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Coal-­‐Biomass  Direct  Liquefac4on  

R.F.Bauman P. Maa

S. Zaczepinski April 17, 2012

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Accelergy  Team  Goals  

●  Economically  produce  transporta4on  fuels  from  coal  

 

●  Provide  technology  with  World’s  highest  thermal  efficiency  

 

●  Minimize  water  use  

 

●  Ensure  100%  Carbon  Capture  and  U4liza4on  (CCU)  

 

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Interna4onal  Team  Combines  “Best”  of  East  and  West  

Technology Providers

Demonstration Engineering Contractors

PARC CCRI

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Direct  Coal  Liquefac4on  Process  Result  of    30  Year  Development  Program    

●   Three  scale-­‐up  steps  (0.03,  1,  and  250  T/D)  to  minimize  risk  

●  Tested  lignite,  sub-­‐bituminous,  and  bituminous  coals  extensively    

●  Defined  impact  of  key  variables  on  operability  and  produc4vity    

–  Included  catalysts,  reactor  types,  donor  solvent,  upgrading,  etc.  

•  Equipment  design  guides  developed  during  1,000  B/D  demo  

•  No  need  for  addi7onal  equipment  tes7ng  

●  1st  and  2nd  Genera4on  DCL  Processes  declared  Technically  Ready  

–  Requires  0.1  T/D  integrated  confirma7on  run  for  new  coals  

 

       

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Dis4nguishing  Features  of    2nd  Genera4on  Microcataly4c  Coal  Liquefac4on  (MCL)  

     

 

●  Based  on  ppm  level  Microcatalyst  addi4on  

●  Eliminates  solvent  hydrotreater  and  associated  energy  loss  

●  Uses  low  recycle  gas  rates  -­‐  minimizes  compression  and  equipment  cost  

●  U4lizes  slurry  liquefac4on  reactors      

●  BoXoms  recycle  

●  Produces  a  raw  380°C  minus  product  from  liquefac4on  

●  Fixed  bed  upgrading  to  premium,  all  transporta4on  fuels  product  

Design offers highest thermal efficiency and lowest investment/operating cost

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CCRI  Pilot  Plant  Extensively  Modified  to  Operate  in  MCL  Mode  

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CCRI  MCL  Opera4ons  on  Ordos  Basin  Coal  

Up to 67wt% (maf) C5/380°C liquid produced from high inertinite, Ordos Basin coal

0   10   20   30  

Rela4v

e  As  Con

tent,  %

 

Days  on  Coal  

Condition 1

Condition 2

Yankuang Demo

For direct liquefaction, the ash level in the unconverted coal is a direct measure of conversion to liquid fuels and the stability of the operation.

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MCL  Successfully  Demonstrated    On  Ordos  Basin  Coal  

●  Basis  for  Yankuang  NDRC  submiXal  

●  Modified  unit  achieved    100%  Service  Factor  

●  No  reactor  deposits  or  solids  buildup  

●  Operated  without  solvent  hydrotreater  

●  Recycle  gas  rate  minimized    

●  Liquid  product  380°C  Minus  

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Criterion  Upgrading  Demonstrated  on  Ordos  Basin  Product  

●  Raw  MCL  product  upgraded  to  finished  diesel  and  jet  fuel  

–  Two  stage  upgrading  u7lized  with  Criterion  catalysts  –  Euro  4  blends  prepared  with  Yankuang  derived  F-­‐T  diesel  –  Jet  fuel  and  U.S.  diesel  products  also  produced  from  MCL    

●  All  diesel  and  jet  fuel  samples  meet  product  specifica4ons  

–  Final  products  free  of  sulfur,  nitrogen,  and  oxygen    

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Upgrading  of  MCL  Product  to    On-­‐Specifica4on  Diesel  or  Jet  Fuel  Demonstrated  

MCL derived fuels have high volumetric Btu content and excellent cold flow properties

Product U.S.  Diesel Euro  4  Diesel  (1) Jet  Fuel

Specific  Gravity 0.87 0.84 0.83

Combustion  PropertiesSmoke  Point,  mm n.a. n.a. 24Cetane  Number 47 52 n.a.

Cold  Flow  Properties.  °CCloud  Point <  -­‐35 <  -­‐10 n.a.Freeze  Point n.a. n.a -­‐64

Note:  (1)  Blend  of  Yankuang  F-­‐T  and  MCL  diesel

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Range  of  Commercial  Applica4ons  Defined  

●  Based  on  Ordos  Basin  Coal  

●  All  balanced  plants  (no  import  or  export  of  power)  

●  Plants  include  onsites  and  offsites  (coal  drying,  etc.)  

●  Finished  products  leaving  plant  baXery  limits  

●  Cases  do  not  include  Accelergy  Carbon  Capture  and  U4liza4on  (CCU)  

–  Will  be  addressed  in  later  slides  

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Accelergy  Offers  Highest  Known  Thermal  Efficiencies    

F-T MCL & F-T MCL Only MCL Only Coal Coal Coal Coal / Natural Gas

Typical GTL

(Yankuang)

40  

45  

50  

55  

60  

65  

70  

75  

80  

Thermal  Efficien

cy,  %

 HHV

 

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CO2  Produc4on  Lower  For  High  Efficiency  Cases  

20  

30  

40  

50  

60  

70  

80  

1   2   3   4   5   6   7  

%  of  Feed  Ca

rbon

 to  CO2  

F-T MCL + F-T MCL MCL Coal Coal Coal Coal + Natural Gas

Typical GTL

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Features  of  Accelergy  TerraSync™    Carbon  Capture  and  U4liza4on  (CCU)  Technology  

●  Converts  CO2  into  bio-­‐fer4lizer  or  soil  remedia4on  agent  

 

●  Con4nues  to  consume  CO2  aher  applica4on  to  fields  or  desert  

–  Typically  30  7mes  the  CO2  (over  life  7me)  required  to  produce  TerraSync™  

 

●  Bio-­‐fer4lizer  returns  carbon  from  the  atmosphere  back  into  soil  

–  Restores  soil  fer7lity  –  Fixes  nitrogen  from  the  air  

 

●  Can  also  be  used  as  a  soil  condi4oner    

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Integra4on  of  MCL  and  TerraSync™  

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TerraSync™  CCU  Advantages  Over    Carbon  Capture  and  Sequestra4on  (CCS)    

●  CCS  

–  Energy  intensive  –  Only  applicable  to  areas  with  appropriate  geologic  structure  –  Risk  of  future  release  

●  MCL  /  TerraSync™  (CCU)  

–  Only  requires  processing  of  1/30th  of  CO2  produced    –  Pure  CO2  available  from  MCL    at  pressure  

–  Ammonia  byproduct  available  as  nutrient  for  algae  growth  

–  Waste  heat  available  from  MCL  for  drying  

–  Nitrogen  fixa7on  reduces  need  for  synthe7c  fer7lizers  

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Commercial  Status  

●  Yankuang  MCL  /  F-­‐T  Project    submiXed  to  NDRC  

–  3.4  million  metric  tons/year  fuels  capacity  

–  Based  on  high  iner7nite,  Ordos  Basin  coal  –  MCL  and  Upgrading  fully  demonstrated    

–  Diesel  meets  Euro  4  specifica7ons  

–  U7lizes  TerraSync™  to  offset  CO2  emissions  

–  TerraSync  demo  scheduled  to  start  2nd  Q  

–  Exceeds  NDRC  targets  for  thermal  efficiency,  water  use,  CO2  reduc7on  

 

●  U.S.  Feasibility  Studies    focused  on  diesel  and  jet  fuel  

–  Will  take  full  advantage  of  available  low  cost,  natural  gas  

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Bright  Future  Predicted    

●  Accelergy  only  technology  plajorm  to  fully  meet  NDRC  requirements  

–  Offers  route  to  offset  China’s  rapidly  increasing  oil  imports  

–  Reduces  concerns  over    oil  availability  and  unstable  price  –  Extends  life  of  coal  reserves  –  Produces  required  high  quality  diesel  and  jet  fuel  –  TCC  evalua7on  confirms  aerac7ve  economics  

●  AXrac4veness  improves  when  both  coal  and  natural  gas  available  

–  Significantly  reduces  investment  and  increases  efficiency  

–  Combina7on  of  coal  and  gas  op7mum;  avoids  CO2  produc7on  from  coal  or  H2O  produc7on  from  GTL