Cognitive Processes and Memory
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Transcript of Cognitive Processes and Memory
COGNITION
The mental action or process of acquiring
knowledge and understanding through
thought, experiences and the senses.
COGNITION
Sub-Domains (Processes) of Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psych PrinciplesMental processes guide
behaviourThe mind can be studied
scientifically
Cognitive processes are influenced By social and cultural factors
The Mysterious Workings of the Teenage Brain
Video
The mind can be studied scientifically
Learning that has persisted over time – Information that has been stored
and in many cases recalled.
3 Basic Stages of the Memory Process
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Processes occuring during the presentation of learning
material - perception
Information being stored
within the memory system
Recovering or extracting
stored information
Think of something you have had to remember.
1. How did you put it into your memory? (Encoding)
2. How did you maintain it in your memory? (Storage)
3. How did you recover it from your memory when needed? (Retrieval)
• ACRONYMS (such as PUG for "pick up grapes")
• VISUALIZATIONS (such as imagining a tooth to remember your dentist's appointment)
• RHYMES (if you need to remember a name, for instance, think "Shirley's hair is curly)
• CHUNKING, which is breaking up information into smaller "chunks" (such as organizing numbers into the format of a phone number)
Mnemonic Devices
A newspaper is better than a magazine.A seashore is a better place than the
street.At first it is better to run than to walk.You may have to try several times.
It takes some skill but is easy to learn.Even young children can enjoy it.Once successful, complications are
minimalBirds seldom get too close.Rain, however, soaks in very fast.
Too many people doing the same thing can also cause problems.
One needs a lot of room.If there are no complications, it can be very peaceful.A rock will serve as an anchor.
If things break loose from it, however, you will not get a second chance.
CONTEXT
The procedure is actually quite simple.First you arrange items into different groups.Of course one pile may be sufficient depending on how there
is to doIf you have to go somewhere else due to lack of facilities that is the next step; otherwise you
are pretty well set.
It is important not to overdo things.That is, it is better to do too few things at once that
too many.In the short run this may not seem important, but complications can arise.
A mistake can be expensive, as well.At first, the whole procedure will seem complicatedSoon, however, it will become just another facet of
life.It is difficult to foresee any end to the necessity for this task in the immediate future, but then, one can never tell.
After the procedure is complete one arranges the materials into different groups again.
Eventually, they will used once more and the whole cycle will then have to be repeated.
However, that is part of life.
False MemoryImage from Open Clipart