Name _________________________________________AP Human Geography Political Geography TestMultiple Choice

1. Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?a. Mexico, New York d. Mexico Road, St. Charles, Missourib. New Mexico e. Mexico Riviera, Nayaritc. Mexico

2. The 38th parallel (38 degrees north latitude) divides the Korean peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, the United Nations established this parallel as the boundary between the newly created countries of North Korea and South Korea. According to Richard Harthshorne's genetic boundary classification, what kind of border is this?

a. physical d. antecedent b. ethnographic e. naturalc. superimposed

3. Look at the map of Indonesia above. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.

The border between Indonesia and Malaysia is a geometric boundary.b. The border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is a superimposed geometric boundary.c. The border between Indonesia and Australia is a superimposed boundary.d. The border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is an antecedent boundary.e. The border between Indonesia and the Philippines is a relict boundary.

4. Poland most accurately matches which territorial shape?a. fragmented d. elongatedb. compact e. protrudedc. perforated

5. Elongated states create which type of forces within a state? a. centripetal d. centrifugalb. irredentism e. unitaryc. ethno-nationalism

6. Most of the world's micro-states are remnants of earlier kingdoms (many fuedal) and are located where?a. Western Europe d. Central Africab. South Asia e. Central Americac. Persian Gulf

7. Since the end of World War II in 1945, the number of sovereign states in the worlda. has remained about the same due to the power of hegemonyb. has increased by about a dozen due to the end of the Cold Warc. is beginning to decrease because of supranationalism

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d. has increased by almost a hundred due in part to decolonizatione. has decreased dramatically because the US has hegemony

8. Namibia’s land area in Southern Africa (shown at right), gives the country what kind of state shape?

a. elongatedb. protrudedc. compactd. fragmentede. perforated

9. Based on your answer to number 8 above, what is the most likely result of the state shape of Namibia?

a. This form helps to keep the country together. It is easier to defend than states of other shapes.

b. States that have this shape have climates and land areas that are significantly different in peripheral areas many miles distant from the central core area.

c. In a state such as this, the surrounded states can only be reached by going through one other country. If there is hostility between the two nations, access can be difficult.

d. The extended arm of territory in this state complicates that shape of the territory, and makes the people in this area feel more isolated from the core.

e. This state is easy to govern with areas separated from one another and feelings of nationalism can often cause fragmentation.

10. Which of the following is NOT a forward capital?a. Islamabad, Pakistan d. Brasilia, Brazilb. Abuja, Nigeria e. Mexico City, Mexicoc. Washington, DC, USA

11. __________ forces divide a country. ___________ forces unify a country. a. Magnificent, Cool d. Bad, Good.b. Centrifugal, Centripetal e. Religious, Culturalc. Centripetal, Centrifugal

12. Which of the following is true for landlocked States? a. They are likely to be the wealthiest state in their region.b. They are at a commercial and strategic disadvantage.c. Interior locations are more difficult to defend.d. They are most likely to be perforated states.e. Relations with neighboring countries are not as important as for maritime countries.

13. During the 2014 World Cup, many bars and restaurants hosted team USA viewing parties. This is an example of: a. sovereignty d. gerrymanderingb. ethnography e. centripetal forcesc. supranational forces

14. A weaker country that separates two powerful countries whose ideology and or political views conflict, is a buffer state. Which of the following states is a buffer state between Russia and China?

a. Mongolia d. Japanb. Nepal e. Myanmarc. Vietnam

Answer the following 3

questions based on the following reading.

The Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (the Nazi’s) at a great mass meeting on February 25, 1920, in the Hofbräuhaus-Festsaal in Munich announced their program to the world:

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1. We demand the union of Germans to form a greater Germany on the basis of the right of the self-determination enjoyed by nations.

2. None but members of the nation may be citizens of the State. None but those of German blood, whatever their creed, may be members of the nation. No Jew, therefore, may be a member of the nation.

3. Anyone who is not a citizen of the State may live in Germany only as a guest and must be regarded as being subject to foreign laws.

4. All citizens of the State shall be equal as regards rights and duties.

15. Given the definition of citizenship above, the Nazi’s were trying to create what kind of state?a. a nation-state d. a federal stateb. a multi-nation state e. a multi-state nationc. a stateless nation

16. When the Nazi Party demands the union of Germans to form a greater German state, they practicing the process known asa. ethnocentrism d. irredentismb. nationalism e. centrifugal force alignmentc. chauvinism

17. Given what numbers 2 and 3 of the Nazi Program says, how were Jews denied the rights and duties of citizenship?a. The Jews were regarded as immigrants.b. Since they were not a part of a Greater Germany they could not be citizens.c. Jews were afforded all the rights of citizenship in the German state.d. The Nazi’s ignored their own laws as they dealt with minorities in the country.e. They did not fit the definition of citizen’s of the state because they were not of the nation.

18. Hitler’s nationalist/expansionist policies, especially the idea of “lebensraum,” drew in part from the writings of one particular geopolitical theorist. Which of these theorists helped determine Hitler’s ideology?

a. Friedrich Ratzel d. Nicolas Spykmanb. Ellen Semple e. Immanuel Wallersteinc. Sir Halford MacKinder

19. The United States based part of its foreign policy objectives during the Vietnam War on which theory?a. Mahan's Sea Power Theoryb. The Domino Theoryc. MacKinder’s Heartland Theoryd. Spykman’s Rimland Theorye. Ratzel’s Lebensraum Theory

20. Sir Halford MacKinder Heartland Theory stated that whoever controlled ______________________ controlled the heartland and was in position for world dominance.

a. Eastern Europe d. the UKb. Russia e. Chinac. Western Europe

21. Which of the following countries make up the United Kingdom?a. England, Scotland Wales d. England, Scotland, Wales, Republic of Irelandb. England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland e. England, Scotland, Republic of Irelandc. England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland

22. In the United Kingdom (Scotland), secessionist movements appear to be on the rise. These movements are examples of which process?

a. irredentism d. gerrymanderingb. supra-nationalism e. devolutionc. federalism

23. The superimposed boundaries of African states were drawn at the _________________________. a. Berlin Conference in 1885 d. UN Conference of 1885b. Bush Doctrine e. 1958 European Economic Communityc. UN Conference of 1880

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24. Use the map of Oman (right) to answer the following question: The far northern part of Oman is separated from the rest of the country by a strip of territory belonging to the United Arab Emirates, which bounds the province on the south and the west. This territory of northern Oman is bounded on the north and east by the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. What is the best description of this territory?

a. an enclave onlyb. an independent statec. an exclave of The United Arab Emirates and of Omand. both and enclave and an exclavee. an exclave of Oman only

25. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is the one of the world’s most powerful and far-reaching military alliances. This is an example of

a. expansive geopolitical power. d.MacKinder's Heartland Theory in use.

b. a multi-national corporation. e. the reapportionment of power.c. a supranational organization.

26. Which of the following is one of the world's political & economical supranational organizationsa. NAFTA d. EUb. WTO e. OPECc. NATO

27. Which of the following is one of the world's political supranational organizationsa. NAFTA d. WTOb. UN e. OPECc. NATO

28. All of the following are considered stateless nations except: a. Sioux d. Croatiansb. Basques e. Americansc. Kurds

29. “Arab citizen of Israel “is the Israeli government’s designation for a non-Jewish Israeli citizen, the majority of whom have a great sense of nationalism as Palestinians. According to Israel’s Census Bureau of Statistics, the Palestinian population in 2013 was estimated at 1, 658,000 representing 20.7% of the country’s population. The Palestinians are:

a. A stateless nation d. a landlocked stateb. A sovereign state e. a bi-nation statec. Part of nation-state

30. Which of the following was a centrifugal force in the India/Pakistan relationship in the 1940’s?a. Commonality of languageb. Commonality of religionc. Differences in political bordersd. Differences in religione. Differences in ethnicity

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31. The image above shows how the Third Congressional District in Maryland has changed over time, probably to purposely favor a political party. District 3 was most likely formed through

a. gerrymandering d. zoningb. balkanization e. reapportionmentc. maladaption

32. The decennial task of changing boundaries when Congressional seats change in the United States can be described as a balance between which two terms?

a. Gerrymandering and diffusion. d. gerrymandering and reapportionmentb. Reapportionment and seasonal migration e. reapportionment and political balancingc. Local and national politics

33. Mexicans live in large numbers in two states, Mexico and the United States. That means that Mexicans are aa. ethno-national state d. nation-stateb. sovereign state e. multi-nation statec. multi-state nation

34. The most important force that created widespread use of the modern nation-state ideal was a. irredentism d. industrializationb. core/periphery relationships e. colonialismc. supra-nationalism

35. Which of the following is the usual order of the steps in boundary creation between countries?a. Definition, delimitation, demarcation d. Definition, demarcation, administrationb. Delimitation, definition, administration e. Demarcation, definition, delimitationc. Delimitation, demarcation, administration

36. Complete sovereignty of the sea with regard to the UN Law of the Sea resolution is reserved for the ________________ zone, while rights to explore and exploit resources is reserved for the _____________________ zone.

a. Territorial; Contiguous d. Territorial; High seasb. Territorial; Exclusive economic e. Contiguous; High seasc. Contiguous; Exclusive economic

Decades, and in some cases centuries, of British rule and emigration have left their mark on the independent nations that arose from the British Empire. English is the primary language of up to 400 million people and is spoken by about one and a half billion as a first, second or foreign language. Nearly all the former colonies have adopted the presidential system, and the English parliamentary system has served as the template for the governments for many former colonies. British colonial architecture, such as in churches, railway stations and government buildings, can be seen in many cities that were once part of the British Empire. Individual and team sports that developed in Britain—particularly cricket, rugby, lawn tennis and golf—were also exported. The British choice of system of measurement, the imperial system, continues to be used in some countries in various ways.

37. Consider the information in the box above. Which of the following countries has many of these characteristics?a. Brazil d. Cote d’Ivoireb. India e. Thailandc. Indonesia

38. The Arab Spring protests resulted in leadership changes in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Yemen. What were the key factors that lead to the success of protests?

a. The ability for information to diffuse quickly through technology and social media.b. The extreme oppression of women.c. The amount of working class citizens who joined the cause. d. Citizens from other countries joining forces with new protestors.e. Western countries silent funding of the protests.

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39. What were the three guiding principles of the Bush Doctrine? a. Pre-emption, nationalism, liberty d. Pre-emption, liberty, peaceb. Pre-emption, never act alone, extend freedom e. Pre-emption, liberty, justicec. Pre-emption, act alone if necessary, extend freedom

40. During President Obama’s time in office, many world events have required a United States response or action. Of the events listed, which response by President Obama is most closely related to the Bush Doctrine declared by George W. Bush during his term in office?

a. Discussions about nuclear disarmament and counter-proliferation of nuclear weapons. (Feb. 2011)b. Negotiation of the Iran Accord to suspend nuclear production (Nov. 2013)c. Attempts to negotiate free trade agreements in the Trans-Atlantic areas. (Jan. 2014)d. Request made to Congress for war powers in the US fight against the terror group ISIS. (Feb. 2015)e. Announcing the US rejection of the Monroe Doctrine as official US policy. (Nov. 2013)

41. Oaxaca, Tabasco, Puebla, and Baja California Norte are among 32 "free and sovereign, autonomous and independent" states in the Republic of Mexico. This makes Mexico a

a. microstate d. federal stateb. state with regional autonomy e. stateless nationc. multi-state nation

42. What became a euphemism for imperialism in the late 1800s?a. Hegemony d. Shatterbeltb. “White mans burden” e. Contiguous Forcec. Balkanization

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