COALSNEHAL

INDEX• Learning Objectives• History Of Energy Use• Sources Of Energy• Conventional Energy and Coal• Advantages And Disadvantages• Depletion And It’s Reason• Conservation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. To understand the history of energy

usage.2. To understand the various sources of

energy.3. To understand Conventional Energy

and its Source-COAL.4. To understand the advantages and

disadvantages of using coal.5. To understand the reason of depletion

of coal, and its result.6. To understand the ways to conserve

them.INDEX

History of Energy Usage

• Fire• Muscle power from animals• Wind & water usage• Steam engines powered by wood fires• Steam engines powered by coal• Now we use oil more because it is

easier to ship, store & burn.• Oil use peaked in 1979, so did prices

thanks to Arab oil embargo & Iranian revolution.

• 1980’s began pursuing renewable energies but then oil prices fell and we went back to oil.

• In 2000, OPEC decreased production and prices went up to $30 per barrel

• Now oil costs $90-$100 per barrel

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SOURCES OF ENERGY

To understand the various sources of

energy.INDEX

VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY

• Biomass energy• Solar energy• Wind power • Geothermal energy• Hydroelectric

power• Coal• Oil (Petroleum)• Natural gas• Nuclear power

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VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY

• Biomass energy- It comes from plants and is a rich source of carbon and hydrogen.

• Wind power- Advanced aerodynamics research has developed wind turbines that can produce electricity at a lower cost than power from polluting coal plants.

• Geothermal energy- It taps into the heat under the earth's crust to boil water. The hot water is then used to drive electric turbines and heat buildings.

• Hydroelectric power- It uses the force of moving water to produce electricity.

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VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY

• Coal- It is the largest source of fuel for electricity production, and also the largest source of environmental harm.

• Oil- It is used primarily for transportation fuels, but also for power production, heat and as a feedstock for chemicals.

• Natural gas- It is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel, used mostly for space and water heating in buildings and running industrial processes.

• Nuclear power- It harnesses the heat of radioactive materials to produce steam for power generation.

• Solar energy- It is the power from the sun. It is inexhaustible.

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CONVENTIONAL ENERGY & COAL

To understand Conventional energy and its Source-

COAL.

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What are conventional sources of energy?

A Conventional Source of energy is a natural resource which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on

a scale which can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are resources that are consumed much faster than nature can create them.

Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas), firewood, nuclear power(uranium) and certain aquifers

are examples. 

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• Fossil Fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over millions of years.

• The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.

• The fossil fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon, include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

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SOURCES: FOSSIL FUELS

SOURCE: COAL(Fossil Fuel)

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Coal is a combustible fossil fuel in a stony form, which is black-brown in colour.

Although anthracite coal, a harder form of coal is regarded as a metamorphic rock due to later exposure to temperature and pressure, coal is a sedimentary rock i.e. formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within water bodies.

Coal is made by carbonized vegetable material. It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then anthracite. This involves a very long process.

TYPES OF COALPeat - It has industrial importance as a fuel

in some regions. In its dehydrated form, peat is a highly effective absorbent for fuel and oil spills on land and water. It is also used as a conditioner for soil to make it more able to

retain and slow release water.

Lignite or brown coal – It is used as fuel for electric power generation. Jet is a compact form of lignite that is sometimes polished and has been used as an ornamental stone since the Upper Palaeolithic

Bituminous coal- It is used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke.

Anthracite, the highest rank of coal is a harder, glossy, black coal used primarily for residential and commercial space heating.

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USES OF COAL1. Coal is used to run locomotive engines2. It is used for heating.3. In factories, coal is often used to run machines for

manufacturing electricity4. Coal is also used for running other engines5. Steel Industry is the second largest user of Coal6. Coal is used as an energy source in the cement

industry. Large amounts of energy are required to produce cement

7. Paper Industry and Aluminum Industry require large amounts of Fuel and Energy. Coal being the cheapest energy resource forms an essential input to these industries

8. Several chemical products can be produced from the by-products of coal. INDEX

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

To understand the advantages and disadvantages of using

coal.

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ADVANTAGES OF COAL• Coal can be found in lots of places

in the world.• Coal can be easily transported to

the power stations.• Coal is a very cheap as compared

to other energy sources.• Electricity produced from coal is

reliable .• Coal can be safely stored.• It can create energy in time of

emergency .• Renewable energy like solar

energy and wind energy depend on weather, whereas coal does not depends on it.

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DISADVANTAGES OF COAL

• We have to create mines which can be dangerous.

• Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the power station causes pollution.

• Burning coal produces gases like sulphur dioxide which lead to acid rain.

• Burning coal releases the most greenhouse gases which may add to global warming.

• Coal is a non-renewable source and will run out in about 200 years.

• Coal miners can have many dangerous diseases like black lung disease or pneumoconiosis and also emphysema if they breathe in too much of the coal dust.

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Coal mine accident kills 9 in north China April 24, 2012

Nine miners were killed and 16 others injured in a coal mine accident in north China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region as the rescue wrapped up late Monday, officials said.

Rescuers found the bodies of five missing miners at Xingya Coal Mine at Urad front banner, Bayannur city after an eight-hour search, said a spokesman of the local government. Four people

were killed on the spot when a blast rocked the mine at about 3:20 a.m. Monday.The 16 miners, including four severely injured, are being treated at a local hospital, the spokesman

said.The mine, with maximum output of 300,000 tons of coal a year, is licensed. The cause of the

accident is being investigated, he added.China's mining sector saw 185 accidents in the first quarter of the year, that led to the deaths of

289 people, the State Administration of Work Safety said last Friday. Altogether 1,973 miners were killed in colliery accidents last year.

Poor safety regulations and a lack of safety awareness are usually blamed for the frequent occurrence of colliery accidents.

Inner Mongolia holds China's largest coal reserves. It surpassed neighboring Shanxi Province to become the largest coal producing region in 2010. Its coal output reached 908 million tonnes in the first 11 months last year, rising 26.6 percent from a year earlier, according to latest available

statistics.

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DEPLETION AND ITS REASONS

To understand the reason of depletion of coal, and its result.

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DEPLETION OF COAL(Fossil Fuel)

• Many industries contribute to the depletion of coal because they use large amounts to power their machines. These industries include the car industry, steel industry and transportation industry.

• Individual citizens also contribute to the depletion of coal. The use of electricity, driving engines and heating your home all eat up coal.

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Various Reasons Of Depletion Of Coal

• Over-consumption/excessive or unnecessary use of resources

• Non-equitable distribution of resources• Overpopulation...• Slash and burn agricultural practices, currently

occurring in many developing countries• Technological and industrial development• Erosion• Habitat degradation leads to the loss of Biodiversity

(i.e. species and ecosystems).• Irrigation• Mining for oil and minerals• Forestry Forest Reserves within a particular country• Pollution or contamination of resources INDEX

World Coal Extraction Projection

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Effects Of Depletion Of Coal Coal is used to run locomotives engine, so depletion

of coal will lead to various transportation problems. Factories which run on coal may shut off. Coal is a essential input in many factories, so this

may lead to less supply and therefore rise in prices. Coal, being cheap, is used to generate electricity,

therfore this will increase in the prices of electricity per unit.

When coal decreases, the prices of petrol increase, thus increaseing the prices of all the products of day-to-day life, like fruits & vegetables, electronics etc.

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CONSERVATIONTo understand the ways to

conserve them.

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Never Forget Ancient Wisdom

“MATA BHUMIH PUTROHAM PRITHVIYAH”

MEANS

“THE EARTH IS OUR MOTHER, WE ARE HER CHILDREN”

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WHY MUST WE CONSERVE FUELS????

• Fossil fuels are a precious resource because they cannot be replaced. So it makes sense to use them carefully, until something else (perhaps nuclear fusion) is developed.

• For the good of the climate and our future viability as a species, we should drastically reduce our usage of and reliance upon fossil fuels within the next decade.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, A SOLUTION

• Alternative energy refers to energy sources that have no undesired consequences such for example fossil fuels or nuclear energy.

• Alternative energy sources are renewable and are thought to be "free" energy sources. They all have lower carbon emissions, compared to conventional energy sources.

• Now that nuclear power is considered too risky hopes lie with things like sun, water, wind, waves and tides.

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ADVANTAGES OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

• They are inexhaustible – they will always be available – they are renewable

• They are clean and will not damage the Earth

• There are several types – so one or more of them is present in each country

• Most natural sources can be used on a small scale and serve local needs therefore cutting costs of transmitting the energy

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SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

WIND ENERGY - Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful

form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel

ships.

HYDRO ENERGY - The production of energy through the use of the

gravitational force of falling or flowing water is called hydro energy. It is the most

widely used form of renewable energy.

SOLAR ENERGY - Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's

energy and make it useable. Today, the technology produces less than one tenth of one percent of global energy demand. The most common way to harness solar

energy is to use solar panels.

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“THE EARTH PROVIDES ENOUGH TO SATISFY EVERY MAN'S NEEDS,

BUT NOT EVERY MAN'S GREED”

-Mahatma Gandhi

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CONCLUSION

Since the energy

consumption per capita in

our country is very low, only

small efforts by many will make a real impact,

rather than big efforts by a

few.

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