Coban: Environmental Impacts of Power Industry Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät ET/IT...

Coban: Environmental Impacts of Power Industry

Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät ET/IT

Professur Energie- und Hochspannungstechnik 1

Lifelong Learning ProgrammeErasmus

Intensive Programme (IP)

Environmental Impacts of Power Industry:

A North American point of view

M. Sc. Selma Coban

Pernink, den 25.05.2009


Professur Energie- und Hochspannungstechnik

Population in Québec, Canada and the United States




Nation Area( km2 )

Germany 357 021

Canada 9 984 670

Québec 1 542 056




Waterfalls - Chutes-de-la-Chaudière, Charny, Québec city

A small 24 MW power station

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Generating options, 2005USA

INSTALLED CAPACITY: 1,067,000 MW

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ELECTRICITY GENERATION : 4,055 TWh




CANADAINSTALLED CAPACITY: 121,000 MW

ELECTRICITY GENERATION : 597 TWh




QUÉBECINSTALLED CAPACITY: 38,000 MW

ELECTRICITY GENERATION : 175 TWh




World Major Producers of Hydro-Power in 2008- Installed Capacity (GW)

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During the operational phase, CO2 emissions are minimal for a hydropower facility and zero for a nuclear power plant.




NOx (nitrogen oxides): chemical compounds thatcontribute to the formation of smog and acidic deposits.

Nitrogen oxide emissions are zero for hydroelectric and nuclear facilities.

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SO2 (sulphur dioxide): chemical compound that contributes to the formation of acid rain

Likewise, sulfur dioxide emissions are zero for hydroelectric and nuclear facilities.

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Transmission lines

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Low VoltageMediumvoltage High voltage

Very highvoltage

Monophase wires 120/240V Triphase 3 wires 480V 2.4 kV 115kV 345kV 600V 4.16kV 138kV 500kV 4.8kV 161kV 735kV 6.9kV 230kV 765kV 13.8kV 23kV 34.5kV 46kV 69kV Triphase 4 wires 120/208V 7.2/12.47kV 277/480V 7.62/13.2kV 437/600V 7.97/13.8kV 14.4/24.94kV 19.92/34.5kV




315-kV Chénier– Vignan line (Laurentides region)High average: 60m, Scope average: 400m

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Types of towers:

Double-Circuit tower

a small-footprint tower

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Waist-type tower

-the most common type of transmission tower

-used for voltages ranging from 110 to 735 kV

-towers easily assembled: suitable for power lines that cross very uneven terrain

-Bundled conductors (3-cm ):reduce energy losses (due to the corona effect), audible noise and radio interference

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Guyed-V tower

-designed for voltages ranging from 230 to 735 kV

-mainly used for power lines leaving the La Grande and Manic-Outardes hydroelectric complexes

-more economical than the double-circuit and waist-type towers

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Tubular steel pole

-featuring a streamlined, aesthetic shape

-less massive structure than other towers

-blend easily into the environment

- being used more and more in urban centres

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Guyed cross-roped suspension tower

-simple design, easy to assemble

-used for the 735-kV conductors leaving the La Grande complex

This type of structure requires less galvanized steel than the guyed-V tower, making it lighter and less costly

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±±±




Germany

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Most high-voltage conductors used by Hydro-Québec are made of aluminum with a steel core that gives the cable its required strength

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Capacity

(MW)Number of

stationsHydroelectric generating stations 34,118 59Nuclear generating station 675 1Thermal generating stations 1,634 27

Wind farm 2 1Hydroelectric generating stations under construction 1,012 4

Other sources of supply 7,235 -Installed capacity of Hydro Québec's generating fleet 36,429 -




Beauharnois generating station, 40km southwest of Montréal

Installed capacity: 1, 755 MW

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Valve room at Lévis substation, where alternating current is convertedto direct current

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Montréal, St. Lawrence River, January 16, 2009 Electricity Demand of 37,230 MW (Record)

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Atmospheric Emissions per year from Hydro-Québec generation operations (tonnes)

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Environment 2005 2008Renewable energy as % of total electricity generated and purchased 95 97Atmospheric emissions of CO2 from the vehicle fleet (tonnes) 56,849 54,426Energy Efficiency Plan: energy savings (result/target) (GWh) 427/321 1,081/745Employees governed by an environmental management system (number) 20,513 18,228Insulating oil recovered (thousand of litres)/Internal reuse (%) 4,508/89.9 2,989/92.7Production of low- and medium activity radioactive waste (m3/reactor) 30 39




Revenue from electricity sales ($M)

Net exports accounted for 8% of sales volume but generated 32% of income from continuing operations.

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Dêkuji !

Vielen Dank!

Thank you!

Merci!

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Coban: Environmental Impacts of Power Industry Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät ET/IT...

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