Cognitive Radio : Emerging Business Toward an Efficiently Smart Era of ICT

What is Cognitive Radio?

How smart and efficient Cognitive Radio is ?

Where is Cognitive Radio place in the future market of telecommunication ?

What kind of applications could be take advantages by the presence of cognitive radio ?

As a summary, how good this thing is ?

The use of frequencyThe use of frequency

Broad range of use (telecommunication, military, medical, etc)

Wireless trends

Limited resources

EfficiencyEfficiency

Sharing Spectrum

DCAAS (Demand Channel Assignment Access System)

HeterogeneityHeterogeneity

• Multiple operators

• Multiple Services

• Various Radio Techniques

• Different Radio Topologies

• Broad Range of Radio equipments

• Multiple frequency bands

Spectrum “For our purposes, spectrum is the term that describes a

set of radio waves that can be used to transmit

information”

Frequency “Frequency is the number of times that a wave's peak

passes a fixed point in a specific period of time”

Cognitive RadioDefinition

“ cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either A network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters

to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users”[5]

Technology

• Spectrum Sensing• Spectrum Management• Spectrum Mobility• Spectrum Sharing

Main Functions

Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A)Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A)Technology

• Full cognitive radio• Spectrum Sensing cognitive radio

The Smart of Cognitive Radio

What make it smart like no others devices ?

Spectrum Detection 3 techniques in spectrum detection :

• Transmitter detection : matched filter detection, energy detection, cyclostationary feature detection• Coorperative detection• Intereference based detection

Spectrum Managementfind the best spectrum available with highest QoS. Techniques :

•Spectrum analysis• Spectrum decision

Spectrum MobilityMobility Cross handover – provide the best frequency allocation while moving

Spectrum SharingSpectrum scheduling method – accomodate the use of spectrum according appropriate order of time

The Smart of Cognitive Radio (cont.)

Figure. Basic Cognitive Cycle [6]

The Advantages

The advantages of cognitive radio :

1.Senses the radio frequensy environment for presence of white spaces

2.Manages the unused spectrum

3.Increase the efficiency of the spectrum utilization significantly

4.Improves the spectrum utilization by neglecting the over occupie

spectrum Channels and filling the unused spectrum channels

5.Improves the performance of the overall spectrum by increasing the

data Rate on good channels and moving away from the bad channels

6.Use the unused spectrum for a new business propositions, such as

providing

7.High speed internet in the rural areas and high data rate network

application like video confrencing can be made

In dynamic spectrum access environment, the following security threats are prominent [6]:

› Dynamic spectrum access attack a malicious user poses as a primary user and transmits signals very similar to

the primary user.

› Malicious behavior attackmisbehaving user masquerades to be a primary user and broadcast jamming signals that is very dificult to be detected by the secondary user

› Deniel of Service (DOS) attackthere could be 3 types of DOS attacks : low intensity attack, the high intensity attack, highest intensity

› Actions of selfish and malicious users selfish users make constant request in the network that they need more

allocation of channels more than what is required.

Challanges

Cognitive Radio SystemCognitive Radio System (CRS) Concept

Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011

Figure . CRS Concept Summary

ITU-R WP 1B A radio system employing technology that allows the System to obtain knowledge of its operational and Geographical environment, establiished policy and itsInternal state, to dinamically and autonomously adjust itsOpperation parameters and protocol according to its Obtained of knowledge in order to achieve predifinedObjectives and learn from the result obtained

In order to obtain knowledge, CRS use following approaches :1.Collecting information from component radio system2.Geolocation3.Spectrum sensing4.White space database access5.Access to cognitive pilot channel (CPC)

Type of Cognitive Radio System :

1.Heterogenous type2.Spectrum Sharing type

Types of CRSHeterogenous Type


Figure . Heterogenous Type CRS : Cross device and cross network handover

Types of CRSSpectrum Sharing type

Figure. Spectrum Sharing Type CRS

Standards :• IEEE 1900.4• IEEE draft standard P1900.4a• IEEE draft standard P1900.6• IEEE 802.11y• IEEE draft standard P802.11af• IEEE draft standard P802.19.1• IEEE draft standard P802.22• IEEE draft standard P802.22.1• standard ECMA-392

Summary of International Standardization onCognitive Radio System

Topics that currently considered :

• Technical characteristics and capabilities• Potential benefits• Deployment scenarios• Potential applications• Operational techniques• Coexistence• Operational and technical implication

Current Condition: The Apps & Tech.

Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010The

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Current Condition: The Apps & Tech. (cont.)

Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2011

A heterogenous broadband wireless access landscape

Integration heterogenous networks as common business platform

Future Market

Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010

Market Evolution


Public Safety Networks

Future Market : The Application

Extend the eyes and ears of public safety Agents :

• Handphone• Laptop• Wireless Handhelds• Camera• GPS• etc

Problem occurs :• Radio frequency congestion• communication during emergency• interoperability is hampered • incompatible radio equipment• Lack of standardization

SolutionCognitive Radio System :public safety wireless communication network

Figure. Public Safety Networks

Cellular Networks



Customer expectation : “always connected”• smart phone• social network• e-life style• data exchange• mobile internet

OpportunityThe increase of revenue

Challanges•In some area, cellular networks are overload•Limited spectrum resources owned by operator

Solution• cognitive radio network : can augment next generation cellular network

Figure. Cellular Networks Architecture

Figure. Medical Body Area Network



Ubiquitous monitoring of patient, such as :• Temprature• Blood presure• Blood oxygen• electrocardiogram (ECG)

Challanges• wide area of patient location • direct responses from doctor / clinicans• collect multiple parameters• lower operational cost (low OPEX)•Need relatively clean & less crowded spectrum

Solution• Wireless MBAN using cognitive radio system and network

•Improve effectiveness and caregivers

Wireless Medical Network

Bussiness Insight

A new Competitive Landscape

Mobile services

Next-generation wireless network

TV services

Convergency

Ubiquitous services

Dynamic Pricing

Bussiness Insight : The Opportunities

New Business Opportunities :

Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within one operator to balanced load of network

Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within more than two operators

Spectrum trading beetwen operators

Bussiness Insight : In Indonesia

How Do We Take a Part ?

Cooperation integrated framework : regulator, operators, market

Emerging local industri : content, services provider, etc

Focus to emerging economic growth and national wealth

Provide cheap and ubiquitous network, services

Spectrum regulation , Price regulation

Adopt the most suitable options

Collaboration, coorporation and competitiveness environement

ConclusionThe incr

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sub

scri

bers

Spectru

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& Fre

quency

Issu

es

Cognitive Radio

Technology :

Dynamic Spectrum Access

Cognitive Radio

Technology :

Dynamic Spectrum Access

A New Competitive Landscape

• Future Market

• Technology

• Regulation

• Value Added Services

Cognitive radio technology bring solution and emerging efficiently smart ICT business for a better life

[1] IEEE Communication magazine, “International Standardization of Cognitive Radio System”, March 2011

[2] IEEE Communication magazine, “Emerging Cognitive Radio Application : A Survey”, March 2011

[3] IEEE Communication magazine, “Wireless Service Provision in TV White Space with Cognitive Radio Technology : A Telecom Operator’s Perspective and Experience”, March 2011

[4] IEEE Communication magazine, “Technology and Market Conditions Toward a new competitive Landscape in Wireless Access Market”, June 2010

[5] http://www.wikipedia.com/

[6] http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/ges/media/mse_prj_rpts/Securityfeature_in_Cognitive_radio.pdf

Cognitive Radio : Emerging Business Toward an Efficiently Smart Era of ICT

Technology

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