“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers” CocoaMidnight.
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Transcript of “Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers” CocoaMidnight.
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“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa Midnight
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Metabolic Networks Introduction
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Network ReviewNetwork
an interconnected or interrelated web, group, or system.
Nodesmembers of the network
Edgesthe relationships between the nodes
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Compare and contrast these networks.
Food Web Network Cell Phone Network
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Compare and contrast a food web and cell phone network
• The nodes
• The edges– Types and meaning of the relationships– Properties of the edges– Directionality of the arrows
• Scale of the network
• Boundary of network
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Lactase Lab
• Lactose is composed of Galactose and Glucose
• Lactase breaks lactose into…
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Lactose
Lactase
How can we represent this with nodes and edges?
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Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
What do the nodes represent?What do the edges represent?
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Key Terms
• Metabolism: all the enzyme reactions occurring within a cell or whole organism
• Metabolite: any molecule produced by chemical reactions of metabolism
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Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
Key:
Metabolites
Enzyme reactions
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Key Terms
Metabolic Network: an interconnected set of enzyme reactions; the output of one reaction is the input of another
• Nodes = metabolites
• Edges = enzyme reactions
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Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
Key:
Metabolites
Enzyme reactions
Lactose is produced as an output of a different
enzyme reaction
Galactose is used as an input to a different
enzyme reaction
Glucose is used as an input to a different enzyme
reaction
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Metabolic network
Lactose
Galactose Galactose P UDP-Galactose
Glucose
Glycogen
UDP-Glucose
Glucose-1-P
Glucose-6-PATP
ADP
Pi
Nodes are metabolitesEdges are enzyme reactions
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Metabolic pathway
Lactose
Galactose Galactose P UDP-Galactose
Glucose
Glycogen
UDP-Glucose
Glucose-1-P
Glucose-6-PATP
ADP
Pi
Nodes are metabolitesEdges are enzyme reactions
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A metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme reactions connecting one metabolite to another– Like a single food chain within a food web
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Metabolic Network
A B C D
E F
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
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A B C D
E F
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
X
What if the enzyme converting metabolite B to C is missing?
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CBA
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
X
E F
D
Result:
-Accumulation of B
-Decrease of C, D, E, and F
What if the enzyme converting metabolite B to C is missing?
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“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa Midnight
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Guiding Question:
“How does variation exist between organisms?”
Read: “Coat Colors in Labrador Retrievers” to help you answer this question.
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Vocab to know for reading.
• Pigment = A substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in plant or animal tissue.
• Skin and Hair pigments are produced in cells called melanocytes.
• Synthesize = to put together.
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Labrador (dog) pigmentation
Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
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Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
What happens if the enzyme TRP – 1 is missing?
Black pigment
What color is the dog’s coat? Brown
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Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
What happens if both the enzymes TRP – 1 and TRP-2 are missing?
Black pigment
What color is the dog’s coat? Yellow
Brown pigment
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Pigment Networks Practice
Complete the networks practice handout.
Make sure you answer all questions.
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Pigment Metabolic Network for the Imaginary Bioflower
Blue Flower Purple Flower
Where is the variation in these flowers? Blue and Purple Flowers (Color)
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Bioflowers
A colorless starting molecule is converted by enzyme X to blue pigment. Next, enzyme Y converts the blue pigment to purple pigment.
1.Diagram of the pathway. (include a key)
2.Give an explanation for a blue flower.
Colorless Compound Blue Pigment Purple Pigment
X Y
Nodes = metabolites
Edges = enzymes
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“Roundbuds”
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RoundbudsIn another type of wildflower, the roundbud, red pigment is synthesized from a white precursor by enzyme Q.
1. Draw the enzyme pathway for the roundbud.
It was believed that all roundbuds were red until a knowledgeable, observant teenager discovered a meadow full of white-flowered roundbuds.
2. Using your knowledge of the synthesis pathway for red pigment, give an explanation for the white roundbud variety.
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White Precursor Red PigmentQ
1. Enzyme Pathway
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
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It was believed that all roundbuds were red until a knowledgeable, observant teenager discovered a meadow full of white-flowered roundbuds.
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2. Using your knowledge of the synthesis pathway for red pigment, give an explanation for the white roundbud variety.
White Precusor Red Pigment
Q
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
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Labrador retriever Images provided by:
http://www.puppydogweb.com/gallery/labradorretrievers/lab_thakur.jpg
http://www.puppydogweb.com/gallery/labradorretrievers/labret_johnson.jpg