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CODE GUIDE 302andGlossary of Industry mrms

A Guide forCode Authoritiesand Others forSelected plumbingand DrainageproductsPLUMBING DRAINAGEINSTI'RJTE45BRISTOL DRIVE SUITE 101SOUTHE&S;gky6 02375

F k * M) 230-3629

THE PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE INSTITUTE1 106 W. 77th St., S. Dr., Indianapolis, Indiana 46260 Telephone: (3 17) 25 I-6970

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PREFACE ADDENDUM:

The Plumbing and Drainage Institute is com-prised of a group of member organizations, eachof which is engaged in the manufacture of prod-ucts for the plumbing industry. The basic aim ofPDI is to contribute its combined talents and re-

sources to the further advancement of plumbingengineering and the plumbing industry.The Code Guide paragraphs in this booklet

describe plumbing devices which are normallyused in plumbing and drainage systems, andshould be included when plumbing codes arewritten and adopted. The Plumbing and Drain-

age Institute has listed these paragraphs so thatthey include the following basic information,plus any additional information required for spe-CFCcc

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

products:

Definition-A general description of the de-

vice and its intended use.

Construction-How the device should be

constructed, and of what materials.

Where Required-In what parts of theplumbing drainage system should this typeof device be used.

Installation-Recommendations regardingwhere and how the device should be in-

stalled.

Reference-Where available, established

Standards have been listed.

Recognizing that many terms used by the speci-fication Plumbing and Drainage Product Indus-try are unfamiliar to others, the Plumbing andDrainage Institute has expanded and revised thismanual to include a comprehensive Glossary ofIndustry Terms. In this glossary, general as wellas specific terms and definitions will be found

in alphabetical order in each product category.Illustrations, where appropriate, have been in-

cluded to clarify certain terms and identify pro-ducts and product components. Each illustra-

tion has a figure number, and specific elementsor components of products illustrated are iden-tified numerically where necessary for clarifica-tion. Even though certain terms apply to morethan one product, numerical identification hasbeen limited, in most cases, to one reference.

The Institute believes the glossary, which be-gins on Page 9, will provide answers to many

questions and serve as a dependable referencefor anyone interested in plumbing.

CONTENTSPage

Air Gap Fittings-Fixed ................................... 1

Backwater Valves ............................................. 1

Cleanouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -2

Fixture Supports ............................................ 2-3

Floor Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Interceptors

Grease.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Sediment (Solids) ..................................... 5-6

Roof DrainsGeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Controlled Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Sleeves-Waterproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Trap Primers-Automatic ...................................... 7-8

Water Hammer Arrestors ....................................... 8

Glossary of Terms .............................................9-17

Copyright 1983

Plumbing and Drainage Institute

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Air Gap Fittings-Fixed

Definition:A fixed air gap fitting is a device designed to pro-vide a rigid connection between indirect wasteand the building drainage system, having an airgap of at least twice the effective diameter of the

drain served to provide free circulation of air andprevent contamination from back siphonage orback flow.

Construction:Fixed air gap fittings shall be made of durablecorrosion resistant materials.

Where Required:All appliances, plumbing fixtures, sterilizers,stills, equipment requiring cooling water, andother apparatus as designated by the Adminis-

trative Authority as having indirect waste con-nections, shall be provided with a fixed air gap

fitting, as defined and described.

Installation:Fixed air gap fittings shall be installed in the ver-tical position in the waste line on the inlet sideof the trap.

Reference:

ANSI Standard Al 12.1, 2-1942 (R1973)

Backwater ValvesDefinition:Backwater valves are devices installed in build-ing drainage systems to prevent backflow.Valves are designed, utilizing a swing check, in

either normally open or normally closed posi-tion.

(Backwater Valves)

Construction:Backwater valves shall be made of durable, cor-rosion resistant materials. Valves must be con-structed as to insure a positive closing actionagainst backflow. Valve access covers shall bebolted or threaded type and the access openingshall be large enough to permit removal of the

internal parts.

Where Required:In any type of building where the plumbingdrainage system may be subject to backflow dueto flooding of building sewers or storm sewers.

Installation:An approved backwater valve shall be installedon the main horizontal building drain, down-

stream from any branch with openings that maybe subjected to flooding, or an approved back-

water valve shall be installed on each branchwith openings that may be subjected to flood-ing. The backwater valve shall be located in theline where it shall be accessible for inspectionand repair at all times.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI-Al 12.14.1-l 975

Cleanouts

Definition:

A cleanout is a device designed to provide ac-cess to horizontal or vertical drainage lines forcleaning and inspection.

Construction:Cleanouts shall be made of durable corrosionresistant materials conforming in thickness to

that required for pipe and fittings of the same

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(Cleanouts)

material. The design shall be such that the clo-sure plug when properly secured will make a gas

and watertight seal. Cleanouts designed for useon concealed piping shall terminate at finishedwall or floor surface with removable accesscover of adequate size to permit removal of plug.Access covers used in floors shall be of sufficientstrength to sustain area traffic.

Where Required:In all sanitary, waste and storm drainage systems.

Installation:Cleanouts shall be installed not more than 50feet apart in horizontal drainage lines of 4-inch

nominal diameter or less and not more than 100feat apart for larger pipes. At each change of di-rection which is greater than 45 degrees, and atthe base of each vertical soil or waste stack or asdetermined by the Administrative Authority, an

accessible cleanout shall be installed.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI-Al 12.36.2-1975

Fixture Supports (Carriers)

Definition:A device that can be normally concealed in the

building construction, designed to support off-the-floor plumbing fixtures independent of thewall or partition.

Construction:Fixture supports (carriers) shall be designed andconstructed to meet the following requirements.All items are to be of the material specified suit-able for installation and service in the place spe-cified. The castings for all components shall besound, free of blow holes, cold shuts and otherimperfections, and shall be of uniform wall thick-

ness and true to pattern. They shall also be cleanand free of fins.

(Fixture Supports)

1. Water Closets-Supports for off-the-floorclosets shall be a combination waste fitting

and support assembly and incorporate as aminimum a support structure complete withfasteners to mount and connect the closet,fitting and conduit means for carrying thewaste from the closet into the waste line,means to tie the assembly to the structural

floor slab, any necessary gasketing, and thecombination shall provide an assembly thatwill support the fixture independent of thewall or partition and that can be fully con-cealed in the buildina construction.

2. Urinals-Supports for off-the-floor mens

urinals shall be of the chair carrier type. The

carrier shall provide the necessary means for

mounting the fixture, a foot or feet to anchorthe assembly to the floor slab, adjustability tolocate the fixture at the desired height and in

relation to the wall, and be designed to rigidlysupport the fixture under normal usage with-out damaging stress on the wall structure orwall finish.

3. Lavatories-Supports for off-the-floor lava-

tories and fixtures similar in size, design, anduse shall be of the chair carrier type. The car-rier shall provide the necessary means formounting the fixture, a foot or feet to anchorthe assembly to the floor slab, adjustability tolocate the fixture at the desired height and in

relation to the wall, and be designed to rigidlysupport the fixture under normal usage with-out damaging stress on the wall structure orwall finish.

4. Sinks-Supports for sinks and similar fixtures

larger in size than conventional lavatoriesshall be of the chair carrier type. The carrier

shall provide the necessary means to mountthe fixture, feet to anchor the assembly to thefloor slab, adjustability to locate the fixture atthe desired height and in relation to the wall.

Where Required:In all public buildings off-the-floor fixtures mustbe supported by devices described herein.

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(Fixture Supports)

Installation:Fixture supports shall be installed in accordancewith manufacturers instructions.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI-Al 12.6.1 M-l 979

Floor Drains

Definition:A manufactured receptacle designed to receiveand convey run-off water or other liquid frombuilding floors to the drainage system.

Construction:Floor drains shall be constructed of cast iron,bronze or other durable corrosion resistantmaterials.

All internal surfaces shall be sloped to outletto facilitate drainage.

Floor drains installed in rooms which are re-quired to have waterproof floors shall have an

integral flange, seepage openings and clampingdevice which will securely clamp the waterproofmembrane. Each floor drain grate must be loadrated to safely bear the maximum anticipatedload which will pass over it.

Floor drains which receive debris laden wastewater shall have a suitable sediment bucket inthe drain body, which will intercept and retain

this debris.

Where Required:All areas which are subject to water spillage,

overflow of washing equipment or cleaningwater shall have an approved floor drain in-stalled.

Every public restroom shall have not less thanone (1) approved floor drain connected to thesanitary system. One floor drain shall be in-

stalled for each 400 sq. ft. of floor area or majorfraction thereof.

(Floor Drains)

Food Handling Areas:All areas where food is either handled or pro-cessed shall have sanitary types of floor drains

installed. Sanitary floor drains must have an acidresistant porcelain enamel interior, (or equiva-lent, as approved by the Administrative Author-ity), and either a bronze or nickel bronze top rim

and grate. Food scraps, peelings and miscellan-eous kitchen debris shall be intercepted by asediment bucket inserted in drain body. Sedi-ment bucket must be easily removable to permitfrequent cleaning.

Installation:Floor drains must be installed at the low points ofthe areas to be drained, with tops of drains setflush with finished floor. Drains must be easilyaccessible for maintenance.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI-Al 12.21 .1M-1980

Hydrants

Definition:A hydrant is a device to provide a water supplywith a shut-off valve and with a means to connecta hose in a safe and sanitary manner.

Construction:Hydrants shall be designed to pass through wallsor extend out of the ground and may terminateflush with or extend beyond the respective sur-

faces. All hydrants terminating in areas subjectto freezing temperatures shall be designed tooperate in these temperatures. Hydrants shall be

designed so the seats, seat washers and otherparts subject to wear can be replaced from theface of the hydrant without removing the hydrantfrom its installed position. Hydrants shall be con-structed of durable corrosion-resistant materialsand shall be key operated. Hydrants shall beequipped with an approved vacuum breaker

when required by the Administrative Authority.

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(Hydrants)

Where Required:All public and commercial buildings andgrounds where water outlets are required shall

be equipped with approved hydrants as de-scribed herein.

Installation:

Wall hydrants shall be installed with valves ex-posed in heated area of buildings, and ground orpost type hydrants shall be installed with valvesbelow frost line to prevent freezing. Hydrantsshall be installed and spaced as required forpractical use.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI Al 12.21.3-1976ANSI/ASSE Standard No. 1019-l 978

Interceptors-Grease

Definition:A grease interceptor is a device to separate andretain light density liquids, (grease, fats, cookingoils, etc.), for easy removal.

Construction:

Grease interceptors shall be made of durablecorrosion resistant materials. They shall have adouble wall trap partition, and a gas and watertight cover securely fastened in place with easymeans of manual or automatic removal ofgrease.

Where Required:All institutions or commercial establishments inwhich grease, fats or oils are waste products offood cookery or processing, or in which grease,fats or oils are wasted, in connection with uten-

sils, vat, dish or floor cleaning processes, thatmay be detrimental to the building drainage sys-tem, the public or private sewer or sewage treat-ment plant and any receiving watercourse, shallinstall grease interceptors of approved type.Typical applications are restaurants-pot andpan sinks, dishwashers, animal slaughtering

houses-meat processing plants.

(Interceptors-Grease)

Installation:Where practical and feasible one interceptorshall be provided for each fixture or unit of equip-

ment that discharges grease, fat and/or emulsi-fied grease laden waste. However, where neces-sary, the Administrative Authority may approvegrouping of two or more fixtures or units on a

single interceptor, subject to approval of the in-terceptor size and proper installation of flowcontrol as stated herein. The interceptor shall, inall instances, be installed as close as possible tothe fixture or unit served.

Flow Control:A device which controls the rate of flow throughan interceptor shall be installed at the fixture soas to be readily accessible for inspection, service

or cleaning. It shall be installed in accordancewith the manufacturers recommendation. Whenwaste from two or more fixtures, located closetogether, is combined to be served by oneinterceptor, a single flow control fitting should beused.

Servicing:Grease interceptors shall be of the type that canbe cleaned of grease in a short period of time. In-terceptors shall be easily accessible for cleaningand the accumulated materials shall be removedat such intervals as may be necessary to insuretheir exclusion from the sewage system.

Prohibited Types and Locations:Water cooled grease interceptors shall not beinstalled. Grease interceptor shall not be in-stalled where surrounding temperatures underoperating conditions are less than 40F. Greaseinterceptor shall not receive the discharge froma food waste grinder.

Capacity:Grease interceptors shall have the grease reten-tion capacity for the specified flow through rateas indicated in the following table and stipulatedin Standard PDI-GlOl, unless they are of theautomatic drawoff type, where sizing shall be

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(Interceptors-Grease)

according to flow rates as stated by manufac-

turer subject to acceptance by the Administra-tive Authority.

Capacity of Grease Interceptors

Total Flow-ThroughRating in GPM

47101520

2535

50

Grease RetentionCapacity Lbs.

81420

30

40

50

70100

Reference:

PDI Standard G-101

Interceptors andSeparators-Oil

Definition:An oil interceptor is a device to separate lightdensity oils from waste water and retain and di-vert same to a storage tank.

Construction:Oil interceptors shall be made of durable corro-sion resistant materials. They shall have a meansof retaining solids, be fitted with a gas tightcover, have a double wall deep seal trap partition,an automatic means of diverting intercepted oilsto a storage tank, and minimum 2 size dual ventconnection in the main separating chamber.

Where Required:At all commercial, storage or repair garages,

gasoline stations with grease and service facil-ities, and at factories, processing plants, etc., asrequired by the Administrative Authority whereoil bearing wastes are produced, oil interceptorsas defined and described shall be installed to in-tercept and separate these wastes from wastewater entering the building drainage system,

municipal sewer or other point of disposal.

(Interceptors and Separators-Oil)

Installation:Oil interceptors and separators of size and typedescribed shall be installed, subject to approvalof the Administrative Authority, in the drainageline with a flow control and venting to atmos-phere.

Flow Control:A device which controls the rate of flow throughan interceptor shall be installed ahead of the in-terceptor in an accessible location for inspectionand service. It shall be installed in accordancewith the manufacturers recommendations.

Servicing:Oil interceptors and separators shall be so in-stalled as to be readily accessible for servicingand maintenance and the accumulated sediment

shall be removed at such intervals as necessary

to insure exclusion from the sewage system andefficient operation of the interceptor.

Sizing:Oil interceptors and separators shall be sized in

accordance with manufacturers G.P.M. rating,subject to approval by the Administrative Au-thority, to handle the anticipated maximum gal-lon per minute flow of oil laden water that will bedischarged through all drains served.

Reference: None

Interceptors-Sediment (Solids)

Definition:A sediment interceptor is a device to separateand retain solids such as plaster, broken glass,

hair, lint, or other materials detrimental to thesewage system.

Construction:Sediment interceptors shall be made of durablecorrosion-resistant materials, and shall beequipped with a basket, screens or similar inter-cepting device which is removable for cleaning.

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(Interceptors-Sediment/Solids)

Where Required:All bottling establishments, slaughter houses,barber shops, laboratories and other similar lo-cations as required by the Administrative Au-thority where wastes bearing plaster, hair, lint,entrails, broken glass, strings or other solids areproduced, shall install sediment interceptors as

defined and described to separate solids fromwaste water entering the building drainage sys-tem, municipal sewer or other point of disposal.

Installation:Sediment interceptors shall be installed whererequired, and located, accessible for easy clean-ing, subject to approval of the AdministrativeAuthority. On lavatories and sinks the sedimentinterceptor shall provide a trap seal within thebody to serve as the fixture trap.

Reference: None

Roof DrainsGeneral Purpose, Parapet,Gutter, Cornice, Deck andControl Flow

Definition:A roof drain is a receptacle designed to receiveand convey rain water from roof areas to thedrainage system.

Construction:Roof drains shall be constructed of cast iron,brass or other durable corrosion resisting mate-rial. General purpose roof drains shall consist ofdrain body sump, combination flashing ring andgravel stop and dome extending not less than 4above the surface of the roof immediately adja-cent and shall have available inlet area not lessthan 1 1/2 times the area of the leader or con-

(Roof Drains)

ductor to which the roof drain is connected. Roofdrains installed in special areas such as para-

pets, gutters, cornices and decks shall be thetype designed for the specific purpose. Deckroof drains with flat strainers shall have availableinlet area not less than two times the area of theleader or conductor to which the deck roof drainis connected.

Installation-General Purpose:Roof drains shall be located and sized on thebasis of actual maximum projected roof areasand a fixed allowable area for each size verticalconductor or leader and each size horizontalbuilding storm drain based on local rainfall in-tensities.

Where Required:

On all roof areas of commercial buildings exclu-sive of those specifically designed for gutters

and exterior down spouts.

Reference:

ANSI Standard ANSI Al 12.21.2-1971

Controlled Flow RoofDrain Systems

Application:In lieu of sizing the roof storm drainage systemon the basis of actual maximum projected roofareas as previously described, the roof drainagesystem, or part thereof, may be sized on adjustedmaximum flow rates which result from con-trolled flow and temporary retention of stormwater on the roof, provided control devices ap-proved by Administrative Authority are used andthe roof design conforms to the requirementsprovided below. Controlled flow drains may beused on dead flat roofs or sloping roofs whereslopes are small in the order of l/8 to l/4 per foot.

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(Controlled Flow Roof Drain Systems)

Design Limitations:All control flow devices shall be mathematicallyrelated to the U.S. Weather Bureau Rainfall In-tensity-Duration-Frequency data so that waterdepths on the roof, flow rates through the drains,

and drain-down times can be accurately pre-dicted for any desired design limitations. Vertical

leaders and horizontal drains shall be sized in ac-cordance with local codes to handle the maxi-mum flow rate in G.P.M. obtainable through thecontrol flow drains.

Roof Design:Flashing should extend at least 3 above themaximum design water depth to accommodateany wind action and consequent waves. All roofsequipped with controlled flow drainage should

be provided with adequate scuppers or otheroverflow means that will guarantee that the live

load limitations of the roof are not exceeded.

Installation Control FlowDrain Systems:All control flow devices shall be protected bystrainers. The roof surface in the vicinity of thedrain on dead flat roofs shall not be recessed tocreate a reservoir. On roofs with a slight slope thedrains must be located in the valleys created bythe slope but not in a depression created byother than a slight uniform slope.

Location:Control flow drains should be located in accord-ance with manufacturers recommendations.

Reference: None

Sleeves-Waterproof

Definition:A waterproof sleeve is a device designed to pro-vide watertight means for passing pipes throughfloors, walls or roofs.

Construction:Waterproof sleeves shall be of cast iron, brass orother durable corrosion resisting material. A re-cess or other means shall be provided to receive

joint sealant material to waterproof area betweenpipe and sleeve. Sleeves shall have flashingflange and clamp device for securing to water-proof membrane where required.

Where Required:At any location where a pipe passes through awall, floor, or roof where a waterproof seal must

be provided.

Installation:Waterproof sleeves shall be installed in floors,walls or roofs where annular space betweensleeves and pipe must be waterproof.

Reference: None

Trap Primers-Automatic

Definition:An automatic trap primer is a device with an in-

tegral air gap to divert a small portion of the coldwater flowing to a frequently used fixture to awater sealed trap.

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(Trap Primers-Automatic)

Construction:A trap primer shall be designed to install in a coldwater supply line to a lavatory or any other fre-quently used fixture. The trap primer will open in

a positive manner thus diverting a small flow ofwater to the trap. The branch leading to the trapmust be provided with strategically located air

gap to prevent back-siphonage of waste waterinto the supply line. Pressure drop of the normal

flow through the trap primer shall be held to aminimum. The trap primer should be serviceable

without removing it from the line.

Where Required:All drains with wet trap seals and subject to infre-quent use shall be guarded with automatic trapprimers to prevent the unsanitary conditions cre-ated when sewer gases and bacteria escape after

traps dry out due to evaporation.

Installation:

Installation shall be in accordance with manu-facturers recommendations.

Reference:

l ASSE Standard No. 1018 1975American Society of Sanitary Engineering

Water HammerArrestors-Engineered Mechanical Type

Definition:An engineered mechanical water hammer ar-

restor is a device designed to provide continuous

protection in water distribution systems against

excessive surge pressure.

(Water Hammer Arrestors)

Construction:A water hammer arrestor shall be constructed ofdurable corrosion resistant material that will en-

able the unit to provide dependable service.

Where Required:All building water distribution systems shall have

approved engineered mechanical water hammerarrestors installed on the hot and cold lines toreduce shock pressure to a degree that no haz-ard to the piping system will exist and no objec-

tionable noise will be created.

Installation:Approved engineered mechanical water ham-mer arrestors must be installed in accordance

with the Plumbing and Drainage Institute WaterHammer Arrestor Standard PDI-WH 201 and/or

American Society of Sanitary Engineering Water

Hammer Arrestors Standard No. 1010 or theUSASI* (United States of America Standards In-

stitute) No. Al 12.26.1-1969.

Reference:

PDI WH-201-1965 (Revised 1977)*ASSE#l010-March-l967ANSI Standard-ANSI-A-112.26.1-1969 (R1975)

*American Society of Sanitary Engineering

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Glossary of TermsGENERAL TERMSTerms listed in this category are trade terms and termsapplicable to more than one product group as well as mis-cellaneous products. For specif ic terms and single prod-uct oriented general terms, refer to respective productsections.NOTE: The circled number indicates item defined. Illus-trations begin on page 15.Anchor Flange, Fig. 18 @Flange extendinq from side of drain body which an-chors it in floor

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Waterproof Sleeve, Fig. 5A fitting normally with anchor flange, flashing clampdeviceand hub-likecaulking recessat thetopforinstal-lation in floor slabs as a sleeve through which piping ispassed and caulked in place to prevent leakage.Weep Hole, Fig. 19 @See SEEPAGE OPENING.Wide Flange, Fig. 28 @A flange surrounding and slightly below the top rim on

certain drains and cleanouts and adjustable strainers towhich composition deck material is bonded.Backwater ValvesDEFINITIONA device installed in a drain line which prevents backflowwithout obstructing normal flow.TYPESBall Float Check Valve, Fig. 8A backwater valve for vertical installation at outlet offloor drain.Combination Floor Drain and Backwater Valve, Fig. 7A floor drain incorporating an internal swing check orball float valve to prevent backflow.Combination Horizontal Backwater Valve -and ManualGate Valve, Fig. 8A backwater valve for installation in a horizontal drainline incorporating an internal swing check valve andmanual gate valve to prevent backflow.Horizontal Backwater Valve, Fig. 9A backwater valve for installation in a horizontal drainline incorporating an internal swing check valve to pre-vent backflow.Terminal Backwater Valve, Fig. 10A backwater valve for installation at the discharge endof a horizontal drain line incorporating a swing checkvalve to prevent backflow.SPECIFIC TERMSAccess Cover, Fig. 8 @Removable cover, usually at floor level, which permitsaccess to workin parts of the valve.Ball Float, Fig. 8 6 8Buoyant sealing element of valve which seals drainagainst backflow upon internal water level increase.Body, Fig. 9 9Housing ao Ion of valve which contains all workingFia~~rFig 9 @

See k0yATi~G Disc.Gland Plate (Gasketed), Fig. 8 QComponent of manual gate va ve which supports allworking parts.Hinge Arm, Fig. 9 @Component of swing check valve which supports rotat-ing disc.Non-Rising Stem, Fig. 8 @Component of manual gatevalve which supportssheargate and provides vertical adjustment of same.Rotating Disc, Fig. 9 @Component of swing check valve supported by hingearm which closes upon backflow and rotates to dis-lodge debris from seat.Seat, Fig. 9 @Fixed component of backwater valve which completes

seal when mated with rotating disc, shear gate, or ballfloat.Shear Gate, Fig. 8 Q2Manually controlle element of gate valve which sealsagainst backflow and is spade-shaped to cut throughdebris in line upon closure.Spade Gate, Fig. 8See SHEAR GAT PWheel Handle, Fig. 8 @Removable component of manual gate valve through

which valve is controlled.CleanoutsTYPESFloor Cleanout, Fig. 11A device designed to provide access through the flooror slab to horizontal lines for cleaning and inspection.Wail Cleanout, Fig. 12A device designed to provide access through the wallto drainage lines for cleaning and inspection.SPECIFIC TERMSAccess Cover, Fig. 12 @Plate which covers opening in floor orwall which leads

to closure plug.Adjustable Top Assembly, Fig. 11 Q8Used in conjunction with a cleanou ferrule, which ad-justs to meet finished floor level.

Cieanout Tee, Fig. 12 @Tee fitting, installed in vertical or horizontal lines, witha suitable closure plug in run of tee to permit accessto said lines.Closure Plug, Fig. 11 Q0Plug installed in ferru e to effect a water- and gas-tightseal-when removed, permits access to sewer line forcleaning or inspection. Seal may be NPT thread orNPSL with gasket.Ferrule (Fitting), Fig. 11

Q1

Fitting which receives c osure plug and functions astransition piece, connectin to drain-line piping.Heavy Duty Cover, Fig. 11 632Cover that sets flush wit floor, which withstandsheavy traffic of large trucks and forklifts without beingdistorted.inside Caulk (Ferrule)Connection made by inserting plain end pipe in ferruleand caulking through closure plug entrance.Lead Seal Closure PlugSee CLOSURE PLUG.Recessed Cover for TileCover recessed to receive material of finished floor.Spigot Connection (Ferrule), Fig. 11 @

Male plain end outlet for caulking into soil hubs or forconnecting with No-Hub clamp.Fixture Supports (Carriers)DEFINITIONA device that can be normally concealed in the buildingconstruction, designed to support off-the-floor plumbingfixtures independent of the wall partition.TYPESChair Carrier, Fig. 13, 15, 18A support for an off-the-floor fixture other than waterclosets and womens urinals.

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Combination Water Closet Support and Fitting, Fig. 14An assembly for supporting off-the-floor water closetsand womens urinals which includes both support andwaste fitting components.Water Closet Carrier, Fig. 14A concealed support for an off-the-floor water closet.SPECIFIC TERMSAlignment Truss, Fig. 16 @A structural member of a carrier designed to maintain

proper spacing of other carrier components.Bearing Plate, Fig. 16 3Qplate attached to t e uprights with provisions forbearing studs.Bearing Studs, Fig. 16 @Studs attached to the bearing plate to hold the fixture

off the wall.Concealed Arm, Fig. 13 @The fixture supporting member extending horizontallyfrom the upper end of a chair carrier upright (stan-chion) which is concealed in the fixture.Coupling, Fig. 14 34he component w ich compresses the fixture gasketand provides the conduit means for waste between thefixture and faceplate.Exposed Arm, Fig. 15 @The fixture supporting member extending horizontallyfrom the upper end of a chair carrier upright (stan-chion) and fully or partially exposed to view.Faceplate, Fig. 14 @That part of a earner which holds the fixture bolts and,in a combination water closet support and fitting, sealsthe fitting branch opening. In the combination supportand fitting, the faceplate may carry the fixture bolts aswell as seal the branch opening.Fitting, Fig. 14 @The sanitary waste fitting component of acombinationwater closet support and fitting.Fixture Bolts, Fig. 14 @

The stud members on which the fixture is mounted.Fixture Gasket, Fig. 14 434he sealing element be ween fixture and coupling.Foot, Fig. 14 @A member of a carrier, designed to rest on the floor orslab in a concealed location to anchor and support theassembly.Hanger Plate, Fig. 16 @That part of a carrier located between the upper end ofthe uprights with provisions for mounting the fixturehanger furnished by the fixture manufacturer.Header, Fig. 13 @The component of a chair carrier that ties the arm orother fixture support to the upright.Leveling Screws, Fig. 13 @Screws located in a carrier arm which bear on the fix-ture to level and support it in relation to the floor.Locking Device, Fig. 13 @A device which secures a lavatory or sink to a carrierarm.Upright, Fig. 13 @The vertical component of a chair carrier which ismounted on the foot and carries the header.Water Closet Gasket, Fig. 14 @See FIXTURE GASKET.

Floor DrainsTYPESAdjustable Floor Drain, Fig. 17A floor drain designed for use in finished floorareas in-cluding showers, with a nonferrous adjustable strainerand a seepage flange on the body.Area Drain, Fig. 16A drain designed to receive and convey run-off water

or other liquid from the areas immediately adjacent tothe building structure to the drainage system.Floor Drain, Fig. 19A drain designed to receive and convey run-off wateror other liquid from building floors to the drainagesystem.Sanitary Floor Drain, Fig. 20A floor drain with smooth interior, free of crevices, de-pressions, offsets, and coated with acid resistant por-celain enamel or an equivalent coating, equipped witha nonferrous or enameled iron top grate which is easilyremoved for cleaning of the interior surfaces.Trench Drain, Fig. 21A long, narrow manufactured sectional drain designed

to receive and convey to the drainage system run-offwater or other liquids from a broad, flat area inside of orimmediately adjacent to the building structure.

GENERAL TERMSExtra Heavy DutyTop loading classification for floor drain grates de-signed to support live wheel loads from 7,500to 10,000pounds.Grate Free AreaTotal area of the drainage openings in the grate.Heavy DutyTop loading classification for floor drain grates de-signed to support live wheel loads from 5,000 to 7,499pounds.Light DutyTop loading classification for floor drain grates de-signed to support loads less than 2,000 pounds.Medium DutyTop loading classification for floor drain grates de-signed to support live wheel loads from 2,000 to 4,999pounds.SPECIFIC TERMSAdjustable Strainer Assembly, Fig. 17 @Usually nonferrous, threaded shank floor drain top as-sembly with grate, adjustable to finished floor level.Angle Strainer Assembly, Fig. 22 @Strainer with drainage openings in both the horizontal

and vertical planes set in floor-wail intersection whichpermits drainage through vertical openings if flooropenings are blocked. See ADJUSTABLE STRAINERASSEMBLY.Backwater Valve, Fig. 7 @Flap or float type device m drain body to prevent back-flow of sewage or storm water into the building.Closure Plug, Fig. 23 @Water- and gas-tight plug installed in outlet of drain,when required for testing purposes or prevention ofstoppage of intermittent use drain lines.

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Dome Bottom Strainer, Fig. 24 @Hemispherically shaped strainer, set in bottom of drainwhich serves to reduce splashing, intercepts debriswhich passes through top grate openings. Large freearea (height) prevents clogging while assuring maxi-mum flow.Dome Grate, Fig. 25 @Convex grate with available free area above floor levelfor drainage if debris collects around base of grate.Extension (Spacer Section), Fig. 21 @Trench drain sections which do not havean outlet con-nection and whose purpose is only to extend the lengthof trench drain assembly.Flat Bottom Strainer

Grate placed at bottom of drain body to interceptdebris which may pass throu h top grate openings.Floor Level Cleanout, Fig. 7 058A device included in some oor drains with trappedoutlet which permits access to drain line from finishedfloor level.Flushing ConnectionWater connection in side of drain body or to flushingrim which allows water to be passed into drain bodywith the intent to flush solids and clean walls of drain.Funnel, Fig. 29 @Serves as an indirect waste or a condensate drip re-ceiver when attached to the top of a floor drain grate.Indirect Waste ReceptorReceptor which receives discharge pipe which is notdirectly connected to receptor but maintainsasuitableair gap from end of pipe to top of drain.Outlet Section, Fig. 21 880Section in trench drain odyassembly in which an out-let connection to connecting drainSecondary Dome Strainer, Fig. 24 d

ipe is provided.5

See DOME BOTTOM STRAINER.Secondary StrainerSee FLAT BOTTOM STRAINER.Sediment Bucket, Fig. 19 @A removable container with openings for passage ofliquids, which is set under top grate in drain body tointercept debris which may pass through top grateopenings and clog drain line.Strainer Grate, Fig. 17 @A grate which completes the top of an adjustablestrainer assembly. See ADJUSTABLE STRAINERASSEMBLY.Tractor Grate, Fig. 19 @Heavy duty grate or solid cover with deep set rimwhich, when set in body recess, will not pop out whenheavy moving load passes over it.Trap Primer Connection, Fig. 29 @

Tapped (internally threaded) boss on body for connec-tion of pipe line from trap primer valve to provide waterfor the trap to replenish that which has evaporated.

HydrantsDEFINITIONManufactured device which conveys water from supplypipe to a hose thread outlet, incorporating a valve(s) with

opening and closing means at point of use, with all work-ing parts accessible for maintenance. Said means to be aremovable (loose set) operating key engaging a recessedoperating stem.TYPESHot and Cold Non-Freeze Wall Hydrant, Concealed CSutletA device, having hot and cold water inlet connections,for installation in building walls with outlet concealed,in which the valves are operable at temperatures below

32F (OC).Hot and Cold Wail Hydrant for Moderate Climate, Con-cealed OutletA device having hot and cold water inlet connectionsfor installation in building walls with outlet concealed,in which the valves are not operable at valve body tem-peratures below 32F (0C).Non-Freeze Ground (Yard) Hydrant, Concealed Outlet,Fig. 30A device for installation in ground with outlet con-cealed at grade and inlet below frost line, in which thevalve is operable at temperatures below 32F (OC).Non-Freeze Ground (Yard), Post Hydrant, Exposed Out-let, Fig. 31A device for installation in ground with outlet extendedabove grade and inlet below frost line, in which thevalve is operable at temperatures below 32F (OOC).Non-Freeze Wall Hydrant, Automatic Draining, Anti-Backflow TypeA device for installation in building walls with outletexposed or concealed, in which thevalve isoperable attemperatures below 32F (OC), for the protection ofthe potable water supply against pollution by backflowthrough the hose threaded outlet.Non-Freeze Wall Hydrant, Concealed Outlet, Fig. 32A device for installation in building walls with outletconcealed, in which the valve is operable at tempera-tures below 32F (OOC).Non-Freeze Wall Hydrant, Exposed Outlet

A device for installation in building walls with outletexposed, in which thevalve is operable at temperaturesbelow 32F (OC).Wall Hydrant for Moderate Climate, Concealed OutletA device for installation in building walls with outletconcealed, in which the valve is not operable at valvebody temperatures below 32F (O(Z).GENERAL TERMSBackflowA reversal of the normal and intended direction of flowof water in a pipe line.Backflow PreventerA device or means to prevent backflow of water in pipelines.Back PressureA pressure applying a force in a direction opposite thenormal flow direction.Back Pressure BackflowA reversal of the normal and intended direction of flowcaused by back pressure.Back-SiphonageThe application of the siphon principle in a water sup-ply line which produces a flow of water in the directionopposite that normally produced by the force ofgravity.

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Back-Siphonage PreventerSee VACUUM BREAKER.Cross-ConnectionAny connection to a potable water supply systemthrough which potable water is supplied to a serviceoutlet and through which contaminants unfit for hu-man consumption can enter the potable water lines byback pressure or back-siphonage backflow.Vacuum Breaker

A device or means in a water supply line which openswhen there is loss of pressure allowing air to enter thepipe line at atmospheric pressure and prevent back-siphonage should the supply pressure tend to fall tosub-atmospheric, and which has the added capabili-ties for preventing back pressure backflow should apressure in the hose develop in excess of the supplypressure.SPECIFIC TERMSBox (for Concealed Heads), Fig. 32 @A functional box to enclose the hydrant head, conceal-ing the nozzle for a flush fully-encased installation.Casing, Fig. 32 4The sleeve whlc provides the conduit for water be-

tween the head and valve housing.Head, Fig. 32 @That part of hydrant having threaded nozzle connec-tion for attaching hose.Hose Thread Outlet, Fig. 32 Q6The connector that permits t e hose to be attached tothe hydrant.Inlet, Fig. 32 QThat part of ydrant having a connection to supplywater to the unit.Inlet Connection, Fig. 32 @The connector that varies depending on size and typeof water supply pipe.Operating Key, Fig. 32 @

A device to manually open and close off flow of waterfrom hydrant.Operating Mechanism, Fig. 32 Qhe mechanism which, throug operating key, regu-lates movement of the operating rod to open and closevalve.Operating Rod (Stem), Fig. 32 @The rod that connects operating mechanism to valve.Wall Clamp, Fig. 32 @An adjustable part to secure hydrant in wall and meetvarious wall thickness by adjustment on casing.Valve, Fig. 32 5That part Qf t e hydrant which opens or closes thewater way.Valve Housing, Fig. 32 QThat part of the hydran near the inlet which containsthe valve.Valve Seat, Fig. 32 @That part of the valve which provides the seal onclosure.InterceptorsTYPESGrease-Interceptor, Fig. 33A device to separate and retain light density liquids,

grease, fats, cooking oils, etc. from waste water foreasy removal.

Oil-Interceptor, Fig. 34A device to separate light density oils from waste waterand retain and divert same to a storage tank.Sediment (Solids) Interceptor, Fig. 35A device which separates from waste water, solidssuch as plaster, broken glass, hair, lint, or other mate-rials detrimental to the sewage system.SPECIFIC TERMSAdjustable Gravity Oil Drawoff, Fig. 34 QA device for diverting the separated lig t density oilsin interceptor to a storage tank.Air Relief, Fig. 33 @A port to relieve air pressure built up inside an inter-ceptor body.Baffles, Fig. 33 @Part(s) of the unit that facilitate trapping and separa-tion of the grease, fats and oils from the waste water.Flow Control FittingA device installed upstream from the interceptor hav-ing an orifice and air intake which controls the rate offlow through the interceptor.Removable Screens, Fig. 35 @The retaining element in a sediment interceptor forseparating solids and other material to prevent samefrom entering the sewage system.Sediment Basket, Fig. 35 @That part in an interceptorwhich collects chip particlesand/or other sediment that could clog the drainageVe~~y~~~ectlon, Fig. 34 @A means to connect vent piping to provide the flow ofthe air and permit odor to escape from the interceptor.

Roof DrainsTYPESGutter or Cornice Roof Drain, Fig. 36A roof drain for installation in gutters, cornices, bal-conies and other overhanging construction to preventoverflow to areas below.Parapet Roof Drain, Fig. 37A roof drain for installation in parapets for conveyingrainwater from a roof area through the parapet.Promenade or Deck Drain, Fig. 36A roof drain for installation in roof decks subject topedestrian or vehicular traffic.Standard or General Purpose Roof Drain, Fig. 39A roof drain for installation in any roof area excluding

the parapet of the roof structure.SPECIFIC TERMSBearing Pan, Fig. 39 864See SUMP RECEIVEDam, Fig. 39 65Qsolid ring a tached to clamping device to maintain aspecific water depth on roof or to serve as an overflow.Dome, Fig. 39 @A convex strainer with sufficient free area above itsbase, which permits continuous roof drainage if debriscollects around drain.

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Expansion Joint, Fig. 40Device which compensates for thermal expansion inroof or piping connected to roof drain.Flow Weir, Fig. 41 @Collar with openings designed to restrict drainage tometered amounts to prevent sewer overload.Gravel Guard (Stop), Fig. 41 @That portion of the clamping device which restrictspassage of roof gravel into drainage system.Promenade Top, Fig. 38 Q9Square or round top with lat grate for roof drains whenused on promenade or walking decks.Sump (Drain) Receiver, Fig. 39 @A device which receives and umformly supports roofdrain, distributing weight of drain over larger area ofroof.Underdeck Clamp, Fig. 41 @Clamp device used to secure drain to roof deck to pre-vent vertical movement and possible roofing or mem-brane breakage around drain.Water Hammer ArrestersDEFINITION, (see Fig. 42, 43, 44)A manufactured device, other than an air chamber con-taining a permanently sealed cushion of gas or air de-signed to provide continuous protection against exces-sive surge pressure without maintenance.GENERAL TERMSAir ChamberA closed section of pipe or other container designed totrap air at atmospheric pressure when mounted on atee in a water supply line and intended to reduce waterhammer pressures.Calculated Air ChamberAn air chamber designed in accordance with the Daw-son 8 Kalinske formula for air chambers for reducingwater hammer pressures.Fixture UnitA measure of the probable hydraulic demand on thewater supply by various types of plumbing fixtures.The supply fixture unit for a particular fixture depends

on its volume rate of supply, on the time duration of asingle supply operation, and on the average time be-tween successive operations.Flow PressureThe gauge pressure in a flowing water supply line im-mediately upstream of a fixture valve which is open andflowing.Gauge PressurePressure in pounds per square inch or kPa, above at-mospheric pressure; the pressure as indicated by a

simple Bourdon tube pressure gauge.Shock Absorber, Fig. 42, 43, 44See WATER HAMMER ARRESTER, DEFINITION.

Shock PressureThe maximum gauge pressure developed in a watersupply line during shock caused by rapid valve closure.Static PressureThe pressure in pounds per square inch in a dormantor non-flowing branch line.Surge PressureSee SHOCK PRESSURE.Water HammerThe term used to describe the destructive forces, aud-ible pounding and vibration which develop in a pipingsystem when a column of non-compressible liquidflowing through a pipe line at a given pressure andvelocity is abruptly stopped.WaterloggedCondition of an air chamber when all or part of its nor-mal air content has been displaced by water thus im-pairing its efficiency.SPECIFIC TERMSBellows, Fig. 42 @The flexible element of bellows form in some types ofwater hammer arresters which separates the displace-ment cushion from the surge chamber.Bladder, Fig. 43 8he compressib e element of bladder form in sometypes of water hammer arresters which contains thedisplacement cushion and separates it from the surgechamber.Compression Chamber, Fig. 42 @That portion, within the casing or shell, of a waterhammer arrester which contains the displacementcushion.Diaphragm, Fig. 44 Q4The flexible elemen of diaphragm form in some typesof water hammer arresters which separates the dis-placement cushion from the surge chamber.Displacement CushionCompressible gas or air contained under pressure inthe compression chamber of a water hammer arresterto absorb the shock pressure.Displacement FluidUsed in some water hammer arresters as an interfacebetween the displacement cushion and the flexibleelement.Hydraulic FluidSee DISPLACEMENT FLUID.Surge Chamber, Fig. 44 @That portion within awater hammerarresterwhich is indirect fluid communication with the piping systemwhich receives the fluid surge for suppression.Surge Control Orifice, Fig. 42 Q6A restricted opening at the inle of some water hammer

arresters provided to decrease the rate of pressurechange of the liquid flowing between the surge cham-ber and the pipe system.

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