Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory
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Transcript of Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory
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Stanford Law 2011
Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory
Kevin S. LaBar, Ph.D.Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
Duke University
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Outline of Talk
Enhancing effects of emotion on declarative memory: basic laboratory paradigms encoding, consolidation, and retrieval effects of emotion regulation
Enhancing effects of emotion on declarative memory: 'real-world' paradigms emotional memories of a complex sporting event emotional autobiographical memories
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PsychologicalTheories of
Emotion
(A)
(B)
APPRAISAL CRITERIA JOY ANGER FEAR SADNESS Novelty high high high low Pleasantness high open low open Goal significance: Outcome certainty high very high high very high Conduciveness conducive obstructive obstructive obstructive Urgency low high very high low Coping potential: Agency self/other other other open Control high high open very low Power high high very low very low Adjustment high high low medium
(C)
Categorical (evolutionary)
Dimensional (social-motivational)
Component Process (cognitive)
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Memory modulation theories
Memory systems theories
Neurobiological theories of emotional memory
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The amygdala mediates emotional arousal influences on a variety of
memory systems
LaBar & Cabeza, Nat Rev Neurosci, 2006
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Experimental fMRI Encoding Paradigm
ValenceUnpleasant Neutral Pleasant1 5 9
1=Low
9=High
Aro
usal
High arousing & Unpleasant
High arousing & Pleasant
Low arousing & Neutral
ValenceUnpleasant Neutral Pleasant1 5 9
1=Low
9=High
Aro
usal
ValenceUnpleasant Neutral Pleasant1 5 9
1=Low
9=High
Aro
usal
High arousing & Unpleasant
High arousing & Pleasant
High arousing & Unpleasant
High arousing & Pleasant
Low arousing & Neutral
High Arousing & Pleasant [N=60]
High Arousing & Unpleasant [N=60]
Low Arousing & Neutral [N=60]
Study: rate pleasantness
Test: cued recall
Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, Neuron, 2004
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Left Amygdala Right AmygdalaB.
A.
Pleasant NeutralUnpleasant
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Main Effect of Arousal on Amygdala Activation and Memory
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Subsequent Memory Paradigm
Difference
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Arousal Modulation of Subsequent
Memory (Dm) Effect
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Meta-analysis of emotional encoding success studies
Murty , Ritchey, Adcock & LaBar, Neuropsychologia, 2010
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Emotion regulation and subsequent memory
Encode negative pictures during fMRI under passive view, suppress, and reappraise (reduce personal relevance) conditions, as well as neutral (view) control pictures
Test memory in 2-week delayed recognition test
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Behavioral results
Pannu Hayes et al., Front Human Neurosci, 2010
*
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Emotion regulation and hippocampal subsequent memory effect
Pannu Hayes et al., Front Human Neurosci, 2010
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Remembering One Year Later:Role of the MTL in Retrieving Emotional Memories
• Successful Retrieval = Hits vs. Misses
• Divide into recollection- and familiarity-based retrieval operations
• Compare Emotional Successful Retrieval vs. Neutral Successful Retrieval
Does the MTL also participate in the successful retrieval of emotional items from long-term storage?
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Emotional Modulation of Retrieval Success Activity in MTL(Remember/Know combined)
Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, PNAS, 2005
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Recollection- vs. Familiarity-Based Emotional Retrieval Success Activity
**
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“There should also be more interest in what people actually do (eat, have political views, watch television…), [and] more concern about whether the paradigmatic instances we choose for experimental analysis correspond to real-world events and are both robust and generalizable”Rozin, Perspectives Psychol. Sci.,
2009
Moving from the lab to the real world…
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Retrieving emotional memories for a complex sporting event:
The Duke -UNC Basketball Study
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Features of the experimental design
Archived game (@UNC 2000)
Valence is determined by opposing fan perspectives
Select engaged fans of opposing teams
Encoding conditions are controlled
Assess memory for specific plays (detailed event memory) each play has an emotional outcome that fluctuates
widely across trials
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Sample retrieval trial
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fMRI results: Arousal modulationAmygdala and hippocampus
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fMRI results: Arousal modulation
Social cognitive/self-referential network Sensorimotor
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fMRI results: Valence effects
Positive valence effect
dorsal frontoparietal network
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Spatiotemporal dissociation of emotional intensity and reliving in autobiographical memory
“cue word”
time
“emotion”“reliving”
retrieval maintenance
eyes closed
24 sec
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
MRT = 12.3 sDaselaar et al., Cereb Cortex, 2008
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-1.00
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phase1 phase2 phase1 phase2
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phase1 phase2 phase1 phase2
T va
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EmotionReliving
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retriev maint retriev maint retriev maint retriev maint
Visual CortexEmotion-specific variation Reliving-specific variation
Amygdala
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Early Role of Emotion During Memory Retrieval
“When a subject is being asked to remember, very often the first thing that emerges is something of the nature of an attitude. The recall is then a construction, made largely on the basis of this attitude, and its general effect is that of a justification of the attitude,” where for Bartlett attitude is “very largely a matter of feeling, or affect.”
Bartlett (1932/1995)
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Conclusions Emotional memory is a multidimensional construct
Amygdala-MTL interactions are important for long-term encoding and retrieval of emotionally intense episodes, with additional support from frontoparietal and sensory regions
Emotion regulation strategies modify activity in this network
These interactions extend to more complex, real-world memories where emotion has a broader reach over social cognitive and sensorimotor networks
Emerging VR technologies may be beneficial to reveal how real-world contexts regulate the expression of emotional memories
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Acknowledgements Research support:
NIH R01 DA14094, R01 AG023123; NSF CAREER Award
Collaborators: Alison Adcock, Anne Botzung, Rachael Brady,
Roberto Cabeza, Sander Daselaar, Florin Dolcos, Daniel Greenberg, Amanda Miles, Gregory McCarthy, Rajendra Morey, Jasmeet Pannu Hayes, Heather Rice, David Rubin, Moria Smoski, Holton Thompson, David Zielinski
LaBaratory: Jose Alba Hernandez, Matthew Fecteau, Nicole
Huff, Phil Kragel, Vishnu Murty, Maureen Ritchey
No conflicts of interest to report
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Future directions: Virtual emotional
memories Duke immersive Virtual
Environment (DiVE)
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MTL Activation During Retrieval of Emotional Autobiographical Memories
Greenberg, Rice, Cooper, Cabeza, Rubin & LaBar, Neuropsychologia, 2005
Anterior AnteriorPosterior Posterior
• Pre-scan cue generation method• Compare autobiographical vs. semantic retrieval
AMSM
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How Can Cognitive Neuroscience Contribute?
1. Whether emotion enhances or diminishes the strength of memory for an event
2. Whether special mechanisms are required to account for the effects of emotion on memory
3. Whether emotion affects the subjective experience of remembering
Two central issues in emotional memory research (Schooler & Eich, 2000)
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Francis Bacon: Facts connected with strong feelings were easier remembered than indifferent facts
Descartes: Emergence of memories is brought about by the passions
Rappaport, Emotions and Memory, 1950
Historical interest: Emotion and memory
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Arousal-Mediated Memory Consolidation Deficits Following
Bilateral Amygdala Damage
# w
ords
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S.P.
LaBar & Phelps, Psychol Sci, 1998