CODES AND STANDARDS

PIPING ENGINEERING

IN

MADHUR MAHAJANPIPING ENGINEER

CODES -:

A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION, WHICH ARE CONVERTED INTO LAW.

STANDARDS:

•A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES SIZES/RATING/JOINING METHODS OF COMPONENTS.

The STDS are mainly of two types:-

Dimensional STDS

Pressure Integrity STDS

DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS:-

• They provide configuration control Information for

components.

• The main purpose of Dimensional STD is to assure

Similar components manufactured by different

supplier will be physically Interchangeable.

• Mainly this document gives dimensions of various parts.

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES:• Recommended Practices prepared by professional group

or committee indicating good engineering practices but which are optional. Companies also develop Guide in order to have consistency in the documentation.

• Each country has its own Codes and Standards. Normally American National standards are most widely used all over the world and compliance with those requirements are accepted globally.

• In India, other than American standards, British standards and Indians are also used for the design and selection of equipment and piping systems.

MAJOR ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDS: Country Organization

• India BIS : Bureau of Indian standards.

• U.S.A ASME : American Society of Mechanical

Engineers

• United Kingdom BSI : British Standards Institute

• Germany DIN : Deutsches Institute for Normung.• Japan JIS : Japanese Industrial Standards

• Europe CEN : Europe Community for Standardization

• Canada CSA : Canadian Standards Association• France AFNOR : Association Francoise

AMERICAN STANDARDS

Commonly used American Standards in Piping

• The American Petroleum Institute (API).• The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI).• The American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM).• The American Welding Society (AWS).• The American Water Works Association (AWWA).• The Manufactures Standardization Society &

Industry-Standards practices (MSS-SP)• The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

(ASME).

Commonly used American CODE in Piping

1. B31.1 - Power Piping Piping for industrial plants and marine applications. This code

prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants.

2. B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping This has been withdrawn as a National Standard and replaced by

ANSI/NFPA Z223.1, but B31.2 is still available from ASME and is a good reference for the design of gas piping systems (from the meter to the appliance).

3. B31.3 - Process Piping

Design of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing chemicals and hydrocarbons, water and steam. This Code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals.

4. B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids

This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers' lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and receiving points.

5. B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components

This Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320 deg F (-196 deg C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled, except as specifically excluded in the following paragraphs.

6.B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection, and testing of pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas. This Code also covers safety aspects of the operation and maintenance of those facilities

7. B31.9 - Building Services Piping

This Code Section has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial and public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in.

8. B31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

Design, construction, inspection, security requirements of slurry piping systems.

Covers piping systems that transport aqueous slurries of no hazardous materials, such as coal, mineral ores and other solids between a slurry processing plant and the receiving plant

9. B31.12 – Hydrogen Piping and pipelines

This Code is applicable to piping in gaseous and

liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service. This Code is applicable up to and including the joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels and equipment but not to the vessels and equipment themselves

10.ASME/ANSI B16 - Standards of Pipes and Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt welding Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.10 - Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves

• ASME/ANSI B16.11 - Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

• ASME/ANSI B16.12 - Cast Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings

• ASME/ANSI B16.14 - Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads

• ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings

•ASME/ANSI B16.18 - Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

•ASME/ANSI B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed

•ASME/ANSI B16.21 - Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

•ASME/ANSI B16.22 - Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

•ASME/ANSI B16.23 - Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)

•ASME/ANSI B16.24 - Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

•ASME/ANSI B16.25 - Butt welding ends

•ASME/ANSI B16.26 - Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

• ASME/ANSI B16.33 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems Up to 125 psig

• ASME/ANSI B16.34 - Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

• ASME/ANSI B16.36 - Orifice Flanges

• ASME/ANSI B16.38 - Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution

• ASME/ANSI B16.39 - Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions

•ASME/ANSI B16.40 - Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas

•ASME/ANSI B16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

•ASME/ANSIB16.44 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House Piping Systems

•ASME/ANSI B16.45 - Cast Iron Fittings for Solvent Drainage Systems

•ASME/ANSI B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60

•ASME/ANSI B16.48 - Steel Line Blanks

•ASME/ANSI B16.49 - 2000 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt welding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems

ASTM STANDARDS 

•ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on definitions & classifications of material of construction and test methods.

ASME section II has four parts.•Part-A Ferrous materials specifications •Part-B Non ferrous metals

specification•Part-C Specification for welding

materials•Part-D Properties of materials

•In Part II, the materials are listed in the Index based on the available forms such as plates, casting, tubes …

•The selection of ASTM specification depends upon the required manufactures, from of material, its mechanical strength and the corrosion properties.

•The specification number is given on Alphabetical prefix ‘A’ for Ferrous materials and ‘B’ for Non-ferrous materials.

Commonly used Recommended Practices

• MSS-SP-6Standard Finishes for Contact Surface for Flanges.

• MSS-SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt welds Fittings, Stub Ends etc.

• MSS-SP-56 Pipe Hanger Supports: Materials, Design and Manufacture

• MSS-SP-95 Standard for Swage Nipples

• MSS-SP-97 Standard for ‘O” let fittings.

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