CoAX – Coalition TIECoAX – Coalition TIETechnology Integration ExperimentTechnology Integration Experiment

AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern,AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern,Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCLockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC

Support from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, StanfordSupport from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford

Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/

DARPADARPA

CoAX/Briefing - 2

CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline

Aims and ContributionsAims and Contributions DemonstrationDemonstration Next Steps and SummaryNext Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 3

CoAX ContextContext

Increasing military requirements for coalition Increasing military requirements for coalition operationsoperations

Belief that agent computational model is a good Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirementsfit to meet coalition interoperability requirements

US and UK Agent Research ProgrammesUS and UK Agent Research Programmes US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS)US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) UK DERA Agents ProjectUK DERA Agents Project

Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid InfrastructureCoABS Grid Infrastructure

CoAX/Briefing - 4

CoAX Aim of Coalition TIEAim of Coalition TIE To addressTo address unique aspects of coalition operations unique aspects of coalition operations

through the development and evaluation of:through the development and evaluation of: agent domain management servicesagent domain management services agent task, process and event management servicesagent task, process and event management services

Aim will be met through delivery of:Aim will be met through delivery of: Phased technical demonstrations of increasing Phased technical demonstrations of increasing

complexitycomplexity Connection of a variety of diverse agent systemsConnection of a variety of diverse agent systems Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid

servicesservices Requirements:Requirements:

Use of a wide variety of different agent systemsUse of a wide variety of different agent systems Use of existing military (non-agent) applicationsUse of existing military (non-agent) applications

CoAX/Briefing - 5

CoAX Key Coalition DriversKey Coalition Drivers

Different cultures, doctrines, and languages:Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement

and, in general, mission “agendas”and, in general, mission “agendas” Command authorities - agreement and transfersCommand authorities - agreement and transfers Different interpretation of situational informationDifferent interpretation of situational information

Incompatibility of respective national Incompatibility of respective national information systems:information systems: Different technology skill and equipment levelsDifferent technology skill and equipment levels Lack of information systems resource sharing agreementsLack of information systems resource sharing agreements Variable reliability of components and infrastructuresVariable reliability of components and infrastructures Lack of compatible security architecturesLack of compatible security architectures Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel

with limited trainingwith limited training Limited models for coalition force operationsLimited models for coalition force operations

Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999

CoAX/Briefing - 6

CoAX Key Technical DriversKey Technical Drivers

Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systemsavailability of different nations systems

Need for partial (secure) sharing and Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilitiesvisualization of processes, data and facilities

Need to work with agents in multiple Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domainsdynamically determined domains

Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event managementevent management

Need for rapid formation, management and Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationshipschange of agent relationships

CoAX/Briefing - 7

CoAXCoAX ComponentsCoAX Components

LAN

LAN

LANGrid DARPADARPACoABS GridCoABS Grid(GITI, ISX)(GITI, ISX)

Agent FrameworksAgent FrameworksKAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)KAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)EMAA/CAST Agents (LMEMAA/CAST Agents (LM--ATL)ATL)D’Agents (Dartmouth)D’Agents (Dartmouth)eGents (OBJS)eGents (OBJS)

Agent Grid ServicesAgent Grid ServicesTask and Task and ProcessProcess Management (AIAI) Management (AIAI)Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing)Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)

Military Military SystemsSystemsCAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)MBP (DERA)MBP (DERA)……

Agents on the GridAgents on the GridAODB Agent (LMAODB Agent (LM--ATL)ATL)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)……

CoAX/Briefing - 8

CoAX

Agent Domain Agent Domain Management in CoAXManagement in CoAX

Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include:Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include: Access management: Who can access what services? Access management: Who can access what services? Registration management: Who can join the domain under what Registration management: Who can join the domain under what

circumstances?circumstances? Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much

of a given computing resource?of a given computing resource? Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on

mobile code?mobile code? Communication management: What constraints govern Communication management: What constraints govern

interaction between conversing agents? interaction between conversing agents? Obligation management: Are agents meeting their Obligation management: Are agents meeting their

commitments?commitments?

Initial capability shown in 9-month demoInitial Capability slated for 18-month demoInitial capability slated for 30-month demo

CoAX/Briefing - 9

CoAXTask, Process, and Event Task, Process, and Event

Management in CoAXManagement in CoAX

Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms.coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms.

Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process.Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process. Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition

C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution.C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution. Links to and assists with domain management, authority, Links to and assists with domain management, authority,

exception management and other Grid management services.exception management and other Grid management services. To be packaged as generic task and process management To be packaged as generic task and process management

facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications.facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications.

Initial capability shown in 9-month demoInitial Capability slated for 18-month demoInitial capability slated for 30-month demo

CoAX/Briefing - 10

CoAXDemo OverviewDemo Overview

Focus on information-gathering phase of a Coalition Operation First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy and existing

US and UK systems (AFRL/BBN/GITI CAMPS and DERA MBP) Agents and domains

6 agent domains and ~25 agents USC/ISI Ariadne agent providing publicly-available weather info Initial AIAI Process Panel

Domain management functionality Malicious observer agent thwarted by IHMC KAoS domain

management and NOMADS resource control mechanisms IHMC KAoS Policy Administration Tool (KPAT) administering

communication, registration, and resource policies Stand-alone demonstrations:

MIT exception handling U. Michigan plan deconfliction Dartmouth ‘observer agents’ OBJS eGents

CoAX/Briefing - 11

CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline

Aims and ContributionsAims and Contributions DemonstrationDemonstration Next Steps and SummaryNext Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 12

CoAX

OtherNation's'Domain'

US CountryUS Country'Domain''Domain'

UK Country'Domain'

JFAC HQ'sOrganizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational

'Domain'

Tactical AirTactical AirOperations FunctionalOperations Functional

'Domain''Domain'

Coalition Domain TypesCoalition Domain Types

CoAX/Briefing - 13

CoAX

JFAC HQ

Gao Intel

US

JTF HQ

Observers(Intel)

Gao Obs.

NOMADS Guarded “Observers”

Current DemoCurrent DemoAgents and DomainsAgents and Domains

AODBAODB

LM-ATLLM-ATL

WeatherWeather

AriadneAriadneCAMPSCAMPS

ALDBALDB

DbDbiiii

DbDbii

MBPMBPIntel1Intel1

Intel2Intel2DM2DM2

MM2MM2

DM1DM1

MM1MM1

DM4DM4 MM4MM4

AODBAODB

PP'PP'

DM3DM3

MM3MM3

DM5DM5

MM5MM5DAODAO

GAOGAO

WeatherWeatherVizViz

AL PlanAL Plan

CoAX/Briefing - 14

CoAX Binni - Gateway to theBinni - Gateway to theGolden Bowl of AfricaGolden Bowl of Africa

Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa',In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces,(ed. Tate, A.) pp. 115-125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May 1999.

CapeVincent

CapeAmstado

Caca

KasoLagoon

Amisa

Jacal

Pra

Ankobra

Tana

Ofin

Afr

am

Daka

Black Caca

Kapowa

White Caca

Mawli

W E

N

S

CapeVincent

CapeAmstado

Caca

KasoLagoon

Amisa

Jacal

Pra

Ankobra

Tana

Ofin

Afr

am

Daka

Black Caca

Kapowa

White Caca

Mawli

LAKE CACA

Gaoforces

Agadezforces

Forces separated by Firestorm

FIRES

TORM

AGADEZ

GAO

BinniBinni

CoAX/Briefing - 16

CoAX

Binni Coalition - C2 Structure and Commanders' Responsibilities

OtherComponents:

LOGISTICS,MARINES,

SF etc

NGOs

UN

UN Secretary General

UN SRSG

JOINT TASK FORCE HQ(JTF HQ)

Staffs: J1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps

Joint Task ForceCommander

JTFC

Coalition

Air

Units

Joint Force AirComponent Commander

(JFACC in JFAC HQ)Staffs: A1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps

JFACC

Coalition

Land

Units

Joint Force LandComponent Commander

(JFLCC in JFLC HQ)Staffs: G1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps

JFLCC

Coalition

Maritime

Units

Joint Force MaritimeComponent Commander

(JFMCC in JFMC HQ)Staffs: N1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps

JFMCC

GRANDSTRATEGIC

MILITARYSTRATEGIC

OPERATIONAL

TACTICAL

HOME BASE

THEATRE

National Grand StrategicJoint HQs

Nat'lPers-onnel

Nat'lPers-onnel

Nat'lPers-onnel

GOVERNMENTS

OGDs

US

GAO

W E

N

S

CapeVincent

CapeAmstado

Caca

KasoLagoon

Amisa

Jacal

Pra

Ankobra

Tana

Ofin

Afr

am

Daka

Black Caca

Kapowa

White Caca

Mawli

LAKE CACA

EASTERN REGION

AGADEZ

Zingato

SIKASSO

COSTA DELMARIA

LAKI

BANDAR

UGWULU

UPPER REGION

WESTERN REGION

CACA REGION NORTHERN REGION

CACAREGION

ASHANTI REGION

CENTRAL REGION

BANDARREGION

AG

AD

EZ

GAO

Kwanabouri

Gambaga268

Masembi

Gam

bag

a E

scar

pm

ent Higgville

Libar

Zatu

To

Cun

meg

e To

Tifi

llo

Dinga

Anala876

527

390

482

436

588

752

542

707

123

788

613

175

613

Akwapim-Gao Range

Kw

ahu

Pla

teau

To

Pam

ple

To

Seg

umbo

KamongoJinja

Brongo

LavalBiloo

Sagiba

BaveGamba

Kolla

AntokGrandville

Hakkali

To Cecil

DadoMinga

Kaso

NangaCaca Dam Esuko

Blackman

Laponga

Zaribe

Bonrope

Tonka

775AtewaRanga

SaltpondAchobo

Adaido

DiplomboElmina

Wonka

Deanville

Sonara

Sandosta

Komenda

Gonobo Grandvache

Polia

Jamestown

Slabo

Donga

Anguiba KutchiAkimbo

Sago-town

Wazilla

Suthertown

Bisa

Wampimba

Belucar

Salisbury

Bisha

St Andrews

Sellerham

Kingtown

To P

etit Paris

To E

scallope

Lissa

Libretto

Slafito

Langford

To

Fal

o

Asoba

NedallaEpidurango

Aida

To H

arra

Laki SafariPark

Caca G

orge

BinniBinni

Red Sea

Gaoforces

AgadezForces

False Agadezforces

FIRESTORM

CoAX/Briefing - 18

CoAX

JFAC HQ

Gao Intel

US

JTF HQ

Observers(Intel)

Gao Obs.

NOMADS Guarded “Observers”

Observers Domain Observers Domain StructureStructure

MMMM

DAODAO

GAOGAO

DMDM

CoAX/Briefing - 19

CoAX Briefing OutlineBriefing Outline

Aims and ContributionsAims and Contributions DemonstrationDemonstration Next Steps and SummaryNext Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 20

CoAX

CoAX Demo EmphasisCoAX Demo Emphasis

Initial Planning

• Political aims• Military guidance• Campaign planning• Commander's intent• Deployment

Recovery

• Conflict resolution• Re-deployment• Peace support

Execution

• Variable Organizations• An opponent• Campaign re-planning• Short-notice taskings• Operation execution• Execution monitoring• Reporting / feedback• Outcome assessment

More LinearMore Linear

Is the focus of thecurrent demo

Dynamic / iterativeuncertain

Is the focus of theCoAX 18-month

demo

CoAX 30-month demoCovers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation

to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services.

CoAX/Briefing - 21

CoAX

18-Month (July 2001) 18-Month (July 2001) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan

More realism in coalition structures All CoAX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains New policies provide additional robustness and

responsiveness Added functionality in process and task management

Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration Richer information gathering phase Extend scope to execution phase with agent systems

responding dynamically to events Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier

Package selected domain management functionality as KAoS grid helper

CoAX/Briefing - 22

CoAX

Coalition

JFAC HQ

Gao Intel

US

Observers(Intel)

UKShared

Met.

18-Month (July 2001) 18-Month (July 2001) Demo StructureDemo Structure

Gao Obs.

AODBAODB

LM-ATLLM-ATL

WeatherWeather AriadneAriadne

CAMPSCAMPS

ALDBALDB

DbDbiiii

DbDbii

MBPMBP

Intel1Intel1

Intel2Intel2 DM2DM2

MM2MM2DM1DM1MM1MM1DM4DM4 MM4MM4

AODBAODB

DM8DM8 MM8MM8DM5DM5

MM5MM5DGODGO

DAODAO

GAOGAODM6DM6

MM6MM6

AL PlanAL Plan

Intel1aIntel1aIntel3Intel3

DM7DM7

MM7MM7

DbDbiiiiii

DM3DM3

MM3MM3

WeatherWeatherVizViz DM9DM9

MM9MM9PPPP

EH

IMIM

Plan Dec.Plan Dec.

CoAX/Briefing - 23

CoAX

30-Month (July 2002) 30-Month (July 2002) Demonstration PlanDemonstration Plan

Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processes

Tailored visualizations Tools to improve human / software agent interaction High-level tools usable without specialized training Packaged task, process, and event management

capabilities as generic Grid services

CoAX/Briefing - 24

CoAX CoAX MessageCoAX Message

Operational Message Operational Message Interoperability of different nations’ systems Interoperability of different nations’ systems Agility and robustnessAgility and robustness Support to coalition and “virtual” Support to coalition and “virtual”

organizationsorganizations Technical MessageTechnical Message

Agents as an appropriate paradigm to Agents as an appropriate paradigm to facilitate interoperability of disparate systemsfacilitate interoperability of disparate systems

Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid configurationconfiguration

Utility of domain management and Utility of domain management and task/process management servicestask/process management services

CoAX/Briefing - 25

CoAX

Further Information and Further Information and InvolvementInvolvement

CoAX and Binni documentation available CoAX and Binni documentation available 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX

contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenariocontributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/

We encourage further participation…We encourage further participation… In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In seeking operational opportunitiesIn seeking operational opportunities In seeking inter-program linksIn seeking inter-program links In future demonstrationsIn future demonstrations

DARPADARPA

Object Services and Consulting, Inc.

CoAX/Briefing - 28

CoAX Spare SlidesSpare Slides

Demonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule Coalition domains slide with final overlay to Coalition domains slide with final overlay to

show the way in which a single person might show the way in which a single person might span a variety of organizational, country and span a variety of organizational, country and functional domainsfunctional domains

Further summarization slideFurther summarization slide

CoAX/Briefing - 29

CoAX Demonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule 1-month demo in February 2000: showing direct connection

between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB 9-month demo in October 2000:

Brief the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario Show integration of selected CoAX components Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based

scenario Tell a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering

phase Additional stand-alone demos of other components

18-month demo in July 2001: showing full integration of CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario: Expanded scope to cover execution phase Focal point to engage other nations and research teams

30-month demo in July 2002: showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking

CoAX/Briefing - 30

CoAX

OtherNation's'Domain'

US CountryUS Country'Domain''Domain'

UK Country'Domain'

JFAC HQ'sOrganizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational

'Domain'

Tactical AirTactical AirOperations FunctionalOperations Functional

'Domain''Domain'

Coalition Domain TypesCoalition Domain Types

JTFC's (from the UK)Individual 'Domain'

CoAX/Briefing - 31

CoAX SummarySummary

Coalition operations is a matter of high concern Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for for the military and a great proving ground for agent researchagent research

Binni provides mature rich source of realistic Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario datascenario data

Actual military tools used in true cross-national Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the futurenations in the future

Seventeen partners cooperating in phased Seventeen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstratorstechnical integration demonstrators

CoABS Grid provided necessary interoperabilityCoABS Grid provided necessary interoperability Significant new research issues being addressed Significant new research issues being addressed

of both theoretical and practical significanceof both theoretical and practical significance