UNIVERSITY OF WALES

CENTRE FOR ADVANCED WELSH AND CELTIC STUDIES

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE WELSH LANGUAGE: THE EVIDENCE OF THE 1891 CENSUS

ESRC PROJECT No: R00023603901

PROJECT LEADERS: HAROLD CARTER

GERAINT H. JENKINS

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS: GWENFAIR PARRY

MARI WILLIAMS

ABERYSTWYTH

1998

CONTENTS OF DATA FILES

This dataset contains 35 Excel files, each of which consists of a 100 per cent sample of the enumeration districts in twenty communities, selected from the 178 sub-registration districts of Wales, ie. c. 90,000 individuals or 5 per cent of the total population of Wales in 1891. The following twenty communities were sampled:

Blaenau, MonmouthshireCardiff, GlamorganBlaenllechau, GlamorganFerndale, GlamorganCwm Clydach, GlamorganLlwynypia, GlamorganDowlais, GlamorganPontardawe, GlamorganCwmaman, CarmarthenshireFishguard, PembrokeshireAberystwyth, CardiganshireTregaron, CardiganshireBuilth Wells, BreconshireLlanidloes, MontgomeryshireRhyl, FlintshireRhosllannerchrugog, DenbighshireLlanymawddwy, MerionethshireBlaenau Ffestiniog, MerionethshirePorthmadog, CaernarfonshireTrefdraeth, Anglesey

Two specific data files were created for each district. Variables in the first file identified, in the following order, the identity of the individual person, the enumeration district, the schedule number, first name, surname, relation to the head of the household, marital status, sex, age, occupation, employment status (whether a: employer; b: employed, or c: neither employer nor employed), occupation code, country/county of birth, birthplace and language spoken. The second file identified the following variables: the enumeration district, the schedule number, whether a Welsh-language schedule was used, number of persons in household, number of rooms (if fewer than five), and address.

File Name Description

blaenau.xls Transcription of the 1891 census enumerator’s books (CEBs), Blaenau, Monmouthshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 in the sub-registration district of Aberystruth, in the Bedwellte registration district. Number of records: 6529

cdiff6.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 6. in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2521

cdiff17.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 17 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 1495

cdiff25.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 25 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2616

cdiff27.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 27 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3447

cdiff31.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 31 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3063

cdiff35.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 35 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 2143

cdiff42.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cardiff, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 42 in the sub-registration district of Cardiff, in the Cardiff registration district. Number of records: 3051

bllech.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Blaenllechau, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2 in the sub-registration district of Llanwynno in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 2737

ferndale.xlsTranscription of the 1891 CEBs, Ferndale, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 40, 41, 42 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 4748

cwmclch.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cwm Clydach, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 26, 27, 28 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in

the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 4746

llwynyp.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llwynypia, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 24 in the sub-registration district of Ystradyfodwg in the Pontypridd registration district. Number of records: 2450

dowlais.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Dowlais, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 in the sub-registration district of Upper Merthyr Tydfil in the Merthyr Tydfil registration district. Number of records: 6867

pontad.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Pontardawe, Glamorgan, comprising enumeration district no. 10 in the sub-registration district of Pontardawe in the Pontardawe registration district. Number of records: 1485

cwmaman.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Cwmaman, Carmarthenshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 3 (part of) and 15, in the sub-registration district of Llandybïe in the Llandeilo Fawr registration district. Number of records: 1445

fishg.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3 in the sub-registration district of Fishguard in the Haverfordwest registration district. Number of records: 1485

aber1.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 2307

aber2.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 3245

aber3.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 11 in the sub-registration district of Aberystwyth in the Aberystwyth registration district. Number of records: 1351

tregaron.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Tregaron, Cardiganshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the sub-registration district of Tregaron and enumeration districts nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in the sub-registration district of Gwnnws in the Tregaron registration district. Number of records: 3443

builthw.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Builth Wells, Breconshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2,

3 in the sub-registration district of Builth in the Builth registration district. Number of records: 1712

llanidl.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Upper Llanidloes and enumeration districts nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 in the sub-registration district of Lower Llanidloes in the Newtown registration district. Number of records: 2574

rhyl10.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 10 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 608

rhyl11.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 11 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 793

rhyl12.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 12 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 590

rhyl13.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 13 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 414

rhyl14.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 14 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 871

rhyl15.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 15 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 732

rhyl16.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 16 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 1336

rhyl17.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhyl, Flintshire, comprising enumeration district no. 17 in the sub-registration district of St. Asaph in the St. Asaph registration district. Number of records: 680

rhos.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Rhosllannerchrugog, Denbighshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 in the sub-registration district of Ruabon in the Wrexham registration district. Number of records: 6578

llymaw.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Llanymawddwy, Merionethshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 5, 6 in the sub-registration district of Tal-y-llyn in the Dolgellau registration district. Number of records: 448

blff.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Blaenau Ffestiniog, Merionethshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 4, 5 in the sub-registration district of Ffestiniog in the Ffestiniog registration district. Number of records: 4456

port.xls Trancription of the 1891 CEBs, Porthmadog, Caernarfonshire, comprising enumeration districts nos. 8, 9, and Shipping Schedules (SS) in the sub-registration districts of Tremadog in the Ffestiniog registration district. Number of records: 3517

trefdr.xls Transcription of the 1891 CEBs, Trefdraeth, Anglesey, comprising enumeration districts nos. 27, 28 in the sub-registration district of Beaumaris in the Bangor registration district. Number of records: 802

CODES

Relationship to head of household

AN Aunt JM JourneymanAP Apprentice LG LodgerAS Assistant MA MatronBD Boarder MT MistressBL Brother-in-law MO MotherBR Brother ML Mother-in-lawCI Sister NC NieceCL Sister-in-law NP NephewCK Clerk NS NurseCM Companion OR OrphanCO Cousin PN PartnerCP Casual Pauper PT PatientCT Caretaker PO PorterCU Curate PS PrisonerDA Daughter PP PupilDD Adopted Daughter RE RelationDL Daughter-in-law SH ScholarDS Adopted Son ST SchoolteacherEM Employee SV ServantFA Father SVD Servant’s daughterFL Father-in-law SVS Servant’s sonFM Foreman SVW Servant’s wifeFR Friend SO SonGO Governess SL Son-in-lawGD Grand-daughter SB Step-brotherGF Grandfather SC Step-sisterGM Grandmother SD Step-daughterGGD Great-grand-daughter SF Step-fatherGGS Great-grandson SM Step-motherGS Grandson SS Step-sonGA Great-aunt SG StrangerGU Great-uncle TE TeacherGN Grand-niece TR TravellerGR Groom UC UncleGT Guest VA VagrantHB Half-brother WC Wife’s sisterHC Half-sister WK WorkerHD HeadHK HousekeeperHU HusbandIM Inmate

Country/County of Birth

Wales (WAL)

AGY Anglesey DEN Denbighshire MGYMontgomeryshire

BRE Breconshire FLN Flintshire PEMPembrokeshire

CAE Caernarfonshire GLA Glamorgan RAD RadnorshireCGN Cardiganshire MER Merionethshire SWA South Wales

England (ENG)

BDF Bedfordshire HRT Hertfordshire SOMSomerset

BRK Berkshire HUN Huntingdonshire STS StaffordshireBKM Buckinghamshire KEN Kent SFK SuffolkCAM Cambridgeshire LAN Lancashire SRY SurreyCHS Cheshire LEI Leicestershire SSX SussexCON Cornwall LIN Lincolnshire WAR

WarwickshireCUL Cumberland LND London WES

WestmorlandDBY Derbyshire MDX Middlesex WIL WiltshireDEV Devonshire NFK Norfolk WOR

WorcestershireDOR Dorset NTH Northamptonshire YKS

YorkshireDUR Durham NBL Northumberlands. ERY Yks East RidingESS Essex NTT Nottinghamshire NRY Yks North RidingGLS Gloucestershire OXF Oxfordshire WRY Yks West RidingHAM Hampshire RUT Rutland IOW Isle of WightHEF Herefordshire SAL Shropshire IOM Isle of Man

Others

AS At SeaALD AlderneyAFR AfricaARG ArgentinaAUS AustraliaBAR BarbadosBAV Bavaria

BEL BelgiumBER BermudaBRA BrazilBRIT British IslesBRT BrittanyCAN CanadaCHA Channel IslandsCHI ChileDMK DenmarkEIN East IndiesFIN FinlandFRA FranceGER GermanyGIB GibraltarGRE GreeceGSY GuernseyHOL HollandIND IndiaITA ItalyIRE IrelandIST IstanbulJSY JerseyLUX LuxembourgMAL MaltaMAU MauritiusNET NetherlandsNEW NewfoundlandNOR NorwayNOV Nova ScotiaNZE New ZealandOST AustriaPAT PatagoniaPER PeruPOL PolandPOR PortugalPRU PrussiaRUS RussiaSAF South AfricaSAM South AmericaSCI Scilly IslesSCO ScotlandSPA SpainSWE SwedenSWI SwitzerlandTAS TasmaniaTUR TurkeyUSA United States of AmericaWIN West Indies

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE DATA FILES

1. Example of the original source2. Examples of how it is represented in the data files