer


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INFERENCE

Supplying reasonable concepts andrelations to fill in a gap or discontinuity ina textual world


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COHERENCE MODEL

BUILDING THE TEXTUAL WORLD

COHERENCE is envisioned as theoutcome of combining CONCEPTS andRELATIONS into a network composed ofKNOWLEDGE SPACES centred around

main TOPICS


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CONCEPTS

PRIMARY CONCEPTS

OBJECTS SITUATIONS

EVENTS

ACTIONS


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CONCEPTS

SECONDARY CONCEPTS

DEF

INING EVENTS, AC

TIO

NS, AO

BJEC

TS ANDSITUATIONS (state, agent, affected, relation, attribute, location,time, motion, instrument, form, part, substance, )

DEFINING HUMAN EXPERIENCE (reason, purpose,apperception, cognition, emotion, volition, )

DEFINING CLASS INCLUSION (instance, specification,superclass, metaclass, )

DEFINING RELATIONS (initiation, termination, entry exit,proximity, )


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RELATIONS

STATE OF

AGENT OF

AFF

EC

TED RELATIO

NOF

ATTRIBUTE OF

LOCATION OF

TIME OF

MOTION OF

INSTRUMENTOF

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