Cognitive radio experimentation with VESNA...
Transcript of Cognitive radio experimentation with VESNA...
Cognitive radio experimentation with VESNA platform
Miha Smolnikar
Jozef Stefan Institute
ICTP School on Applications of Open Spectrum and White Spaces Technologies
Concept
• A HW/SW platform for wireless sensor networks• High processing power and low energy consumption• Sensor node & concentrator/gateway capability• Battery, solar or external power supply• Multiple communication technologies• Extensive portfolio of sensors and actuators• JTAG debug interface• OS ports: Contiki, NuttX, (RIOT)• Libraries ports: Arduino (Maple, Spark, …), panStamp, OpenWSN, Wiselib, SensLAB …• Arduino compatibility
• Development, prototyping and testbed platform
• Design files & source code• https://github.com/sensorlab/ 4
Supported …… sensors• Temperature
• Air pressure
• Pressure (absolute, differential)
• Humidity
• Luminance
• Acceleration
• Gyroskop
• GPS/position
• Microwave radar
• Lightning
• Microphone (intensity, spectrum)
• Radio spectrum (ISM, UHF)
• Voltage
… communication interfaces• IEEE 802.15.4
• ZigBee
• 6LoWPAN
• Wireless M-BUS
• Bluetooth 4.0
• Wi-Fi
• GSM/GPRS
• Ethernet
… peripherals• RS-232
• RS-422/485
• CAN
• USB (slave)
• SPI
• I2C
• 1wire
• SDIO
• 4…20 mA
• 1-10 V
…• Current (AC/DC, Hall,
resistor)
• Power quality (parametrization)
• RFID, NFC
• Ultrasound
• IR (PIR, on-off, distance, temperature)
• Capacitive/inductive touch/distance
• Color
• Reflectance
• Hall
• Load cell (weigh)
• Weather station• Rainfall rate
• Wind speed & direction
• Sun radiation (UV, VIS)
…• Gas / Particles
• CO2
• VOC
• NO, NO2, CO, O3, SO2
• PM, Pollen
• Camera
• …
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Modularity
• VESNA=SNC+SNR+SNE• SNC = 7 cm x 5 cm
• SNR = 3 cm x 5 cm
• SNE = 7 (10) cm x 5 cm
• Existing modules• SNC-STM32
• SNR-TRX, SNR-MOD
• SNE-PROTO, SNE-WG, SNE-WLG, SNE-ISMTV, SNE-ESHTER, SNE-SENS, SNE-AQA, SNE-AMIO, SNE-SH, SNE-BEECO, SNE-PMC
Sensor Node Core (SNC)data acquisition and processing,versatile power supply
Sensor Node Radio (SNR)communication withinthe sensor network
Sensor connector
Power supply and RS-232
USB
SDIO
Battery / solar
Antenna
Radio connector
Sensor Node Expansion (SNE)application specific HW, firmware debugging over JTAG
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SNC-STM32
• Microcontroller• ST STM32F103xx
• ST STM32L1zzxx
• MRAM
• Instrumentational amplifier
• External / battery / solar power supply + charger
• USB, RS232/UART, SPI, I2C, 12-bit DAC, 12-bit ADC
• SD card slot
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SNR-TRX (transceiver)
• 315/433 MHz, 868/915 MHz• TI CC1101
• Atmel AT86RF212 (IEEE 802.15.4)
• 2.4 GHz• TI CC2500
• Atmel AT86RF231 (IEEE 802.15.4)
• nRF8001 (BLE)
• Range extenders• TI CC1190 (sub-GHz) / TI CC2590 (2.4 GHz)
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SNR-MOD (OEM module)
• Digi XBee (ZigBee, proprietary)
• Atmel ATZB-900 (ZigBee)
• Atmel ATZB-24 (ZigBee)
• Telit • ME50-868, (ME50-169) (WMBUS)
• LExx, NEexx (pin compatible, proprietary)
• ZExx-2.4 (pin compatible, ZigBee)
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SNE-WG (wired gateway)
• Lantronix Xport / Digi ConnectMe (Ethernet)
• Power over Ethernet
• CAN
• RS-485/422
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SNE-WLG (wireless gateway)
• GainSpan GS1011 (WiFi)
• BlueRadio BR-LE4.0 (Bluetooth 4.0 )
• Telit GL865 (GSM/GPRS)
• uBlox MAX-6G (GPS)
• Power supply
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SNE-ISMTV (spectrum sensing) 1/2
• SNE-CREWTV
• One PCB with several placement options1. VHF/UHF (TVWS)
• NXP TDA18219HN silicon tuner
• Analog devices AD8307 demodulating logarithmic amplifier
• RF input range: 420 – 870 MHz
• Bandwidth: 1.7 MHz, 8 MHz
• Linearity: ±1 dB
• Dynamic range: 60 dB
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SNE-ISMTV (spectrum sensing) 2/2
2. Sub-GHz ISM (315, 433, 783, 868, 915 MHz)• TI CC1101
• Receiver sensitivity: -112 dBm @ 868 Mhz
• Programmable output power: 12 dBm
3. 2.4 GHz ISM• TI CC2500
• Receiver sensitivity: -104 dBm
• Programmable output power: 1 dBm
• IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver (ISM 868 MHz)• Atmel AT86RF212
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SNE-ESHTER (spectrum sensing) – UNDER DEVELOPMENT
• Embedded Sensing Hardware for TVWS Experimental Radio (ESHTER)• http://www.tablix.org/~avian/blog/articles/talks/next_generation_tv_band_r
eceiver_for_vesna.pdf
• Motivation for redesign• Experiment with advanced spectrum sensing methods (require access to
signal magnitude and phase)
• Higher frequency resolution for energy detection (wireless microphones occupy ~200 kHz of spectrum, 1700 kHz narrowest TDA18219HN channel setting)
• Practical problems (form-factor, EMI noise cancellation)
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SNE-ESHTER (spectrum sensing) – UNDER DEVELOPMENT
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• Going beyond energy detection• Covariance Absolute Value detector
• Eigenvalue detector
• Information-theoretic detection
• Compressive sensing
• Block diagram
Projects
• Photovoltaic power plant monitoring (Telekom Slovenije)• http://sensors.ijs.si/
• Air quality (FP7 CITI-SENSE)• http://www.citi-sense.eu/
• Sensor support for unexpected & temporary events (FP7 ABSOLUTE)• http://www.absolute-project.eu/
• Robust network infrastructure for smart distribution grids (FP7 SUNSEED)• TBD
• Spectrum sensing and cognitive radio (FP7 CREW)• http://www.crew-project.eu/
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PV power plant monitoring
• Systematically investigate the pros and cons of different PV technologies (amorphous & crystalline silicon), effect of panels deployment (S, E, W orientation) and impact of environment (weather) conditions
• Sensorics on 5 sets of PV panels• Light intensity in different spectrum (UV/VIS/IR)• Solar pannel U/I characteristic • Performance of inverter MPP tracker• Temperature of a PN junction • Environment conditions (context)
• 7 VESNA sensor nodes, 1 VESNA gateway, ZigBee network @ 868 MHz
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Air quality
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• Static indoor unit (Wi-Fi)• T, rH, PM• Gas: CO2 (CO2-IRC-A1), VOC, NH3 (B1)
• Static outdoor unit (Wi-Fi)• Weather: T, rH, wind speed & direction, rainfall rate• Solar radiation: VIS, IR• Lightning • Gas: NO, NO2, SO2, O3, CO (ISB-B4)
• Portable unit (Wi-Fi / BLE)• VESNA SNE-AQA
• T, rH, accelerometer• Gas: NO2, O3, CO (AFE-A4)
Spectrum sensing testbed location
• Deployed in the city of Logatec, Slovenia
• Based on wireless sensor network
• Sensor nodes are (mostly) installed on public light poles
• Infrastructure rewiring ensures 24/7 power supply
• Used to support the experimentally-driven research20
Spectrum sensing VESNA nodesSNE-ISMTV
868 MHz TRX
CC1101
TV UHF RX
TDA18219HN
SPI, GPIO
2.4 GHz TRX
CC2500
868 MHz TRX
AT86RF212
SNC v1.0 SNR-MOD v1.0
ATZB-900-B0
custom code
or
Contiki + custom code
SP
I / UA
RT
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Spectrum sensing infrastructure
• 50+ sensor nodes are deployed in 3 clusters• City center (23)• Industrial zone (27)• JSI campus
• Management network ZigBee @ 868 MHz, Ethernet gateway
green – UHF, blue - ISM 868 MHz, red - ISM 2400 MHz, yellow - reserve locations23
FP7 project CREW
• Cognitive Radio Experimentation World• http://www.crew-project.eu/• Establish an open federated test platform• Research on advanced spectrum sensing,
cognitive radio and cognitive networking • Horizontal and vertical spectrum sharing in
licensed and unlicensed bands
• LOG-a-TEC• Outdoor• ISM/TVWS• Spectrum sensing and
cognitive radio
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LOG-a-TEC spectrumsensing infrastructure• 3 clusters
• Sensor nodes (23+27+1)• SNC-STM32
• SNR-MOD (ZigBee mesh @ 868 MHz)
• SNE-ISMTV
• Gateways • SNC-STM32
• SNR-MOD (ZigBee mesh @ 868 MHz)
• SNE-WG
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LOG-a-TEC spectrum sensing infrastructure
• Web access portal
• User administration and scheduling
• Python library
• SSL connection and protocol proxy
• GRAS-RaPlaT
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LOG-a-TEC testbed access portal• Testbed access portal available
at www.log-a-tec.eu allows to• Show node status
• Choose particular cluster
• Perform an experiment • Described as a sequence of GET and POST requests
• Remote (over-the-air) reprograming
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LOG-a-TEC testbed access portalExecution of predefined experiments (sequence of GET and POST requests / Python script)
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VESNA spectrum sensing experimentation
• VESNA spectrum sensing software
• A batch of pre-prepared spectrum sensing profiles is available
• Once profile is selected VESNA sensor node is accordingly configured
• Experiment is run according to spectrum sensing specifications
• Results are saved locally on the SD card and sent in batches to the server
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Sensing profile• Frequency band• Channel bandwidth• Averaging• …
GRASS-RaPlaT experimentation
• Integrated Radio Planning Tool (RaPlaT)based on open-source GIS system GRASS • Experiment planning• Tx radio coverage calculation • Visualization • Supporting REM estimation
• Incorporating • Digital Elevation Model• Clutter file• Six path loss prediction models• Ray-tracing approach for rural
and urban environments
35http://www-e6.ijs.si/en/software/grass-raplat
Experimentation in LOG-a-TEC
1. Remote experiments (RE)• Define your experiments• Ask for an account to LOG-a-TEC• Use the Python scripts https://github.com/sensorlab/vesna-alh-tools to develop
your own experiment• Use the web portal to run pre-defined experiments and simulations
https://crn.log-a-tec.eu/
2. On site experiments (OE)• If the experiments requires mobile equipment or a particular type of equipment to
be brought on site
3. A mix of remote and on-site experiments (ME)• A combination of the above
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Acknowledgements
• Thanks to colleagues in SensorLab who greatly contributed to this work.
• The work reported in this presentation has been partially funded by the European Community through the FP7 project CREW (FP7–258301).
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Thanks for attention!
http://sensorlab.ijs.si/