Co-innovation of family farm systems in Uraguay: the role of farm modeling. Santiago Dogliotti Moro
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Transcript of Co-innovation of family farm systems in Uraguay: the role of farm modeling. Santiago Dogliotti Moro
Co-innovation of family farm systems in Uruguay: the role of
farm modeling
3rd farming Systems Design ConferenceBrisbane 26-29th September 2011
Dogliotti S, Aguerre V, Chilibroste P, Casagrande M, Rossing WAH
Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, UruguayInstituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Uruguay
Wageningen Centre for Agro-ecology and Systems Analysis (WaCasa), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
The learning cycles
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory research project
2003-2004
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
Model based exploratory study: potential for improvement within
<> farm types and scenarios
2010-2011
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Characterization & diagnosis of vegetable farming systems: On-Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
The unsustainability cycle
Decreasing vegetables
prices
Decreasing Family Income
Decreasing soil quality
Increasing use of irrigation and
inputs
Increasing production
costs
Increasing prices of
inputs
Increasing crop yields ?
Intensify and specialize the farm
system
The unsustainability cycle
The learning cycles
Characterization & diagnosis of vegetable farming systems: On-Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory research project
2003-2004
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
Model based exploratory study: potential for improvement within
<> farm types and scenarios
2010-2011
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
An alternative development strategy
For a large proportion of vegetable farms might be possible to significantly increase family income and at the same time reduce soil erosion by a factor 2-4 and reverse soil organic matter decline, by:
√ Reducing the area of vegetable crops√ Matching labor availability and demand through the year
by diversifying crop choice and varieties√ Introducing long rotations with pastures, forage and
cereal crops √ Introducing cover crops and animal manure applications
during the inter-crop periods√ Introducing beef-cattle production into the farm system
The learning cycles
Characterization & diagnosis of vegetable farming systems: On-Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory research project
2003-2004
Model based exploratory study: potential for improvement within
<> farm types and scenarios
2010-2011
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
A co-innovation approach to more sustainable farm systems
(Complex) systems approach
Social learning settingDynamic project monitoring
Co-innovation
(Complex) systems approach
Social learning settingDynamic project monitoring
(Complex) systems approach
Social learning settingDynamic project monitoring
Co-innovation
MONTEVIDEO
CANELONES
RÍO DE LA PLATA
Sistemas de producción convencional
Sistemas de producción orgánica
Capitales departamentales
Characterization and diagnosis
Re-designImplementation, monitoring and
evaluation
Results of co-innovation in pilot farms
Planned improvements % adoption
Drainage and erosion control 83
Green manures 88
Chicken manure 100
Crop Rotation 75
Rotation with pastures 64
Area of Crops 100
Crop manag 93
Strategic weed control 81
Record sheets 44
Farm % adoption1 502 203 944 885 1006 1007 728 789 8910 7811 9412 8613 8814 10015 4416 75
Results of co-innovation in pilot farms
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Family Income per cápita/ Averageincome in rural areas
Income per hour of family labor
Actual main crops yield/ Attainable Yield
Direct Costs / Gross Product
Costs in cash / Total Costs
Free time and leisure
Health problems
SOC actual / SOC mineralizableIrrigated Area / Vegetable crops Area
Family Labor/ Total labor
Family labor/ Vegetable crops area
Distribution of Income over productionactivities (gini index)
distribution of area among crops (giniindex)
Participation in training activities
Relationship with groups and localnetworks
Initial Average Final Average
The learning cycles
Characterization & diagnosis of vegetable farming systems: On-Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory research project
2003-2004
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Model based exploratory study: potential for improvement within
<> farm types and scenarios
2010-2011
Exploring potential for improvement: soil erosion and income
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Soil erosion (Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Fa
mily
Inc
om
e (
$u
yr-1
)
Farm 1 Farm 2
Initial
Initial
Actual
ActualPotential
Potential
Soil erosion and family income for pilot farms 1 and 2. Initial refers to the situation before implementation of plans, Actual to the results of 2009-2010, and Potential to the lowest attainable erosion level without reducing Actual family income based on explorations with Farm IMAGES
Exploring potential for improvement: soil erosion and income
Trade-off between soil conservation and family income for pilot farms 1 and 2 explored with Farm IMAGES.
y = 31.696x - 21.09
y = 5.2632x + 470.31
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Soil erosion (Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Fa
mily
inc
om
e (
10
3 $u
yr-1
)
Finca 1 Finca 2
The learning cycles
Characterization & diagnosis of vegetable farming systems: On-Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory research project
2003-2004
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Model based exploratory study: potential for improvement within
<> farm types and scenarios
2010-2011
Concluding remarks
• Main contribution of whole-farm bio-economic modeling and simulation was to center the discussion at the farm level and show stakeholders that in most cases there was significant room for improvement of farm systems sustainability within the limitations imposed by resource endowment and a constraining socio-economic environment
• Bio-economic models contributed to improve insights of the research team, but we did not used models or model results to interact with farmers during diagnosis, re-design and evaluation
• Results of the co-innovation process and the second round of explorative simulation were used to produce policy briefs and discuss with stakeholders which resulted in a change in the way the technical assistance to farmers is subsidized: from a ‘per crop’ basis to a ‘per farm’ basis.