Cognitives and metacognitives stratiegies
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Transcript of Cognitives and metacognitives stratiegies
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COGNITIVE STRATEGIESAND
METACOGNITIVES STRATEGIES
By:Brigith Guzman
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COGNITIVES STRATEGIES
REPETITIONS: when imitiating others’ speech
RESOURSING: haveing recourse
to dictionaries and other materials
NOTE-TAKING:notes and main
ideas
TRASLATION: that is , using their
mother tongue as a basis for
understanding and producing the target language
DEDUCTION: Concious
application of L2 rules
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CONTEXTUALISATION: when embedding a word or phrase in a
meaningful sequence
QUESTION FOR CLARIFICATION: when asking the teacher to
explain, etc.
INFERENCING: when matching an
unfamiliar word against available
information (a new word etc.)
TRANSFER: that is , using knowledge
acquired in the L1 to remember and
understand facts and sequence s in the L2
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SELF-EVALUATION: i.e., appraising one´s performance in relation to one´s own standards
METACOGNITIVES STRATEGIESDIRECTED ATTENTION: when deciding in advance to concentrate
on general aspects of task
SELECTIVE ATTENTION: payin attention to specific aspects of task
SELF-MONITORING: i.e., cheking one´s performance as one speaks
SELF-REINFORCEMENT: regarding oneself for success
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Plan/ Organize(planer)
BEFORE BEGINNING
A TASK
PLAN HOW TO ACCOMPLISH THE TASK (CHOOSE STRATEGIES)PREVIEW A TEXT
SET GOALS PLAN THE TASK OR CONTENT SEQUENCE
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MONITOR / IDENTIFY PROBLEMSWhile working on a task:
Check your progress on
the task
Check your comprehension as you use the language. Do
you understand? If not, what is the problem
Check your production as you use the
language . Are you making
sense ? If not , what is the problem
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EVALUATEAfter completing a task:
• Assess how well you have accomplished the learning task.
• Assess how well you have used learning strategies
• Decide how effective the strategies were
• Identify changes you will make in the next task
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MANAGE YOUR OWN LEARNING
Determine how you learn best
Seek opportunities for
practice
Focus your attention on the
task
Arrange conditions that help you learn
(Pace yourself)
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TASK-BASED STRATEGIES
Use what you know
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USE BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGEThink about and use what you
already know to help you do the task
Make associations between new information and your prior
knowledge
Use new information to clarify or modify your prior knowledge
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MAKE INFERENCES(Use Clues)
Read and listen between lines
Use contex and what you know to figure
out meaning
Go beyond the text to understand
it´s meaning
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Make a hypothesis (science)
Anticipate information to come
Make logical guesses about what will happen in awritten
or oral text
Make an estimate (math)
MAKE PREDICTIONS
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PERSONALIZE
Relate new concepts to your own life, to your experiences ,knowledge, beliefs and feeling
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TRANSFER / USE COGNATE
Apply your linguistic knowledge of other languages (including your native language ) to the target language
Recognize cognates
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SUBSTITUTE/ PARAPHRASE
HELLO Hola
use synonym or descriptive phrase for unknown words or expressions
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USE YOUR SENSES
Use or create an actual or
mental image to understand and represent information
Use or draw a
picture or diagram
Use imagesSee it in your mind
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USE SOUNDSSay or read aloud a word,
sentence, or paragraph to help your understanding
Sound out / vocalize
Use your “mental trape recorder” to remember sounds,
words, phrases, and/or conversations
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USE YOUR KINESTHETIC SENSE
Act out a role, for example, in readers´theater, or imagine yourself in idifferent roles in
the target language
Use real objects to help you remember words, sentences,or
content information
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CLASSIFY/SEQUENCE
Sequence events in history
Classify living things;identify natural
cycles
Categorize words or ideas
according to attributes
Identify order and sequences in math, science, and social
studies.
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TAKE NOTESWrite down
important words and ideas while
listening or reading
List ideas or words to include
in speaking ar writing
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USE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERUse or create visual representation(such as venn diagrams, time line webs, an charts) of importan relationship between concepts
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SUMMARIZECreate a mental, oral, or written summary of information. Use selective attention focus
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USE SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Focus on specific information, structures, key words, phrases,or ideas
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COOPERATE
Work whitn other to complete tasks, build confidence, and give and receive feedback
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TALK YOURSELF TROUGH IT (self-talk)
Use your inner resources. Reduce your anxiety by reminding yourself of your progress, the resource you have available and your goals
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